How do the systems of the body influence and respond to movement?

• Explain the interrelationship between the skeletal and muscular systems and movement

Including:

• • structure and function

  • major bones and synovial joints

  • joint actions

  • major muscles

  • characteristics and functions of muscle fibres

  • types of muscle contractions

  • muscle relationship

• Outline the interrelationship between biomechanical principles and the muscles, bones and joints of the body for safe movement

Including:

• • how biomechanical principles are applied to human movement, including motion, balance and stability, fluid mechanics and force

  • how biomechanical principles can be used to enhance safe movements

  • how biomechanical principles can be used to increase movement efficiency

• Explain the interrelationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems and movement

Including:

• • structure and function

  • pulmonary and systemic blood circulation and gaseous exchange

  • factors that impact on the efficiency of the cardiovascular system

• Explain the interrelationship between the digestive and endocrine systems and movement, including structure and function and factors that impact on the efficiency of the systems

• Explain the interrelationship between the nervous system and movement, including structure and function

• Demonstrate and analyse how the systems of the body work together in a variety of movements

• Discuss the role first aid plays in response to movement

What factors influence movement and performance?

• Analyse the ATP-PCr, Glycolytic (Lactic Acid) and Aerobic energy systems of the body including fuel source and efficiency of ATP production, duration, intensity and rate of recovery, causes of fatigue and interplay of the energy systems

• Explain the role nutrition plays in enabling the energy systems to function efficiently, including macronutrient and micronutrient requirements of active people

• Compare the difference between aerobic and anaerobic training for individuals and group sports, including differentiated training programs and contemporary methods of training

• Design an aerobic or anaerobic training program based on the FITT principle

• Explain the immediate physiological responses to training, heart rate, ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and lactate levels

• Investigate the physiological responses in relation to aerobic training

Including:

• • creating a research question

  • selecting a method to collect data

  • discussing the ethical considerations of the methods chosen

  • discussing the validity, reliability and credibility of data collection

  • presenting findings and drawing conclusions

  • identifying further research questions that could be explored

• Debate the purpose and outcomes of testing physical fitness for different groups in the population

How are movement skills acquired, developed and improved?

• Apply an understanding of how movement skills are acquired, developed and improved for recreational and elite athletes

Including:

• • characteristics of learners

  • stages of learning/skill acquisition

  • characteristics of motor skills, including gross and fine, continuous, discrete and serial, open and closed, self-paced and externally paced

  • practice methods for the different stages of learning, including massed, distributed, whole, part, blocked and random

  • performance elements, including decision-making, strategic and tactical development

  • types of feedback for different stages of learning, including task-intrinsic, augmented, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance

• Research how movement skills are acquired, developed and improved in a sport of choice

Including:

• • what does the research tell us about acquiring, developing and improving the movement skill?

  • how is this applied in practice?

  • what further research questions can be proposed to further understand skill development?

What is the relationship between psychology, movement and performance?

• Analyse the relationship between psychology, movement and performance for individuals and groups

Including:

• • how does personal identity affect an individual’s participation and performance in sport?

  • how does motivation support participation, including positive and negative, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

  • why is self-regulation essential for sports performance and exercise behaviour change?

• Investigate how communities of exercise motivate individuals and groups to participate in and improve performance

Including:

• • what are contemporary forms of exercise?

  • how do contemporary forms of exercise encourage group dynamics, group cohesion, social interaction and a sense of belonging?