1 What are the benefits of fast-growing genetically modified salmon?
2 What potential environmental threats could fast-growing genetically modified salmon pose?
3 How can we prevent the potential threats mentioned above?
4 Growing crops is not necessarily biotechnology. How would growing crops qualify as biotechnology?
5 Why is making cheese considered biotechnology?
6 Genetic engineering is just one type of modern biotechnology. Can you give examples of other modern bioengineering techniques that do not involve genetic modification?
7 Why should the same restriction enzyme be used to cut both the target gene and the plasmid?
8 On what basis do different restriction enzymes cut target genes?
9 What characteristics should the ideal restriction enzyme have when cutting the human insulin gene?
10 In recombinant DNA technology, why use a plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance gene instead of a regular plasmid?
11 Can we ensure that the extracted human insulin gene is pure and free from other impurities?
12 To create a DNA fragment containing only the human insulin gene, someone suggested using the amino acid sequence of insulin as a basis. How could insulin’s amino acid sequence be used to create the corresponding DNA fragment?
13 During recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of DNA ligase?
14 Plasmids are small in size, which is a significant advantage. What is the benefit?
15 Why, in recombinant DNA technology, is the target gene not directly inserted into the host but instead introduced via vectors like plasmids?
16 What are "sticky ends" in recombinant DNA technology? Why are they important?
17 In genetic engineering, host cells are not necessarily bacteria. What other organisms could serve as hosts?
18 Why does human insulin produced using recombinant DNA technology not trigger an immune rejection?
19 Why is human insulin produced using recombinant DNA technology purer?
20 Why does human insulin produced using recombinant DNA technology have a higher yield?
21 Why does human insulin produced using recombinant DNA technology have a lower cost?
22 What environmental impacts could genetically modified corn that resists pests have?
23 What problems could arise from planting genetically modified soybeans that resist herbicides?
24 What is the principle behind creating genetically modified organisms?
25 Viruses are often used as effective vectors for creating genetically modified organisms. Why?
26 Why might new genes introduced into genetically modified organisms cause allergic reactions?
27 Why might the use of plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes result in the emergence of superbugs?
28 If genetically modified organisms escape into the wild, they might outcompete wild species. What environmental issues could this cause?
29 Why is plant tissue culture easier for growing new plants, while it is not possible for animals?
30 Some tissues or cells in animals can develop into new individuals under the right conditions. What are these cells?
31 Humans have long been able to clone certain organisms. Can you give some examples?
32 When performing plant tissue culture, specific nutrients must be added to the culture medium. What are these nutrients?
33 Why is it necessary to take special precautions against contamination during plant tissue culture, but not when using seeds?
34 Compared to traditional plant breeding methods, the cost of cloning plants via tissue culture is higher. Why is it still done?
35 Cloning animals is not that difficult, depending on the technique. Which cloning techniques for animals are relatively simple?
36 What is the principle behind the cloning technique of embryo splitting?
37 Why is a surrogate mother still necessary for cloning animals?
38 Nuclear transfer is another cloning technique for animals. What is its principle?
39 Are two parents always required for cloning animals? Explain.
40 In cloning techniques, are females or males more important? Why?
41 In nuclear transfer techniques for cloning animals, egg cell fusion is required. Why is egg cell fusion necessary?
42 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cloned animals for drug testing? Do you think it is appropriate?
43 With current technology, is it possible to replicate a person and replace them?
44 How was large-scale gene replication carried out before polymerase chain reaction (PCR) existed?
45 In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the role of primers?
46 How does the length of primer bases affect the production of DNA copies?