How do you define "health"? Are there standard indicators, such as running 100 meters within 15 seconds?
Are introverted people considered unhealthy?
Are infectious diseases always caused by pathogens?
Are infectious diseases always caused by microorganisms?
What are the strategic differences between preventing infectious and non-infectious diseases?
What is the difference between transmission via droplets and transmission via air? Aren't droplets also present in the air?
Smallpox, caused by the smallpox virus, is classified as airborne and is highly contagious. How can it be prevented?
How does the survival mechanism of viruses within body cells differ from other pathogens?
Viruses have the simplest structure and must parasitize other cells. Does this mean viruses were the first life forms on Earth due to their simplicity? Explain.
Some viruses parasitize bacteria, collectively known as "bacteriophages." Why are these viruses ineffective against humans?
Different pathogens affect different organisms or tissues within the same organism differently. Why is this the case?
How does the mechanism by which viruses cause illness differ from other pathogens?
Viruses cannot replicate outside of cells and must infect other cells parasitically. Why can't viruses replicate outside of cells? (Hint: This involves genes.)
After infecting human cells, viruses use the host cell's metabolic processes to replicate. How would drugs targeting these metabolic processes affect the human body?
Some viruses use RNA (instead of DNA like most organisms) as their genetic material. When such viruses infect human cells, they must first undergo a metabolic process. What is this process? Do you agree that drugs targeting this process theoretically won't affect human cells?
Highly infectious and highly lethal viruses, if used as biological weapons, what do you estimate their impact would be?
AIDS, caused by the HIV virus, is a low-infectivity, long-latency, fatal disease. Ebola, caused by the Ebola virus, is a high-infectivity, short-latency, fatal disease. Which do you think has a greater impact on the survival of humanity?
Viruses are non-living particles of organic molecules. Explain.
Among the following measures, which may not effectively prevent colds? Why?
(1) Frequent handwashing
(2) Staying in well-ventilated areas
Why do the following behaviors easily spread droplet-transmitted pathogens?
(1) Being in an elevator
(2) Eating hotpot
Based on different modes of transmission, what do you think are the key preventive measures?
(1) Droplets
(2) Airborne
(3) Foodborne
(4) Waterborne
(5) Vector-borne
(6) Bodily fluids
(7) Direct contact
Practically, how are pathogens in droplets transmitted from an infected person to others? How many possible pathways exist?
Why can't antibiotics be used to treat viral diseases (e.g., the common cold)?
Do antibiotics damage human cells? This depends on the mechanism by which the antibiotic inhibits microorganisms. What type of inhibition mechanism does not harm human cells?
Since antibiotics may be harmless to humans, why is overuse of antibiotics (antibiotic misuse) not advisable? Explain.