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NEW ENTRY & UPDATES更新ニュース

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March 25, 2025: William Henry Smith.ウィリアム･ヘンリー･スミス。横浜･クラブなどのマネージャー、日本の動植物の採集と輸出

June 26, 2024: Salary of Henry Joyner at Sau Paulo, Brasile.ブラジルでのジョイナーの給料は日本での2倍。See Joyner.

December 4, 2023; New Images of Ly-ee-moon.太平丸/鯉魚門の新たな図像資料. See <Ly-ee-moon>

October 30, 2023: Hugh Bixley Luard. ヒュー･ルアードの項目追加<LUARD, Hugh Bixley>

October 5, 2023: McVean's sketch of HMS Porcupine. 英国海軍ポーキュパイン号のスケッチ画<Porcupine>

OCTOBER 3, 2023: Baillie's Sounding Tool.ベイリー測深計<Baillie>

August 25, 2023: POWNALL, Charles Asheton Whately. 碓氷峠鉄道設計のパウネル

May 13, 2023: Photo of Tsushin KAWANO.河野通信の写真. See <KAWANO Tsushin>

March 17, 2023: Photo of Helen Brodie Cowan Watson.ヘレン・ワトソンの写真. See <WATSON, Robert Boog>

March 16, 2023: Ernest Wetton's Sketch.アーネスト・ウェットンのスケッチ <WETTON, Ernest>

February 22, 2023: Sano Tsunetami.佐野常民. See <Sano Tsunetami>

February 12, 2023: Kawano Michinobu.河野通信の読み方と越智への改姓. See <Kawano TMichinobu>

January 27, 2023: New Information on Lyemonn/Taihei-maru.太平丸/鯉魚門に関する新情報, see <Lyemoon>

January 17, 2023: Murota Hideo's Situation  During Hakodate Rebellion.箱館戦争時の室田秀雄, see <MUROTA Hideo>

December 19, 2022: William Benjamin Mason and His Father. ウィリアム・ベンジャミン・メイソンと彼の父親<MASON, William Benjamin>

December 18, 2022: Hayashi Tadasu's Additional Information. 林董に関する追加情報<Hayashi Tadasu>

November 2, 2022: Jin-Riki-Sya in the McVeans Diaries.マクヴェイン日記中の人力車<JIn-Riki-Sha>

October 21, 2022: Richard Tracey and ONO Masasaku.リチャード･トレーシーと小野正作、海軍操練所

September 1, 2022: Samuel PARRY and John PERRY. サミュエル・パリーとジョン・ペリー

August 24, 2022: Scott Morton, William & Co. スコット・モートン社、エジンバラの家具・内装美術品製造

August 18, 2022: Camera Obsucura.カメラ・オブスクラ

August 10, 2022: Kanrin-maru, a Shogunate battle-ship.幕府海軍艦船「咸臨丸」 

August 7, 2022: Frank Toovey Lake. フランク・トービィ・レイク、イギリス海軍士官

A

ABE Masatake, 1852-1914. Last Daimyo of Fukuyama Domain, Educationist.阿部正桓、第10代福山藩主、教育者

＋広島藩主浅野家に3男として生まれ、福山藩阿部正方の養子となり、10代福山藩主となる。村田文夫とは広島藩時代から親しくしていたらしく、廃藩置県後東京在住になると、村田を通して外国人技術者との接触の機会を持った。金星日面通過観測を行った後、マクヴェインは数回にわたって阿部に夕食会に招待され、関連する科学技術について話をした。この阿部の長男の正直(1916-1969)が気象学者となったのは、このような素地があったからであろう。

--Abe Masatake was born to Asano Daimio family, Hiroshima Domain,  and was adopted into Abe Masakata, Fukuyama Daimio. He obeyed the Imperial government, and was appointed as governor of Fukuyama Domain, and retired at Tokyo after abolition of feudal domains. He was eager to give higher education to children of his family and his former domain. Masatake invited McVean several times to dinner party to talk to western science and technology, and so his son Masanao became meteorologist after graduating the Imperial University of Tokyo.

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1875.

Sunday Mar 14. Wet morning. Dined at Ono’s – one of the P.W.D. commissioners of Railways.

Tuesday Mar 16. Wet day. Japanese party to dinner. R.C., Abé ex Daimio, Ono (Kobusho), Murata, Yamamura, Yoshida, Mei.

Saturday Mar 20. Gloomy cold day. Dined at Abé’s, Murato’s Daimio to meet the R. Co., Jack R. Jones present.

Robert Rowand ANDERSON, 1834 - 1921. ロバート･ロワンド・アンダーソン。エジンバラの建築家、アイオナ修道院の修復を担当

＋19世紀後半から20世紀にかけてスコットランドで活躍した建築家。1870年代、アイオナ修道院の修復工事を担い、マクヴェイン親子と親しくした。法律家の勉学をやめて陸軍工兵学校に入学し、そこで建築に目覚めた。すぐに退役し、エジンバラの職業学校で建築を学び直し、さらに一年間のフランス建築の視察旅行を行った。その後、G.G.スコットの事務所に助手として入所し、1860年にはエジンバラで独立した。得意としたのはゴシック様式の学校建築や歴史的教会の修復であった。

SOURCE

(1) Biography from Dictionary of Scottish Architects

--He became Scotland's leading architect at the end of the 1800s, deploying a wide range of styles ranging from Classical to Scottish Gothic and Scots Baronial. 

--Born in Edinburgh, Anderson initially trained as a lawyer. After completing his professional training he joined the Army, serving with the Corps of Royal Engineers. Here he took an interest in, and began to study, construction and architecture. On leaving the Army, Anderson pursued a course in architecture at the School of the Board of Manufacturers, before spending a year in France and Italy studying and drawing Renaissance and medieval architecture. He then took up a post in England, working as an assistant to the eminent architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. After leaving Scott's office in 1859, Anderson set up an architectural practice in Edinburgh in 1860. 

