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matters in nursing is another component of negligence of proper nursing principles. Many nurses are guilty of such disregard and ignore their patients and their various needs. In this regard, one of the participants stated that: I used to work in ICU and I often witnessed the nurses’ lack of care about professional ethics. They were indifferent to those of the patients’ needs which were not physical; if the orderly was away and a patient had a basic need, they wouldn’t care; if a patient was in pain, they were not quick enough to administer a painkiller. In many cases they weren’t honest: They would write down things they hadn’t done; they would turn a blind eye to the patients’ needs. If a patient, for example, wished to see his or her family, they wouldn’t allow it. They would close the doors and drink tea and chat away! It was not easy to act morally under those circumstances: You could be ostracized. It was like swimming against the current. Unfortunately, many of my friends would imitate them, too, and were totally indifferent to the patients and their needs, as if they were machines. (Participant 8) Motivational factors play an important role in encouraging nurses to provide holistic care as well as facilitating such provision. Motivational factors include personality traits, personal experiences of hospitalization, and input sources. Personality traits, identified as one of the sub-categories of motivational factors, are among the major factors generating internal motives: They encourage and facilitate holistic care, influence nurses’ performance and relations with patients, and help develop rapport between nurses and patients. According to the participants, sociability and sensitivity to people's needs—which go under the subcategory of personality traits—are influential in encouraging attention to patients’ various needs, thus nurses’ developing holistic perception. Sociable and genial nurses are more likely to establish a close rapport with patients, which results in a better identification and holistic perception of patients’ needs. One of the participants pointed out that: I’m a very good mixer, highly sociable; I make sure to greet my patients warmly; I even shake hands with the old patients, because I believe that lifts their spirits and makes them trust me and cooperate. For example, if they won’t let others perform venipuncture on them, they will definitely let me. They also confide in me, which lets me know about and satisfy many of their needs. This quickens the treatment process, because attending to a patient's physical needs alone won’t lead to recovery. My sociability has helped me realize the importance of knowing about and satisfying the patients’ needs and how it affects the recovery process; now I believe that human is a complicated creature with many different needs all of which should be taken care of before complete recovery is achieved. (Participant 7) Being sensitive and compassionate contributes to providing holistic care on the part of nurses. The more emotional a nurse is, the more sympathy he/she will feel for patients, which in turn will result in feeling more responsible for patients: The nurse will not simply perform the routine tasks but try to identify and satisfy his/her patients’ whole needs. One of the nurses stated: Well, I’m quite emotional and love to help others if I can. I help my family too and enjoy being a comfort. That's why I feel good when my patients are satisfied. Satisfying my patients’ needs gives me a feeling of pleasure; the feeling is so strong that I believe my best moments are when I’m with my patients and helping them. (Participant 9) Nurses’ personal experiences of hospitalization is another factor which enhances nurses’ sympathy for and understanding of patients and their needs; it also contributes to regarding a patient's whole needs as important and refusing to attend to the physical needs alone. Naturally, being subject to similar experiences leads to a better understanding of patients’ needs. Most of the participants referred to their personal experiences of hospitalization as unpleasant ones in which their needs or their families’ needs—physical or otherwise— were not satisfied. According to the input from many of the participants’ experiences, when a participant or a family member was hospitalized, he/she was frustrated at the neglect of their basic and secondary needs. The participants stated that the unpleasant experience influenced their perception of patients and their various needs. One of the participants stated that: I had to undergo cholecystectomy last year. Now I realize how painful an operation can be. Though I was in great pain, the nurses often neglected me and didn’t give me painkillers. I understand now what a patient goes through. I promised myself I would never be indifferent to my patients’ pain. If every nurse had a taste of his/her patient's trouble, that’d make a difference! You would understand your patients better and treat them as humans with a variety of needs all of which should be satisfied; you wouldn’t focus on one aspect only, and you’d recognize the importance of attending to all one's needs simultaneously rather than one at a time. (Participant 1) Another participant pointed out that after the experience of the hospitalization of a family member; she began to view holistic care in a different light: One of the reasons why I attend to my patients’ needs more carefully
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