1. The top three causes of death in Hong Kong are malignant tumors, pneumonia, and heart disease, whereas globally, they are cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and respiratory diseases. What might explain this difference?
2. What factors influence the top three causes of death in a specific region? List two factors and provide an example of a disease category for each.
3. Tumors are common in older individuals, but not all tumors are fatal. Under what circumstances could a tumor harm the body?
4. Cancer cells are simply cells that divide uncontrollably. Why do they affect human health?
5. Cancer is not necessarily incurable. Under what circumstances can cancer be treated successfully? Provide an example to explain.
6. Cells in the body are constantly renewing, but under normal circumstances, they do not divide excessively (although the mechanism is unclear). Occasionally, errors occur. Based on this information, which cells are most likely to develop cancer? Which are least likely? Explain why.
7. Cervical cancer is not a leading cause of death among cancers, but it is one of the most heavily promoted cancers for prevention and education. Why?
8. Resources are always limited. In your opinion, which diseases should the government prioritize for prevention and treatment? Explain your choice.
9. Traditional cancer treatments have some limitations. Explain these limitations, and based on this information, under what circumstances might doctors stop treatment?
10. Even in the late stages of cancer, some individuals experience miraculous recoveries. What might explain this?
11. What is the principle behind targeted therapy, and why does it cause fewer side effects?
12. Smoking causes cancer, primarily in which parts of the body? What do these locations have in common?
13. Having a family history of a certain cancer does not guarantee an individual will develop it. Provide examples of modifiable factors that can reduce the risk.
14. Explain the cause of death in coronary heart disease. Based on this, propose some methods to prevent coronary heart disease.
15. For otherwise healthy individuals, what might cause sudden cardiac death during exercise? Based on this, suggest methods to prevent sudden cardiac death.
16. Diabetes can lead to the following symptoms. Explain their causes:
(1) Weight loss
(2) Glucose in urine
(3) Frequent urination
17. Diabetic individuals may experience low blood sugar levels during exercise. Explain why this happens.
18. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients can still produce insulin. Why, in some cases, is insulin injection used to lower blood sugar levels?
19. Diabetes can be managed. Propose three methods and explain them.
20. Based on current knowledge, why does exercise reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes?
21. Exercise does not always promote health. Provide two examples to illustrate how exercise might worsen physical health.
22. Switching to a protein-based diet is one method of controlling blood sugar. Explain the underlying principle and the potential side effects.