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SYLLABUS CONTENT
How do the systems of the body influence and respond to movement?
Explain the interrelationship between the skeletal and muscular systems and movement
Including:
structure and function
major bones and synovial joints
joint actions
major muscles
characteristics and functions of muscle fibres
types of muscle contractions
muscle relationship
ANATOMICAL UNDERSTANDING
Before we can begin identifying bones, muscles and joints, we first need to understand the anatomical position and directional terms.
In anatomy, descriptions of the human body assume a specific stationary position, called the anatomical position. The anatomical position refers to the positioning of the body with the person standing upright, facing forward with their hands down by their sides with palms facing forward, and legs parallel.
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Anatomical directional terms describe the locations of body structures relative to each other. These terms are typically used in paired relationships, helping to clarify the positioning of one part of the body in relation to another.
Superior - Towards the head
(e.g. the chest is superior to the hips)
Inferior - Towards the feet
(e.g. the foot is inferior to the leg)
Anterior – Towards the front half of the body
(e.g. the phalanges are anterior to the tarsals)
Posterior – Towards the back half of the body (e.g. the spine is posterior to the heart)
Medial – Towards the midline of the body
(e.g. the big toe is on the medial side of the foot)
Lateral – Towards the side of the body
(e.g. the radius is lateral to the sternum)
Proximal – Nearest to the trunk/origin point
(e.g. the elbow is proximal to the wrist).
Distal – Further or distant from the trunk
(e.g. the elbow is distal to the shoulder)
Superficial – Towards the surface of the body
(e.g. the skin is superficial to the bones).
Deep – Towards the centre of the body
(e.g. the heart is deep to the ribcage).
BUILD YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Page 171-172 of the Cambridge textbook
ACTIVITY: Directional Terms
Students break into two teams. The first team identifies two points on the body (first the anchor point, then the directional point) and marks them in the anatomical position with sticky notes.
The other team then must identify which term best describes the directional point’s positioning in relation to the anchor point. Students must justify their choice to the class.
For example, if my anchor point is the hamstring and my directional point is the quadricep, the quadricep would be anterior to the hamstring.
ACTIVITY - Directional Terms
Click on the image and complete the quiz to test your understanding.
BODY PLANES
The body can be divided up into three planes of reference:
Saggital (lateral) plane
The vertical plane that divides the body into left and right. (Forward or backward movement, e.g. kicking a football, chest pass in netball, walking, jumping, squatting)
Transverse (axial) plane The horizontal plane that divides the body into top and bottom. (Rotates around an axis, e.g. discus throw, golf swing)
Coronal (frontal) plane
The vertical plane that divides the body into front and back (Lateral movement, side to side, e.g. jumping jacks)
WRITING TASK - RESPONSE WRITING
WRITING TASK - RESPONSE WRITING
CUBE the following question. Then use your verb sheet and ALARM matrix to formulate a response.
Describe two body planes and provide examples of movements conducted on each.
4 marks
WRITING TASK - GLUE
WRITING TASK - GLUE
Assess your response by applying the GLUE method. Highlight the following:
Green - Specific verb requirements/language
Pink - Links to the question
Orange - Syllabus-specific content
Yellow - Examples
Award yourself a mark out of 4.
Annotate what you did well and areas for improvement.
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