He achieved immediate success, becoming known particularly for school buildings and church restorations. These were to be a continuing theme of Anderson's work and over the years he was responsible for renovations to, amongst many others, Paisley Abbey, Dunblane Cathedral, Culross Abbey Church and the interior of Dunfermline Abbey Church. 

In 1875 Anderson was successful in the competition for the design of the Edinburgh Medical School. He went on to leave his considerable mark on the face of Edinburgh, being responsible for the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Queen Street; McEwan Hall; the Conservative Club in Princes Street; the Catholic Apostolic Church; and the Dome which tops off Robert Adam's main facade of Edinburgh University. More widely he designed the Central Hotel at Glasgow's Central Station, an extension to Pollok House, and Mount Stuart on the Isle of Bute for the 3rd Marquess of Bute. 

--Sir Robert was knighted for his services to architecture in 1902. His wider renown was reflected in invitations by the Government to produce a design for the Imperial Institute in 1887; for the Queen Victoria Memorial in 1901; and for the extension to the British Museum in 1904. He was also chosen by King Edward V to design alterations at Balmoral Castle. 

In 1916 a dinner was held by the disparate architectural bodies then representing individual Scottish cities to celebrate Sir Robert Rowand Anderson's receipt of the Royal Institute for British Architects (RIBA) Gold Medal. One outcome of the dinner was a series of meetings that led to the establishment of the Institute for Scottish Architects, funded by a gift of £10,500 from Sir Robert himself. The first meeting took place in Edinburgh in 1918, with Sir Robert as founder and first President of the Institute. 

Sir Robert died in 1921, the year before the Institute of Scottish Architects was granted a Royal Charter and became the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS). Premises for the Incorporation were provided by the gift by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson of his town house in Edinburgh's Rutland Square, which remains the RIAS headquarters today.

(2) McVean Diary 1874

William Edwin ANDERSON, 1842 - 1900. ウィリアム・エドウィン・アンダーソン。イギリス海軍医師、明治政府海軍省医師。

＋1873年に来日

SOURCE

(1) 『資料御雇い外国人』

--1873年5月29日、イギリスにおいて雇用契約、海軍省に着任届けの日より3ヶ年。同年10月10日雇い入れ。最初の雇用契約満期後、3ヶ年の再契約。1878年10月13日より無期限雇い継ぎ。1880年1月27日解雇（退職）。他に内務省に1874年5月18日より翌年8月5月18日まで、工部省に1877年8月20日より1ヶ年の兼務。

--

AKAGAWA Katsuichi, 18??-19??.  赤川克一。1871-76工部省工学寮及び測量司技官

＋鈴木重葉と秋吉金徳とともに工部省工学寮及び測量司の最初期の日本人技官の一人。長府藩出身なので山尾の引き立てで河野通信とともに工部省に出仕することになったと思われる。1872年は、Rymer=JonesとGeorge Eatonにから測量を学びつつ、McVeanとJoinerの下で工学寮工学校の建設と江戸城周囲の測量の助手を務めた。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1872

Thursday 18 Apr. Joyner – draft of Building act – Wilson went to Yokohama – List of surveyors and instruments to be forwarded from England – passed – send for same by next mail – Mr Sano gone to Yokohama - Suzuki, Akagawa & c tracing plan.

※上記の1872年McVean日記に登場するSanoは佐野常民Sano Tsunetami、Suzukiは鈴木重葉Suzuki Shigeha、Akagawaは赤川克一Akagawa Katsuichiであり、他には、 Kobayashi(小林八郎Kobayashi Hachiro)、Minami(南清, Minami Kiyoshi)、Saikino(Saeki? 佐伯?)などの名前が登場する。

AKIYOSHI Kintoku, 1844-1923. 秋吉金徳。工部省工学寮及び測量師技官

＋鈴木重葉と赤川克一とともに、工部省工学寮及び測量司の最初期の日本人技官の一人。おそらく幕府作事方の出身。マクヴェインとジョイナーのもとで工学寮工学校の工事管理、焼失銀座日本橋地区の再開発計画作成、旧江戸城測量などに従事した。マクヴェイン日記には名前は登場しない。1874年3月にボアンヴィルが工学寮大学校の設計を始めると、彼の元で工部省建築営繕の専従となった。

SOURCE

(1) 日本近代建築人名総覧（堀勇良）

・生没：(1844.11.20)-1923.01.14.  武蔵国豊島郡下谷柳原

・経歴：1871年10月工部省測量司出仕、雇技師英国人マクビン氏に随って旧西丸城内及京橋から新橋に至る市街の測量に従事し次て旧工部大学校新築の際には，雇技師英国人ジヨイネル氏に就き、其建築製図に従事。測量司十四等出仕、測量司十三等出仕、測量少手心得。1874年1月12日、工部省製作寮少手心得、製作少属、1880年頃迄鉱山寮勤務。1884年宮内四等属、1886年文部省属

(2) 梅若実日記

22日　晴。89度。大暑后6時23分。6月中後6時20分。

1.大工二人、鳶二人、左官二人、ブリキ二人。

1.夕より秋吉金徳へ普請の挨拶に参り金三円の鰹節切手遣す。

ASONUMA Jiro, 1850-1920. 阿曽沼次郎。旧長州藩から測量司に出仕。測量司・工学寮の最初の技官/見習の一人

＋工部省測量司の測量学校第一期見習の一人。1873年11月に工学校が開校すると、そちらに入学した。

SOURCE

(1)

