- Represents action
- Is characterized by वचनम् - Singular (एकवचनम् ) / Plural (बहुवचनम् )
- Takes the same वचनम् as the respective सर्वनामपदम्/नामपदम् (subject) whose action it represents
- Does not have लिङ्गभेदः
- Has tense - past tense (भूतकालः ) , present tense (वर्तमान कालः ), future tense (भविष्यत् कालः) and some others too
- Is differentiated by subject form (Noun) it represents.
- प्रथम पुरुषः (When सर्वनामपदम्/नामपदम् is used in forms like एषः , सा, कुञ्चिका etc )
Ex: सः गच्छति/sah gacchati – He is going
- मध्यम पुरुषः (When नामपदम् takes the forms like तव - you)
- उत्तम पुरुषः (When नामपदम् takes the forms like अहम् - me)
Ex: अहं गच्छामि/aham gacchAmi – I am going
For this level we will concentrate on वर्तमान कालः , प्रथम and उत्तम पुरुषः only