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discovered by an open interviewing approach. Any plans of care are co-created, and I always ask about patient resources and their ability to carry out any plan. Parents feel safe to share the use of complementary modalities. A touch, a smile, can bring a caring approach to any setting. I am also a Reiki master and a therapeutic touch practitioner. When parents and child are open, I often offer ways to use herbs, aromatherapy and massage. Often children who present with an ear infection are provided Reiki to move the energy congestion away from their ears. My approach to each condition is holistic. Pain is a common physical phenomenon that children and families present. I use the “magic glove” to help children imagine the movement of energy from an area of congestion. Reiki is also helpful in some situations. I teach children simple meditative and imagery scripts to augment medications used to treat their pain. Anxiety is also another common condition in children. I teach meditation, breath-work, reflective journaling and relaxation to help children with these conditions. Aesthetics as a pattern of knowing can reveal the clinician’s perception, grasp, intuition, interpretation, engagement and response to a specific situation (Carper, 1978; Benner & Wrubel, 1989). Holistic nurses can use journals, logs, diaries or reflective journaling to learn from experiences, whether they cause pain, anxiety, depression or sadness. So, too, can children. I often ask children to draw their feelings about an experience. Children locate their pain, and then draw pictures of the pain of teasing, for example, or difficult family dynamics. Mask-making is another method that can help even the youngest of children heal themselves. Hospitals, clinics and offices already have a variety of materials than can be used to make a mask. Mask-making can offer children an opportunity to gain control in an overwhelming situation (Driessnack, 2004). Artwork reveals aspects of a condition that often words cannot capture, and journals can also be helpful in teaching children to reflect on the issues that may be contributing to their conditions. Holistic nurses are a unique group of nurses weaving a tapestry of bio-psycho-social-cultural-spiritual elements to promote healing within self and others. Pediatric nurses who practice holistic nursing are engaged in this healing process, one that is a life journey of changing and evolving self (Sharoff, 2008). References Benner, P. & Wrubel, J. (1989). The primacy of caring. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley. Carper, B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advance in Nursing Science, 1, 13-23. Driessnack, M. (2004). Remember me. Holistic Nursing Practice, 18(4), 211-214. Frisch, N. (2001). Standards for holistic nursing practice: A way to think about our care that includes complementary and alternative modalities. Online Journal Issues in Nursing, 6(2), 4-9. Hunt J. (1999). Feminism and Nursing. Available at:). Megatrends 2000. New York: William Morrow Company, Inc, 1-20. Sharoff, L. (2008). Exploring nurses’ perceived benefits of utilizing holistic modalities for self and clients. Holistic Nursing Practice, 22(1), 15-24. Sessanna, L. (2000). Teaching holistic child health promotion using Watson’s theory of human science and human care. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18(1), 64-68. Mary Enzman Hines RN, PhD, CNS, CPNP, AHN-BC is Professor and Chair of the Graduate Nursing Department and Program Coordinator of the DNP Program at Beth El College of Nursing and Health Sciences at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs. She is also President of AHNA and an associate editor for the Journal of Holistic Nursing. Mary has more than 30 years experience as a pediatric and holistic nurse and has an active pediatric nurse practitioner practice integrating a holistic philosophy at Colorado Springs Health Partners in Colorado Spring Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of similar behavioral and physiological signs and symptoms in the neonate caused by withdrawal from various pharmacologic agents (Hamdan, 2010). The presentation of the syndrome is unpredictable, with individual neonates displaying different symptoms and symptom severity over time (Jansson, 2008). Depending upon the etiology, type of drug, the severity of the withdrawal, and the age of the neonate, care may be provided in the NICU, the obstetrical floor, or the pediatric unit. Other hospital units may be used depending upon the institution’s preference. Neonates with NAS require specialized neonatal/pediatric nursing care based on the best evidence obtained from the literature and global benchmarking of best practices. To assist with translating research into practice, the objective of this article is to identify best nursing practice by systematically and critically reviewing the literature and expert guidelines on the topic. Epidemiology Maternal Incidence Abuse of illicit and prescription drugs is a worldwide problem. In 2013, the United Nations Office on Continuing Nursing Education This review aimed to determine best nursing practice by systematically and critically reviewing the appropriate literature and expert guidelines. Using keywords and literature databases, over 480 journal titles were reviewed. Twenty-four articles and three expert guidelines were chosen. The majority of articles selected as evidence were Level IV – opinions of
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