ARAI Ikunosuke, 1836-1909. 荒井郁之助。幕府海軍技官、開拓使最初の技官

+最期の幕府海軍奉行として、榎本武揚に従い箱館戦争まで明治政府軍に抗戦した。大鳥圭介に率いられた陸軍は、東北諸藩と合流しながら箱館に向かった。しばしの謹慎後、榎本と一緒に荒井は開拓使に出仕し、測量部門を担当した。1876年に開拓使を辞職し、暫く文筆業を勤めた後、内務省地理寮に出仕、初代の中央気象台台長を務めた。地理寮にはかつての同士だった小林一知がおり、小林が誘ったのだと思われる。

+Arai studied engineering at the Shogunate school, and last commander-general of the Shogunate navy. He protested the Imperial army until 1869 at Hakodate together with Takeaki Enomoto, Keisuke Ooshima, Kazutomo Kobayashi, etc. After punished in prison sometimes, he entered into government service, first in Kaitaku-shi (Hokaido Development Agency), then Home Ministry.

＋荒井は、皇居における1874年12月の金星日面通過観測を担当したと言われるが、実は、御殿山でマクヴェインが実施した同観測事業にも顔を見せている。写真に写っているのである。日面通過は11時頃から3時間ほど続き、この間、ずっと明治天皇がいたとは考えられない。おそらく天皇派は最初の数分間だけ望遠鏡をのぞき帰って行き、手持ち無沙汰になった荒井は、御殿山の方にやってきたのではないだろうか。そこには旧知の小林一知や室田秀雄がいた。

-Arai participated in the 1874 Venus Observation on Goteyama together with Kazutomo Kobayashi. He was responsible for survey and various observations in the Hokkaido Development Agency, and discharged Murray S. Day (1840-1884), chief surveyor from his agency in the end of 1875. Arai and Kobayashi of the Home Affairs were leaders of the Anti-Foreigners Party.

SOURCE

(1) 

B.

Charles William BAILLIE, 1844-1899. チャールズ･ウィリアム・ベイリー。イギリス海軍士官Royal Navy、水域測量、海洋気象、日本海軍兵学校測量教師

・1873年に明治政府海軍兵学寮兵へイギリスが派遣したダグラス教育顧問団（団長アーキバルド･ルシアス･ダグラスArchibald Lucius Douglas）の一人で、1873年7月末に来日した。1874年5月にマクヴェインが一時帰国から戻ると、彼らは築地で教育を始めていた。このベイリーとダグラスは夫妻でよくマクヴェイン家に来ており、公私にわたり深い交流があった。ベイリーは測量教育の一環として気象観測や天体観測も教えて、実際、マクヴェイン日記に述べられているように定期気象観測を始めていた。同じ海軍内部であり、柳楢悦の海軍水路局観象台に対してベイリーは何らかの指導をしていたと思われる。

・出典（3）によれば、ベイリーは1871年に北アメリカ・ステーション勤務を終え、すぐにチャイナ・ステーションのシルヴィア号に乗船したことになっている。ウィリアム・マックスウェルとはすれ違いであったが、二人は旧知の間柄だった（出典6）。北アメリカ・ステーション勤務時、既存の測深器Sounderを改良し、新たな測深器を発明したといわれる。その見本をロンドンの海軍水域測量局本部に送ったところ、1874年からチャレンジャー号海洋探検隊で試用された（出典7）。以上のことから、ベイリーは、1873年にシルヴィア号を下船し、結婚するとともにダグラスに誘われて兵学寮教師として再び日本にやってきたことになる。1879年に日本から戻るとロンドンの気象事務所Meteorological Officeに勤務し、海洋気象部長を歴任した（出典8）。さて、この優秀な人物が水路局の柳楢悦とはどんな関係だったのであろうか（Revised in October 15, 2023）。

・『水路部沿革史』にはシルビア号の測量士官べーリーという人物から製図指導を受けたことが記されており、間違いなくこのチャールズ・ベイリーである。

SOURCE出典

(1) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 60, p.313

Charles William Baillie was born at Greenwich 1844 June 26, and was the son of the late Henry Robert Baillie, of Queen's Home, Greenwich Hospital, and grandson of the late Jonathan Baillie, Paymaster R.N. He entered the Navy in 1859, obtained his commission as navigating sub-lieutenant in 1864, and was promoted to navigating lieutenant in 1870. He was detailed on surveying duties in various parts of the world, and in 1870 he became a first-class assistant surveyor. Whilst he was on the North American station, about 1871, he invented his sounding machine, which is still in use. It is a modification of the apparatus known as the " Hydra " machine, so named because it was constructed by the blacksmith on H.M.S. Hydra. It was used in the Challenger expedition, and is described in Sir Wyville Thomson's Cruise of H.M.S. “Challenger." Whilst Lieutenant Baillie was surveying on the China station on board the Sylvia, under Captain (now Vice-Admiral) St John, he was appointed Director of Naval Studies at the Imperial Naval College at Tokio, Japan, an office which he held during the years 1873-79. It was probably in these years that he picked up the ancient Japanese works on Astronomy, which he presented in 1894 to the Society. In 1879 he was placed on the retired list, and became Assistant Marine Superintendent at the Meteorological Office; on the retirement of Captain Toynbee in 1888, he succeeded him as Marine Superintendent, The principal works which he has carried out in that capacity have been the charts of sea surface temperature, of barometrical pressure, and of currents for all oceans. The discussion of the meteorology of the South Indian Ocean from the Cape of Good Hope to Now Zealand, which is shortly about to appear, has been carried out under Lieutenant Baillie's superintendence, while he had laid down the lines of inquiry to be pursued in the work now in hand at the office—the Meteorology of the Routh Atlantic and of f the Coasts of South America. Lieutenant Baillie married in 1867 Helen, daughter of A. M. Conyers, of Bermuda. He died suddenly M Broadstairs, 1899 June 24, at the age of fifty-five years, leaving a widow and seven children. He was elected a Fellow of this Society 1879 January 10.

