This page has resources to help you with fiction writing.
This infographic provides a quick reference guide that you can use to help you get started with narrative writing.
8 Tips on How to Write a Good Short Story
by Kurt Vonnegut
The Art of Describing Characters
by Gillian Haines
Fiction-Writing Checklists
12 Writing Fiction Checklists by Darcy Pattison
The Great Novel-Writing Checklist by K.M. Weiland
Show Characters Getting from Point A to Point B
(Jumps in Space and Time)
by Nathan Bradsford
Story Cloud
(from Anna Barr, adapted from Shaping the Story by Mark Baechtel)
Purpose-Oriented Writing Exercises from Craft in the Real World by Matthew Salesses
Place & Mind
Writing Exercise from Anna Barr
Triangulation for Character Development in Narrative
The Creative Writing Prompts page includes writing prompts, workshop lessons, and writing exercises.
34 CliftonStrengths Themes reference card PDF
How to Write Captivating Characters by John Claude Bemis Authors Publish lecture (1 hour) - slides
How to Write Captivating Side Characters Authors Publish lecture by Cat Rambo (1 hour)
Plotting: Conflict, Complication, Curiosity, and Connection from Andrew Wille Writing Studio
100 Timeless Plot Archetypes by Nathan Baugh on Medium
Narrative Structure: What Are the 7 Basic Plots by Bethan McGloin on Knowadays
7 Basic Plot Archetypes slideshow with examples
The Seven Story Archetypes one page reference PDF
Writing Believable Dialogue from Authors Publish
Dialogue Punctuation 101 from Suzanne McConnell, coauthor of Pity the Reader: On Writing with Style
List of Tropes from TV Tropes
The Importance of Trope Awareness by Emily Harstone from Authors Publish
Literary Fiction vs. Genre Fiction by Sean Glatch on Writers.com
Literary vs. Genre Fiction by Diane Callahan on Medium.com
A Better Way to Think About the Genre Debate by Joshua Rothman in The New Yorker - the collapse of genre
Tips from Nathan Bransford, fiction writer and editor:
Narration: The reader needs a good proxy in a novel
It’s hard to engage with a character who isn’t trying - on character agency
More writing tips & techniques
Turning Off the TV in Your Mind by Lincoln Michel
Strategic Opacity based on Between the Covers Podcast lecture “Tin House Live: Torrey Peters on Strategic Opacity” (1 hr)
Writing Fiction: When to Consider Summary Authors Publish article by Sherry Shahan
Writing Effective Flashbacks: Seamlessly Integrating Backstory Authors Publish article by Sabyasachi Roy
A Craft Essay About Never Knowing How to Stop Authors Publish article by Sabyasachi Roy
Craft Lessons from Reading Hundreds of Short Stories Authors Publish article by Ratika Deshpande
Flash Fiction
Build Your Writing Career and Platform with Snap, Dash and Flash by Lynne Curry in Authors Publish
Whodunits, Cozies, and More: A Mystery Sub-Genres Primer on Book Riot
Mystery Subgenres: 60+ Immersive Fiction Subgenres on Self-Publishing School
21 Popular Mystery Tropes for Writers from Writer's Digest
All about creating mysteries in a novel
Writer's Toolbox from Gotham Writers includes:
Ask the Writer - Pressing and perplexing questions answered by our writing expert.
Author Q&A - An exclusive collection of Q&As with illustrious authors.
Character Questionnaire - Questions that will help you get to know your characters better.
Faculty Articles - Great writing advice from members of the Gotham faculty.
Resources/Reading Lists - Recommended books, publications, works, and websites.
Tips from the Masters - Pearls of wisdom from masters of the craft.
NaNoWriMo - nonprofit organization that provides tools, structure, community, and encouragement to help people find their voices, achieve creative goals, and build new worlds — on and off the page. November is the official "NaNoWriMo" (National Novel Writing Month)
11 Books on Writing for Your Post-NaNoWriMo Slump from Barnes & Noble blog
What Novelists Should Do After Rejection by Emily Harstone from Authors Publish
From the Blank Page to a Self-Published Novel by Amy Glin from Authors Publish
Is Your Manuscript Reader-Ready? Your Query Can Tell You! by Julie Artz from Authors Publish
Notes on Writing a Novel by Elizabeth Bowen
How to Write a Dynamic Act One from Authors Publish (2023)
Pity the Reader by Suzanne McConnell and Kurt Vonnegut
Process: The Writing Lives of Great Authors by Sarah Stodola
From Where You Dream: The Process of Writing Fiction by Robert Olen Butler
The Science of Storytelling by Will Storr
On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft by Stephen King
Refuse to Be Done by Matt Bell
The Anatomy of Story: 22 Steps to Becoming a Master Storyteller by John Truby
Ron Carlson Writes a Story by Ron Carlson
In this lecture from Authors Publish, Emily Colin explains how to write opening pages that engage readers and publishers.
