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Govern Nursing Practice If you reside in the United States and wish to obtain 1.4 contact hours of continuing education (CE) credit, please review these instructions. Instructions Go online to take the posttest and earn CE credit: Members – www.ncsbninteractive. org (no charge) Nonmembers – www.learningext. com ($15 processing fee) If you cannot take the posttest online, complete the print form and mail it to the address (nonmembers must include a check for $15, payable to NCSBN) included at bottom of form. Provider accreditation The NCSBN is accredited as a provider of CE by the Alabama State Board of Nursing. The information in this CE does not imply endorsement of any product, service, or company referred to in this activity. Contact hours: 1.4 Posttest passing score is 75%. Expiration: October 2015 Posttest Please circle the correct answer. 1. Which state was the Clinical nurses are in a unique position to support research that studies the effects of interventions, symptom management, education, and treatment plan adherence in their patients. Nurses may also participate in research studies that aim to advance professional nursing practice. Using a quiz format, this article addresses clinical nurses' role in research, the history of federal regulation of research, basic human rights and potential violations during the conduct of research, and specific nursing actions required when research is conducted in the practice setting. CLINICAL NURSES are in a unique position to support research on the effects of nursing interventions, symptom management, education, and treatment plan adherence in their patients. Nurses may also participate in research studies that aim to advance professional nursing practice. A fundamental principle of nursing practice is respect for the inherent dignity, worth, unique attributes, and human rights of all individuals.1 Nurses who understand legal and ethical protections for human subjects can contribute to research by serving as advocates for their patients and helping to ensure that studies are conducted in an ethical, legal, and scientifically valid manner. Test your knowledge of the clinical nurse's role in research by taking the following quiz, then review the discussion that follows each item to update your knowledge of basic human rights, potential violations during the conduct of research, and specific nursing actions required when research is conducted in the practice setting. Knowing why federal laws were established and what requirements must be met when conducting research can give nurses insight into the importance of their role in human rights advocacy. Which of the following events led to federal regulation of research in the US? (Choose all that apply.) Correct answers: a,b,c,d. All these historical events helped shape protection of the rights of human subjects when they participate in research.• The Nuremburg trials. Some of the earliest established practice standards resulted from evaluation of evidence during the Nuremberg trials (1949-1953) regarding research performed by Nazis on prisoners of war during World War II. A result of this forum was the Nuremberg Code, which outlined essential principles for research involving human subjects.2 One element of the Nuremberg Code specified that persons must be able to freely volunteer for research participation without coercion and must have knowledge that they are volunteering to participate in research. Consent documents were required to include specific elements of informed consent and to be written at an appropriate reading level and language for the population being studied. Today, the law requires that research consent forms provide a statement specifically identifying the proposed activity as “research” along with an explanation of the study's intent and procedures. Information about the study's purpose, the amount of time required for study participation, all procedures (both experimental and standard of care) involved in the study, descriptions of foreseeable risks or discomforts that may be experienced, and any anticipated benefits for study participants must be disclosed. Other elements required for informed consent include descriptions of any alternative procedures or treatments available, an explanation of how confidentiality of records will be maintained, and information about measures available to study participants if any harm results from research participation. The name of the principal investigator (PI) and his or her contact information must also be provided to study participants. Clarifying statements include that study participation is voluntary, that the participant will experience no loss of rights or benefits if he or she chooses not to participate, and the participant can withdraw from a study at any time without penalty. The consent signature line should include a statement that the participant's signature indicates his or her decision to voluntarily participate after having read and discussed information within the consent with a study team member. The Declaration of Helsinki (1961) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines are other documents developed to outline ethical principles regarding human experimentation and provide public assurance that the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants are protected.2,5-7• The thalidomide tragedy. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, thalidomide was
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