(2) ROOT

Charles died in the Thanet district of Kent, England on 24 June 1899.

Birth: Date: 1845

Place: Greenwich, Kent, England

Military Service: Director of Naval Studies at Imperial Naval College of Tokio, Date: 1873-1879

Military Service: promoted to navigating lieutenant, 1870. Entered Navy, 1859.

(3) History of Oceanography: Newsletter of the Commission of Oceanography, Division of History of Science, International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science, Vol.7-Vol.11.

---The Baillie sounder, of the most successful and long-lived of the detaching-weight sounders, outlived its carrier, a man whose many talents have been overlooked in recent times.

Charles William Baillie was born c.1844 and entered the Royal Navy in 1859, being promoted in 1870 to Navigating Lieutenant and First -Class Surveyor. He was serving on HMS Sylvia in the China Seas when he devised his detaching-weight sounder, sending a model and drawing to the Hydrographer of the Royal Navy. On 4 June 1873, Richards, the Hydrographer, instructed the Captain Superintendent at Chatham to prepare an example, and subsequently a number of these sounders were sent out to HMS Challenger. The Baillie sounding tube was far.

(4) Nature, June 29, 1899. Obituary of CHARLES WILLIAM BAILLIE.

---WE regret to have to announce the sudden death, at Broadstairs, on June 24, at the age of fifty-five years, of Naval Lieutenant Charles William Baillie, Marine Superintendent of the Meteorological Office, a post which he had held for eleven years.

---Mr. Baillie was perhaps best known by his sounding machine, which he invented while on the North American Station about 1871, and which is still in use. It is a modification of the apparatus known as the "Hydra " machine. It was used in the Challenger expedition, and is described in Sir W. Thomson’s book, "The Voyage of the Challenger." Lieut. Baillie was much employed in surveying, and while in the Syfuia, under Captain (now Vice-Admiral) St. John, on the China Station, he was selected by the Admiralty to be Director of Nautical Studies at the Imperial Naval College at Tokio, Japan. The results of his teaching are to be seen in the condition of the Japanese Navy at the present day.

---After several years of duty in this important post he returned to England on half-pay. In October 1879 he joined the Meteorological Office, so that he had nearly completed twenty years of service in that institution. The principal works which he has carried out there have been the charts of sea surface temperature, of barometrical pressure, and of currents for all oceans.

---The discussion of the meteorology of the South Indian Ocean, from the Cape of Good Hope to New Zealand, which is shortly about to appear, has been carried out under Lieut. Baillie's superintendence, while he had laid down the lines of inquiry to be pursued in the work now in hand at the office-the " Meteorology of the South Atlantic and of the Coasts of South America." Lieut.

---Baillie was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical and the Royal Astronomical Societies. He married Miss Conyers, of Bermuda, and leaves a numerous family. 

(5) History of Japan' Hydrographic Office水路部沿革史

p.55.1874年の出来事として以下が紹介されている。

釜石港ノ銅板彫刻成ル即チ海図彫刻ノ発端ニシテ松田儀平ノ刻スル所ナリ。然シトモ其図積ハ当事四分一版ニ出ツル能ハス。且ツ其術未タ至ラス、航海用トシテ不完全ナリシハ巳ムラ得サル所ナリキ。

編者曰フ此測量原稿ノ製図ハ大後秀勝ノ擔任スル所ニシテ其製図法ハ同人カ英鑑「シルビア」乗員大尉ベーリーニ就キ懇切ナリ教授ヲ受ケタルニ由ル。爾来狩野家ノ後裔狩野守貴狩野応信等ヲ採用シタルモ皆多少大後ノ指導ヲ受ケ其他ノ製図員モ其指導ヲ受ケタリ。

※釜石港海図作成の経緯を紹介しており、その製図法は以前に「シルビア」号のベーリー大尉から学んだことが述べられている。

Alexander BUCHAN, 1823-1907. アレクサンダー・バッカン. 気象学者Meteorologist.

+When McVean founded the survey office under the Public Works of Meiji government, he felt need meteorological observation within the office. He soon contacted Alexander Bucahn to seek cooperation with the Scottish Meteorological Society. Buchan was well know meteorologist since he wrote several books related to meteorology. Buchan could not reply so soon, because he was busy arranging international congress of the meteorologists representing the Britain in 1873, but finally McVean received letter from Buchan telling the Scottish Meteorological Society would meet memorrundam of cooperation with Japanese government. 

※マクヴェインは明治政府に測量部局を創設する際、気象観測を必須の業務として考えた。アレクサンダー・バッカンは気象学に関する著書があり、マクヴェインはよく知っていた。そこで、山尾と相談し、工部省として彼が事務局長を務めるスコットランド気象協会に技術指導をお願いすることにし、1873年7月に申込み書を出した。当時バッカンはウィーンで開かれている世界気象会議に出席しており、12月になってマクヴェインの申し出に対して全面的に協力する旨の書簡を送ってよこした。

WORKS

(1) Buchan’s “Handy Book of Meteorology (1867), 

SOURCE

(1) Buchan's Letter to McVean dated December 3, 1873.

Scottish Meteorological Society

                                             Edinburgh 3rd Decr 1873

Sir

I have the honour to inform you that at a Meeting of Council of the Scottish Meteorological Society held this day you were unanimously elected an Ordinary Member of the Society.

                                                                             I remain

                                                                         Sir

                                                                             Yours faithfully

                                                                             Thomas Stevenson. Hony Secy*25

Colin A. McVean, Esq

Report of the Hal-Yearly General Meeting of The Society, Held at Edinburgh on 29th January 1874.