How to Write a Dynamic Act One from Authors Publish (2023)
In this lecture from Authors Publish, Madeline Dyer outlines several different types of narrative structures and shares resources for learning more about each.
The webpage includes the video and a link to the lecture slides.
In this lecture from Authors Publish, Nev March explains how to write a story that has multiple layers. Includes tips for how to create a plot outline and keep track of subplots in a spreadsheet.
The lecture webpage includes the video and a link to the lecture slides.
Jeremy Bursey discusses the craft book Mastering Plot Twists by Jane Cleland, including the ideas of twist, reversal and danger.
Bursey also has a blog Drinking Cafe Latte at 1pm that features articles and information on craft books he has reviewed as part of his The Writers Bookshelf series on YouTube.
How to Keep Readers Glued to Every Page of Your Book with Microplotting - lecture by John Claude Bemis presented by Authors Publish
Each scene in a novel should do one of two things: advance the plot or deepen understanding of the characters
Example & Tips for Advancing the Plot: 08:50 - 20:05
Identify what emotions the reader may feel
Example & Tips for Deepening Understanding of the Characters
5 character questions to keep in mind when structuring a scene: 31:08 - 45:52
What does my character want?
Why can't they get it?
What will they do about it?
Why doesn't it work out?
How will it end?
In this Authors Publish lecture, Emily Colin explains how to structure a story in which plot and character work together in an engaging narrative.
In this Authors Publish lecture, Cat Rambo explains multiple techniques for creating immersive worlds.
Cat Rambo's Writing Exercises
Author's Publish lecture page with video and link to writing exercises
In this Authors Publish lecture, Emily Colin explains how to revise a fiction manuscript. Her lecture and slides also include helpful tips to think about while writing a draft.
Lecture webpage with video & slides
notes from A Swim in a Pond in the Rain by George Saunders (119-164) -- using example short story "The Darling" by Anton Chekhov
Specifying character traits can also set up plot: "once a specific person has been made (via facts, characterization), we then know, of all the many things that could happen to her, which would be meaningful... in specificity lies nascent plot... 'good writerly habit' might consist of continually revising toward specificity, so that specificity can appear and then produce plot (or, as we prefer to call it, 'meaningful action')." (142)
Establishing a pattern in a story (with slight variations) is one way to create and use/exploit reader expectations: "the pattern, as patterns tend to do, creates a series of evolving expectations." (148)
Authors Publish Lecture by Emily Harstone
How to Revise for Publication: Getting Your Creative Writing Ready to Be Published from Authors Publish
2024 Guide to Manuscript Publishing: No Agent Required from Authors Publish
2024 Guide to Manuscript Submission: How to Find a Traditional Publisher for Your Book, 6th Edition from Authors Publish
See entire Brian Sanderson 2020 Creative Writing Lectures at BYU playlist - 14 videos, 60-75 minutes each
My Philosophy on Teaching Writing (2 mins)
Intro
Plot Part 1 & 2
Viewpoint & Q&A
Worldbuilding Part 1 & 2
Short Stories
Worldbuilding Q&A
Characters Part 1 & 2
Character Q&A
Publishing Part 1 & 2
Plot Part 2 video (1hr 10 mins):
On discovery writing vs. plot outline
Explanation of a plot outline
Authors Publish lecture by Wendy Chen
Authors Publish Lecture by Ley Taylor Johnson
Watch the Video (1 hour) & download the slides
Book: How to Write a Dynamic Act One: A Guide for Novelists from Authors Publish
Authors Publish Lecture by Ley Taylor Johnson
Watch the Video (1 hour) & download the slides
Book: How to Write a Compelling Act Two: A Guide for Novelists from Authors Publish
Essential Scenes in Act 2
The New World establishes the external conflict and the protagonist’s goal.
The Midpoint resolves the tension of the first half of the story.
The New World, Twisted shifts focus to the protagonist’s character arc.
Mistakes & Consequences forces the protagonist to confront their fatal flaw.
The Act 3 Transition draws readers’ attention back to the main plot.
The New World
introduces new setting and status quo
Slowly builds tension and stakes
Adds complications that set up future conflict
Establish a pressing external conflict at the first pinch point
Break down the protagonist's goal into smaller, actionable steps
Maintain a clear chain of cause and effect
What is your protagonist's new goal?
What kind of challenges do they encounter in pursuing it?
What kind of complications arise from their approach to these challenges?
