Araneae

The most diverse group within arachnids, with more than 51478 species described. Widely distributed in all terrestrial ecosystems, except in Antarctica. They have a very important ecological significance as generalist predators since they control the populations of insects and other arthropods, small vertebrates, and it has been recorded that some consume nectar from certain plants. Some families have nocturnal habits (e.g. Araneidae) and other families have diurnal habits (e.g. Salticidae). 

The body is divided into two well-differentiated regions (prosoma and opisthosoma), in the prosoma can be distinguished four pairs of legs, a pair of chelicerae, a pair of palps, and the eyes (Generally eight eyes, but some families may have a reduced number of eyes or be absent). 

In the opisthosoma can be found, the book lungs or tracheae to oxygenate the body, and in the posterior margin, the spinners were the silk glands flow, with which spiders weave their webs, caves, nests, and other structures. 

The females present the genitalia (Epigyne) area in the opisthosoma, while males present the reproductive organ in the palps. 

The chelicerae have a fang through which the venom glands are emptied and serve to immobilize their prey and carry out digestion, which is external. Also, serves as a defense mechanism. 

The size they present is highly variable, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Likewise, spiders of the suborder Araneomorphae have a longevity between one and three years, while those of the order Mygalomorphae can live up to approximately 25 years. 

• Spider families reported for the department of Córdoba, Colombia:

Family Agelenidae

Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)  (Sheet web weavers) 

Family Araneidae

Alpaida bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Orb web weavers) 

Alpaida variabilis (Keyserling, 1864) (Orb web weavers)

Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Orb web weavers) 

Araneus guttatus (Keyserling, 1865) (Orb web weavers) 

Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Orb web weavers) 

Cyclosa bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1841) (Orb web weavers) 

Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850) (Orb web weavers) 

Eustala illicita (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Orb web weavers) 

Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orb web weavers)

Mecynogea infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Orb web weavers)

Metazygia gregalis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Orb web weavers) 

Metazygia pallidula (Keyserling, 1864) (Orb web weavers) 

Micrathena quadriserrata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 Orb web weavers 

Micrathena schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Orb web weavers) 

Micrathena sexspinosa (Hahn, 1822) (Orb web weavers) 

Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) (Orb web weavers) 

Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) Orb web weavers 

Verrucosa tuberculata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 (Orb web weavers) 

Family Ctenidae

Ancylometes bogotensis (Keyserling, 1877) (Other hunters) 

Family Hersiliidae

Neotama mexicana (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893)

Family Oecobiidae

Oecobius concinnus Simon, 1893 (Sensing web weavers)

Oecobius navus Blackwall, 1859 (Sensing web weavers)

Family Oxyopidae

Oxyopes salticus Hentz, 1845 (Other hunters) 

Peucetia macroglossa Mello-Leitão, 1929 (Other hunters) 

Family Pholcidae

Mesabolivar eberhardi Huber, 2000 (Space web weavers)

Family Salticidae

Acragas peckhami (Chickering, 1946) (Other hunters) 

Anasaitis canalis (Chamberlin, 1925) (Other hunters) 

Breda lubomirskii (Taczanowski, 1878) (Other hunters) 

Bryantella smaragda (Crane, 1945) (Other hunters) 

Ceriomura momilensis Suarez-Martinez, Nadal, Bedoya-Roqueme & Quirós-Rodríguez, 2022 (Other hunters) 

Colonus pallidus (C. L. Koch, 1846) (Other hunters) 

Colonus pseustes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) (Other hunters) 

Corythalia brevispina (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) (Other hunters) 

Corythalia electa (Peckham & Peckham, 1901) (Other hunters) 

Corythalia spiralis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) (Other hunters) 

Cyllodania bicruciata Simon, 1902 (Other hunters) 

Eustiromastix spinipes (Taczanowski 1871) (Other hunters) 

Frigga crocuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Other hunters) 

Frigga pratensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) (Other hunters) 

Gastromicans levispina (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) (Other hunters) 

Gypogyna forceps Simon, 1900 (Other hunters) 

Helvetia albovittata Simon, 1901 (Other hunters) 

Jollas  geniculatus Simon, 1901 (Other hunters) 

Jollas pompatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1894) (Other hunters) 

Leptofreya ambigua (C. L. Koch, 1846) (Other hunters) 

Lurio solennis (C. L. Koch 1846) (Other hunters) 

Lyssomanes amazonicus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889 (Other hunters) 

Lyssomanes bitaeniatus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889 (Other hunters) 

Lyssomanes remotus G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1896 (Other hunters) 

Lyssomanes unicolor (Taczanowski, 1871) (Other hunters) 

Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) (Other hunters) 

Metacyrba punctata (Peckham & Peckham, 1894) (Other hunters)

Metacyrba venusta (Chickering, 1946) (Other hunters) 

Pachomius dybowskii (Taczanowski 1872) (Other hunters) 

Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) (Other hunters) 

Psecas euoplus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Other hunters) 

Sarinda armata (G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1892) (Other hunters) 

Semiopyla cataphracta Simon, 1901 (Other hunters)

Scopocira dentichelis Simon, 1900 (Other hunters) 

Tanybelus aeneiceps Simon 1902 (Other hunters) 

Titanattus cretatus Chickering, 1946 (Other hunters) 

Xanthofreya albosignata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) (Other hunters) 

Family Scytodidae

Scytodes longipes Lucas, 1844 (Other hunters) 

Family Selenopidae

Selenops cocheleti Simon, 1880 (Ambush hunters)

Family Tetragnathidae

Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer, 1841) (Orb web weavers) 

Family Theraphosidae

Hapalopus formosus Ausserer, 1875 (Sensing web weavers)

Xenesthis immanis (Ausserer, 1875) (Sensing web weavers)

Family Thomisidae

Misumenops  pallens (Keyserling, 1880) (Ambush hunters)

Misumenops  pallidus (Keyserling, 1880) (Ambush hunters)

Misumessus quinteroi Edwards, 2017 (Ambush hunters)

Titidius galbanatus (Keyserling, 1880) (Ambush hunters)

Tmarus ineptus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892 (Ambush hunters)

Tmarus morosus Chickering, 1950 (Ambush hunters)

Family Trachelidae

Trachelopachys magdalena Platnick, 1975

Family Zodariidae

Leprolochus spinifrons Simon, 1893 (Specialists)