  An application has been made to the Council by Mr. Colin A. M'Vean, on behalf of the Government of Japan, for advice regarding the establishment of a system of meteorological observations in Japan. In answer to this application, the Council forwarded a memorandum regarding suitable instruments, their position, hours of observation, the establishment of a central observatory, inspection of stations, publications, and special observations of storms.

(2) McVean's Diary 1873

In December 20, received letter from Captain Parr & Shand – also from Buchan Secretary Meteorological Society of Scotland - informing me I had been elected a member - & inclosing memo – on the establishment of Metro Stations in Japan- also reports of Society.”

Helen Brodie Cowan BANNERMAN, 1862-1946. ヘレン・ブロディ・コーワン・バナーマン. Children's book writer. Helen Brodie Watson before Marriage to Robert Watson.

+Her biography can be found in quit many media such as wikipedia, the national biography, etc. She was a writer of children's books, mostly well-known work is "Little Black Sambo." Her mother, Janet Cowan was the daughter of Alexander Cowan, papermaker in Penicuik, married Robert Watson, minister of the Free-church and biologist. Robert was a close friend of Charles Wyville Thomson,  professor  of biology in the University of Edinburgh, and participated into the Challengers Expedition as a member of the scientific committee. So, Helen was grown up with a large number of marine mollusks, and moved to Cowan's mansion at the Royal Court at age of 12. She studied at the Saint Andrew's University, and married to Robert Watson. Alexander Cowan was a great supporter of the freechurch movement. The Challenger's Expedition called on Japan to meet  Colin McVean.

※『ちびくろサンボ』の著者であるヘレンは、マクヴェインの姪に当たる。妻のマリー・ウッドの姉ジャネットとロバート・ボーグ・ワトソンの間に長女として生まれた。ロバートはフリーチャーチの牧師でありながら海洋生物学者であり、エジンバラ大学教授チャールズ・ワイヴィル・トムソンとは研究仲間。ロバートはチャレンジャー号には乗船しなかったが、海洋軟体動物調査の学術委員を務めた。チャレンジャー号の測量・気象担当としてヘンリー・ティザードが乗船し、スコットランド気象協会からマクヴェインの気象観測を支援するように要請されていた。チャレンジャー号の日本寄航の目的の一つは、日本の気象観測に協力することだった。マクヴェイン夫妻が1876年に帰国し、エジンバラのコーワン家マンションに滞在していたとき、このヘレンが海外勤務中の両親から離れでここで生活し市内の学校に通っていた。彼女はその後セント・アンドリュース大学に進み、最初の女子入学生となった。医師のバナーマンと結婚し、インド植民地医官となった。彼女は娘のために童話を執筆し、その一つが『ちびくろサンボ』で、エジンバラで出版された。マクヴェインの長男のドナルドも、20世紀前半、陸軍士官としてインドに滞在しており、従姉弟同士の交流があったのであろう。

SOURCE

(1) Roger Jeffrey ed., India in Edinburgh 1750 to the Present,  2019.

1. William Burney Bannerman (1858-1924) and Helen Brodie Cowan Bannerman (1862-1946)

--Helen Brodie Cowan Watson was born at 35 Royal Terrace, Edinburgh, the eldest daughter of Robert Boog Watson (1823-1910)。 minister of the Free Church of Scotland, and his wife Janet (1831-1912). After 10 years spent in Madeira, where her father had been Minister at the Scottish church, the family returned to Edinburgh. She was educated at Miss OHphant's school sat external examinations and was made an LLA (lady literate in arts) by St Andrews University in 1887.

--In 1889 she married William Burney Bannerman (Edinburgh Academy [EA] 1869-76), the third son of James Bannerman (1807-68) and (David) Anne Douglas (1819-79). He was born at 7 Clarendon Crescent: his father was Professor of Theology at the Free Church College. William studied medicine at Edinburgh University, graduating MIB ChB in 1881. He joined the Indian Medical Service in 1883, and rose steadily through the ranks, despite several bouts of ilness.、 He sent skulls to William Turner. William and Helen lived in India until he retired as a major-general in 1918. They had four children: Janet Cowan Watson (1893-1976)。 Davie Anne Douglas (1896-1976). James Patrick (1900-155: EA 1908-?) and Robert Boog Watson (1902-88: EA 1910-?).

--Helen Bannerman is best known for her book, Little Black Sambo, written to amuse her two daughters during a journey from Kodaikanal to Madras. Published first in England in 1899 and then in the United States the following year, it tells the story of a little boy who is forced to surrender his clothing and his umbrella to four tigers so as to avoid being eaten by them. However, it is Little Black Sambo who has the last laugh when the tigers begin fighing among themselves and ultimately chase each other around a tree until they are transformed into a pool of ghee. Helen illustrated the book herself in watercolour and bound it into a smal

Felice BEATO, 1832-1909, フェリーチェ・ ベアト。Photographer.写真家

※1868年6月にマクヴェインが横浜居住開始するとともに、写真撮影を通して親しくしていたはずであるが、マクヴェイン文書のどこにも一度も登場しない。Illustrated London Newsにマクヴェインは記事と図版を提供していたこともあり、ワーグマンとも親しくしていたと思われるが、ワーグマンも登場しない。不思議である。マクヴェインは写真撮影に関してはブラックとしていた。マクヴェイン、ベアト、ブラックともフリーメイソン会員。

SOURCE

(1) Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography, Routledge, 2007.