The Midpoint - acts as a mini-climax and provides catharsis for the tension build up in the first half of the story
Brings the current stakes to a peak
Marks a tonal shift in the story
Reveals the protagonist's fatal flaw
Create a false victory/defeat that complicates (but doesn't change) the stakes
Resolve the first external conflict
Underline the protagonist's fatal flaw
What major event alters the status quo?
How is it the protagonist's fault?
The New World, Twisted - shows how the status quo of Act 2 has been corrupted
Introduces the (new) status quo
Offers a brief break in tension
Focuses on the protagonist's development
Split focus between external and internal conflicts
Offer a break in tension using fewer action sequences
Set up the protagonist's upcoming breaking point
How has the protagonist's goal changed or become more complicated?
How has their approach changed as a result?
Why is it still doomed to fail?
Mistakes & Consequences - forces the protagonist to finally confront their fatal flaw
Establishes your story's "rock bottom"
Forces the protagonist to confront their internal conflict
Acts as the climax of their character arc
Force the protagonist to make a mistake due to their fatal flaw
Isolate them from other key characters
Give them a realization about their flaw
What major even disrupts the status quo?
How does the protagonist come to recognize their fatal flaw?
What realization do they have that allows them to overcome it?
Act 3 Transition
Sets up the climax
Marks another tonal shift
Raises tension and stakes
Establish the protagonist's new perspective
Reiterate the stakes and primary external conflict
Create a "plan of action" to ground readers
How does the protagonist's new perspective change their approach?
What makes this approach more likely to succeed?
How do they begin making amends?
Authors Publish Lecture by Ley Taylor Johnson
Watch the Video (1 hour) & download the slides
Book: How to Write a Satisfying Act Three: A Guide for Novelists from Authors Publish
Essential Scenes in Act 3
The Plan establishes the stakes and sets reader expectations heading into the climax.
Contact with the Enemy kicks off the climax and ramps up tension as your protagonist moves toward their final challenge.
Locking In the Character Arc confronts that challenge, giving your protagonist a chance to overcome their flaws and save the day.
The Closing Scenes provide resolution to the story and bring everything to an end.
The Plan - "it all comes together"
Outline what's at risk for the protagonist
Provide a clear source of tension right away
Balance tension and drama
What is the major conflict awaiting your protagonist?
What remaining obstacles stand between it and them?
How are they prepared to face these obstacles?
Who and what do they rely on for support?
Contact with the Enemy - "it all falls apart" - introduces complications to dramatically heighten the tension leading to the protagonist's final confrontation
Kicks off the climax
Disrupts the protagonist's plans
Dramatically raises the stakes
Accelerate the chain of cause and effect
Bring in unexpected obstacles - eg. obstacles that arise due to gaps in the plan
Fire your Chekhov's guns - any details that you have set up earlier in the story should be paying off right now
What happens to interrupt the protagonist's plan?
What impact does this have in the short term?
How are they at a disadvantage for the climax?
Locking in the Character Arc - "moment of truth"
Take a step back and direct attention to the internal conflict
Examine how they act under pressure
Point where agency is demanded of the protagonist
How they react to the challenge is what finishes off their character arc
Create a challenge around the tragic flaw - the challenge should feel genuinely threatening
Slow down the pacing for self-reflection
Base success around the character's skills
What is the final challenge the protagonist faces?
What is needed for them to overcome it? What do they need to understand/accept?
How do they use their new perspective to win?
What is the outcome (and cost) of their success?
Closing Scenes - "tying up loose ends" - leaves readers with a clear conclusion to all major plot lines & story questions
Brings down tension and pacing
Establishes the new status quo
Ends the story
Explore the world post-climax
Establish the characters' new goals
Take time to address remaining questions
What is the status quo after the climax?
What is the most notable difference from the start?
What is the protagonist's biggest takeaway?
How have other aspects of their life changed?
Narrative Voice: storytelling voice; "non-dialogue storytelling that communicates description, action, thought processes, and context to the reader in a manner that’s infused with the anchoring character/POV’s personality"
from What is "Narrative Voice?" by Nathan Bransford
Literature Discussion Notes - Narrative Voice (Google Form)
Psychic Distance: the mental/emotional distance between the writer and the reader
Closing psychic distance creates intimacy → puts the reader directly in the writer’s head/body. In order for a reader to trust the author, there needs to be enough intimacy in the writing.
the thoughts of a character
sensory details - use the five senses (sight, touch, sound, taste, and smell)
dialogue
Opening psychic distance makes the reader feel further away from the writer
Describing the action that is going on
Giving information
see also The Making of a Story: A Norton Guide to Creative Writing by Alice LaPlante, pg 273-276
Authors Publish lecture by Michael Kleber-Diggs about writing with poetic efficiency.