*Biography

  Despite extensive research in recent decades, the birth and death details of Felice Beato continue to elude scholars. Current research indicates he was born on Corfu about 1834 and first trained as an assistant photographer to his brother-in-law James Robertson in the mid-1850s in Constantinople (now Istanbul). From 1855, he was active at the Crimean War and thereafter visited Malta, Jerusalem, and Egypt, before embarking for Calcutta in early 1858. Closely associated with the British military class, he recorded several colonial conflicts including the aftermath of the Sepoy Rebellion in India (1858) and the Anglo-French campaign in Northern China (1860). In the following years, he returned to war photography joining the military campaigns to Shimonoseki, Japan (1864), Korea (1871), Sudan (1885) and Burma (1886). An accomplished topographical and architectural photographer, excelling in multi-pan panoramas, Beato also had a formative role in establishing the scenic 'view,' as well as the street and studio-based 'costumes' of early Japanese photography. In later life, he produced a similar portfolio of photographs during an equally lengthy residence in Burma, where he possibly died around 1908. For over fifty years into the early twentieth century, Beato's photographs of Asia constituted the standard imagery of travel diaries, illustrated newspapers, and other published accounts, and thus helped shape 'Western' notions of several Asian societies. 

*BEATO, FELICE (c. 1834-1906) Corfu-born photographer and merchant of British nationality

  Despite Felice Beato's reputation as a pioneer war and travel photographer, many aspects of his life and background remain unknown. At a meeting of the Lon-don and Provincial Photographic Association, he was described as "a Venetian by birth, but now a naturalised Englishman," however no firm evidence has emerged to substantiate this claim of `Italian' birth. Current re-search indicates that he was born on the island of Corfu around 1834.

  Like his brother Antonio Beato, Felice obtained his knowledge of photography in the mid-1850s from his brother-in-law James Robertson, chief engraver of the Imperial Mint in Constantinople. The correspondence of the French military artist Jean-Charles Langlois pro-vides the earliest known reference of his photographic activities. In a letter from the Crimea, dated 30 April 1856, Langlois noted the presence of Robertson's assistant at work photographing the stationed troops: "We believed that the figure was not Robertson himself, but his first student, a replacement?' A few days later Langlois confirmed the identity of this assistant with evident disdain for his work: "Certainly this M. Beato is no artist:' While this judgment perhaps reflects Beato's inexperience in the field, his formative training in the Crimea enabled him to establish strong ties with the British officer class that would prove invaluable in his future career (see Gartlan). 

  Over the next year Felice Beato continued to work as Robertson's able assistant in several Mediterranean locations as their professional relationship gradually transformed into a collaborative partnership. En route for London in September 1856, Robertson left an assistant in Malta to manage his operation, and once again, Beato was almost certainly delegated this task. On 3 March 1857, Robertson and his two brothers-in-law, Felice and Antonio Beato, registered their arrival in Jerusalem at the British Consulate. Given that the prints taken thereafter in Jerusalem, Athens, Constantinople and Egypt were signed either 'Robertson and Beato' or later 'Robertson, Beato & Co.' (unlike the former accreditation of prints to Robertson alone), Felice Beato appears to have gained some recognition from his elder mentor for his contribution to the enterprise's success.

  Beato began his own independent photographic career on his embarkation for Calcutta in early 1858. He travelled widely through northern India, photographing the embattled buildings still evident months after the Sepoy Rebellion at Lucknow, Delhi, and Cawnpore (now Kanpur), and preparing a portfolio of architectural views of Agra, Benares, and Amritsar. His gruesome photographs of the Lucknow massacre, in which the exhumed remains of numerous Indian insurgents lie strewn on the city streets, established his penchant for battlefield scenes showing the dishevelled victims of British military action. Among the earliest photographs to portray corpses on the battlefield (although like Alexander Gardner, Beato certainly 'arranged' his war scenes), these images differed markedly from the earlier absence of corpses in the Crimean War photographs of Roger Fenton and James Robertson. In subsequent years, Beato accompanied military forces as a war photographer in China (1860), Japan (1864), Korea (1871), the Sudan (1885) and Burma (1886). From July 1858 to December 1859, Antonio Beato assisted his brother in the management of a studio in Calcutta until he returned to Egypt to eventually open his own studio at Luxor in 1862.

  On 26 February 1860, Beato left Calcutta for Hong Kong to join the Anglo-French forces gathering in readiness for a retaliatory campaign to North China. Over the next eight months, he assembled a comprehensive record of the campaign, from the first encampment at Kowloon to the final destructive events in Beijing. Beato displayed his enthusiasm for battlefield scenery soon after the allied forces captured the strategic Dagu forts on 21 August 1860. The memoirs of the military surgeon, Dr. David Field Rennie, provide some insight into Beato's eagerness on the battlefront:

  I passed into the fort and a distressing scene of carnage disclosed itself; frightful mutilations and groups of dead and dying meeting the eye in every direction... Signor Beato was here in great excitement, characterising the group as "beautiful," and begging that it might not be interfered with until perpetuated by his photographic apparatus, which was done a few minutes afterwards. (Rennie, 112) 

  Gathered into albums in chronological order, these photographs were sold to numerous British officers and soldiers in the course of the campaign. Although the experienced photographer Antoine Fauchery also accompanied the French forces, Beato's portfolio constitutes the only substantive photographic record of the campaign and includes the earliest known photographs of Beijing. 

  Soon after his arrival in London in October 1861, Beato sold the rights to his India and China images to the commercial publisher Henry Herring. The following summer, Herring exhibited the portfolios at his Regent Street premises, though he planned to market the collection primarily by mail subscription. While the commercial success of this venture was probably modest, Herring's subscription list provides scholars with a valuable resource for the study of Beato's India and China portfolios (for reproduction see Harris, Of Bartle and Beauty, 177-180).

  During the Anglo-French campaign in China, Beato met the British artist and Illustrated London News correspondent Charles Wirgman. A resident of Yokohama since May 1861, it was probably at Wirgman's instigation that Beato decided to first visit Japan. By 13 July 1863, as Wirgman noted in one of his regular columns, Beato's photographs were already attracting attention in Yokohama: "my house is inundated with Japan officers, who come to see my sketches and my companion Signor B-'s photographs?' (ILN, 26 September 1863, 303) Between 1864 and 1867, the two colleagues operated the influential firm of 'Beato and Wirgman, Artists and Photographers.' Beato was primarily responsible for popularising the practice that would become a hallmark of the Yokohama photographic industry: the hand-co-loured albumen print. He travelled extensively through-out Japan, on occasion accompanying ambassadorial delegations in order to gain access to regions otherwise restricted to foreigners. Although he continued to serve as a war photographer, accompanying the punitive expedition to Shimonoseki in 1864, his topographical and studio genre work predominated in the 1860s.

  On 26 November 1866, a devastating fire destroyed Beato's photographic studio and stock along with most of Yokohama. This disaster stymied Beato's desire to send the Bengal Photographic Society "a set of views, not only of scenery in Japan, but also of native portraits in cartes-de-visite, illustrative of the different dresses, customs, and habits of the people." (Journal of the Bengal Photographic Society, March 1867, 25) Despite this setback, Beato quickly rebuilt his portfolio and only five months after the fire, the Bengal Photo-graphic Society received "an Album of Photographic views and costumes taken in China and Japan, chiefly by Cigni Bento of Yokoham[a]." (JBPS, March 1867, 5) Over the next year, Beato continued to rebuild an inventory of Japanese 'views' and 'costumes' published in various leather-bound album formats, often with the embossed cover title Vues du Japan or Views of Japan (Bibliotheque nationale, Paris). One superb example preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, and published in 1868 with the title Photographic Views of Japan by Signor F Beato, with Historical and De-scriptive Notes, Compiled from Authentic Sources, and Personal Observations During a Residence of Several Years, consists of two volumes containing respectively 101 untinted views and 100 hand-tinted genre subjects. As the title suggests, a lengthy printed caption accompanied each print, attesting to the album's instructive  function at a time of few first-hand, European-language accounts of Japan. Beato not only established the range of typical subjects and practices followed by his successors, but also trained several leading photographers of the next generation, most notably Kusakabe Kimbei and Baron Raimund von Stillfried. Although the studio of F Beato & Co., located at No. 17 on the Bund, continued to operate from 1869 until 1877, Beato's own photographic activities declined as he delegated further responsibility for the studio's operations to his assistants. Nonetheless, he accompanied the American naval expedition to Korea as official photographer in mid- I 871, and, despite the meteoric rise of Baron von Stillfried and other competitors, continued to maintain a high professional reputation. The traveller Elizabeth Amy Cathcart Payne could still note in her diary on 8 November 1874: "We also had our photos taken by Beato, accounted the best photographer in Japan:' (Con-nie Keat (editor), Amy's Diaries: The Travel Notes of Elizabeth Amy Cathcart Payne, 1869-1875, Morwell, Australia, 1995, 52.)

  Yet aside from such occasional photographic activities, Beato was increasingly preoccupied after 1869 with other financial projects, culminating in the sale of his studio and inventory to Stillfried & Andersen in January 1877. A popular resident known for his eccentric personality, Beato enjoyed the local horse races, game shooting, and other social pastimes of treaty port life. During a brief visit to London, he continued to move in Yokohama circles, dining with "quite a Japanese party" of former residents on 5 November 1871 (Schmidt, p.200). He was one of several financiers responsible for establishing the Grand Hotel in Yokohama and was regularly caricatured in Wirgman's illustrated magazine the Japan Punch. In December 1875, Beato's ambitions expanded to the opening of a general store at No. 57, Yokohama. According to the Japan Herald, this venture epitomised his entrepreneurial spirit: 

Obedient to the command of the new lessee, Mr. F. Beato, a small army of carpenters took possession, and in a few weeks, some four in all, had raised a new edifice... and now, in all the glare of bright paint and paper, the new premises assert themselves to every passer-by as the depot of the "Yokohama Trading Company," where everything, we are told by the enterprising proprietor, from a gimlet to a bedstead, from a bottle of gin to a hogshead of claret, can be had for about half nothing, or for even less, rather than lose a customer... [Mr. Beato'sl wonderful energy, and his elasticity of spirit in these dull times, are calculated to ensure success. He deserves it. (Japan Herald Mail Sum-mary, 30 December 1875, p.3)

  Success, however, remained elusive. In the end, he lost all his money speculating on the Yokohama silver exchange, and left Japan on 29 November 1884 with his passage paid by friends. While such merchant activities deflected his attention from the studio, Beato made an enduring contribution to photography in Japan, establishing the benchmark in terms of production standards and themes for subsequent studios.

  Five months after his departure from Japan, Beato was again employed as an expedition photographer ac-companying General Wolseley's British campaign to the Sudan. Although he exhibited the photographs in Febru-ary 1886 before members of the London and Provincial Photographic Association, these Sudan photographs have yet to be identified. At a subsequent meeting of this society on 4 March 1886, the secretary announced that "Signor Beano ... had unexpectedly to leave England for Burmah on the first of this month:' (British Journal of Photography, 12 March 1886, p. 167) While the exact date of Beato's arrival in Burma remains conjectural, his prompt departure and expressed destination suggests that he probably settled there before the end of the year. The travel account of George Bird supports this sup-position, affirming that Beato "arrived in Mandalay in 1886:' (Singer, p. 98) He soon established a successful studio marketing architectural views, genre subjects, and other Burmese subjects that furnished the illustrations for several turn-of-the-century travel accounts. From 1895, the Mandalay studio expanded into an emporium of Burmese curios, with a branch office at Rangoon offering ivory carvings, silverware, and other regional merchandise to tourists and an international 'mail-order' clientele. Beato's various enterprises in Rangoon and Mandalay continued to prosper into the early twentieth century, until his final documented listing in Thacker's Indian Directory in 1908. He is thought to have died in Burma about 1908. LUKE GARTLAN