Quotes from Michael Kleber-Diggs:
"Efficient writing is powerful writing"
"Every word should matter"
“Syntax, precision, clauses and phrases, what’s subordinate and what’s main, and how all of those things combine together, are an essential part of efficient writing.”
Our writing should gain meaning by being concise, clear, specific, detailed, connect with readers, and emotional
"Language can be concise and detailed"
What you notice, what you sense, what you remember, how you felt, what you've learned by research, what you've learned by experience.
Michael Kleber-Diggs quotes about his own work:
Chaotic transitions
Distracted, fractured, not always linear — sometimes I want the reader to inhabit my perspective and the way I think about and write about things
“Sometimes I’ll smooth a transition by adding words, and sometimes I’ll leave it chaotic, depending on what I’m trying to accomplish.”
“Closeness [—psychic distance—] intimacy between me and the reader”
Notes from "Why do we read and write?" from Nathan Bransford
definition of story: "it’s about a character trying to navigate the world."
"And in order to make it engaging, I believe it helps for that character to be active and emerge from the story in a different place than they started. Now, please note that I’m saying active. I’m not saying powerful... Even just trying to figure something out or trying to make peace with circumstances beyond a character’s control is being active."
"I also believe good writing is precise and not vague. Different readers will project different things onto the page and everything does not have to be spelled out, but it helps for the writing to be as sharp as possible, even if this may result in different styles and approaches to get there."
Notes from A Swim in a Pond in the Rain by George Saunders
Lenses offered by George Saunders in A Swim in a Pond in the Rain
TICHN “things I couldn’t help notice” (84)
3 questions (14), “curiosity as caring”
What do we know so far? (In one or two sentences, summarize what you know so far)
What are you curious about? (What questions do you have?)
Where do you think the story is headed? (What bowling pins are in the air?)
writer as juggler - what bowling pins has the author thrown into the air? (14)
reader’s expectations, anticipating the reader (14, 17)
structure (19)
“We might think of structure as simply: an organizational scheme that allows the story to answer a question it has caused its reader to ask… We might imagine structure as a form of call-and-response. A question arises organically from the story and then the story, very considerately, answers it. If we want to make good structure, we just have to be aware of what question we are causing the reader to ask, then answer that question” (14)
“ritual banality avoidance” (35)
escalation (60, 137)
characterization & character development (16)
character change, story vs. anecdote, what makes this a story? (51)
“What makes a piece of writing a story is that something happens within it that changes the character forever… we tell a certain story, starting at one time and ending at another, in order to frame that moment of change” (51)
“ruthlessly efficient,” use everything, no waste (41, 48)
sidecar of motorcycle (58)
pattern creates expectation (134, 147)
“in specificity lies nascent plot” (142)
Patterns in a Story
Specifying character traits can also set up plot: "once a specific person has been made (via facts, characterization), we then know, of all the many things that could happen to her, which would be meaningful... in specificity lies nascent plot... 'good writerly habit' might consist of continually revising toward specificity, so that specificity can appear and then produce plot (or, as we prefer to call it, 'meaningful action')." (142)
Establishing a pattern in a story (with slight variations) is one way to create and use/exploit reader expectations: "the pattern, as patterns tend to do, creates a series of evolving expectations." (148)
First Sentences
In short stories, the first sentence is germinal, catalytic, and atomic. It must not only pull the reader into the story, but it must also set the parameters for what the story will be. Within the context of the story, a good first sentence is truthful (within the context of the storytelling), it is efficient, it immediately sets expectations, and it piques curiosity.
Example: In “A Temporary Matter” by Jhumpa Lahiri, the first sentence sets up a scenario in a way that let’s the reader know that something worth reading will occur:
“The notice informed them that it was a temporary matter: for five days their electricity would be cut off for one hour, beginning at eight pm.”
From the outset we know that the characters are being thrust into unusual circumstances, and we are wondering who these characters are and how these circumstances will lead to a fundamental change in their lives.
Question: In what ways do the first sentences of other stories fulfill these requirements? Can you write an interesting and engaging first sentence that contains the seeds of a potential story?
The Power of Literature
“I think that the power of art is the power to wake us up, strike us to our depths, change us. What are we searching for when we read a novel, see a film, listen to a piece of music? We are searching, through a work of art, for something that alters us, that we weren’t aware of before. We want to transform ourselves…” —"Teach Yourself Italian" by Jhumpa Lahiri in The New Yorker
“A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us.” —Franz Kafka
Question: Does the story move you in any way? Does it make you view life any differently? Does it inspire you in any way?