John Reddie BLACK, 1826-1880. ジョン･レディ・ブラック。幕末から明治初期にかけてのジャーナリスト、フリーメイソン

+横浜で『Illustrated London News』の記者から始まり、『ジャパン・ガゼット』、『ファー・イースト』、『ジャパン・ウィーリー・メール』など、明治初期に横浜と東京で英字新聞や雑誌の出版を行った。

＋スコットランドのファイフの英国海軍人の父のところに生まれたが、父と同じ道は進まず、ロンドンで学業を終えると、そこで仕事に就いた。1853年に結婚すると、夫妻でオーストラリア移住を計画。そこでの事業はうまくいかず、歌手としての特技を活かし、英領インドや東アジアの外国人居留地を巡回公演し、横浜にたどり着いた。横浜で「ジャパン･ヘラルドThe Japan Herald1864-」を、東京では「ファー･イーストThe Far East, 1870-」という雑誌を発行した。

＋-マクヴェイン自身、1864年に「Illustrated London News」に記事と挿絵を提供した事があり、ブラックやワーグマンと親しくしていたはずである。ブラックとマクヴェインはフリーメイソン会員であり、そのつながりであったかも知れない。-マクヴェインが1868年に燈台建設のために横浜に居住し始めるとともに親しくなったと思われるが、実質的にはマクヴェインが工部省雇いになり東京居住になってからで、1870年頃から1876年に離日するまで情報交換や旅行を一緒にしていた。

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］1816年生、1880年6月12日没［雇用期間］左院法制課(7年12月より8年12月解約、8年1月1日より2ヶ年雇継、8年9月12日限り雇止［職種］新聞刊行師［給料］月給日本貨幣300円並びに家宅料50円

SOURCE 2: wikipedia(english)を見ると、彼の経歴に関する研究書が出版されたことがわかる。

(2) 彼の略歴は[浅岡1998]を参照。

Charles Alfred Chastel de BOINVILLE, Reverend. 1819-1878. Protestant Missionary in France and Anglican Minister.建築家ボアンヴィルの父親、牧師

SOURCE

(1)  “Memoir of Paster Charles Alfred Chastel de Boinville” in 1882. 

Charles Alfred Chastel de BOINVILLE, 1849-1896. RIBA. Anglo-French Architect.建築家ボアンヴィル

＋詳細はボアンヴィルサイトをご覧ください。

Joan Baptista Chastel de BOINVILLE, 1761-1816. Great Grandfather of architect Boinville. 建築家ボアンヴィルの曾祖父

 Joan Baptista was French aristocrat, who was close to Marquis de Lafayette, and escaped to Britain after the French Revolution broke out. He married sister of his supporter, and they got two children, Alfred and Cornelia. Cornelia and her mother were very close to poet Percy Shelley. Alfred got two boys, Charles and William, who tried to restore their grandfather’s manor at French, but soon realized that it is impossible, and entered into clergy service. Charles became Methodist minister and made 30 years’ missionary service at French, establishing more than 10 protestant churches all over France. He married Mary Graham and got two sons, Charles and William, who naturally got interested in architecture. 

SOURCE

(1) “Memoir of Paster Charles Alfred Chastel de Boinville” in 1882. 

Richard Vicars BOYLE, C.S.I., 1822-1908. リチャード・ヴィカース・ボイル。イギリス人技師、明治初期鉄道寮雇い

※鉄道建設

SOURCE

(1) 御雇い

(2) 1908 ICE Obituary.

--1823 Born in Dublin the son of Vicars Armstrong Boyle. 1853 November 8th. Married at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, to Eleanor Anne relict of Senor Don Jacinto de Salas y Quiroga and the daughter of William Hock of Dieppe.[1] 1853 'Mr. Richard Vicars Boyle, Civil Engineer, sailed from Southampton the 4th instant by the Indue, to attend his professional engagement on the Calcutta and Delhi Railway.'[2]. 1855 October 8th. Birth of a son at Arrah, Shahabad.[3]

--RICHARD VICARS BOYLE, C.S.I., formerly of the Public Works Department of India, and well known for his memorable defence of the Engineer’s house at Arrah during the Mutiny, died at his residence in London on the 3rd January, 1908, at the age of 85.

--The third son of the late Mr. Vicars Armstrong Boyle, of Dublin, the subject of this memoir was born in that city in 1822. After being privately educated, he was for 2 years attached to the trigonometrical survey of Ireland, and subsequently served a pupilage to the late Mr. C. B. Vignoles, Past-President, on railway works in England.

--Returning to Ireland on completing his apprenticeship, he was employed for several years as contractor’s engineer on the Belfast and Armagh Railway, the Dublin and Drogheda Railway, and other works.

--In 1845 a peat impetus was given to the extension of railways in Ireland, and Mr. Boyle, under Sir John Macneil, surveyed and laid out a section of the Great Southern and Western Railway between Dublin and Cork, besides other lines in some of the Northern Counties.

--He was Chief Engineer for the Longford and Sligo Railway, and also acted as Engineer at Ballinasloe on the Midland Great Western Railway until after the completion of that line as far as Galway.

--In the autumn of 1852 he went to Spain as chief assistant to the late Mr. G. W. Hemans on the construction of railways and waterworks in that country.

--In 1853 Mr. Boyle obtained an appointment as District Engineer on the East India Railway Company, and sailed for Calcutta in December of that year. He was first stationed at Patna, and was afterwards transferred to Arrah (Shahabad). It was at Arrah, in 1857, in the earlier months of the Mutiny, that the incident occurred which, as was stated at the time, gave “the first real check in Bengal to the progress of the rebellion.” Here it was that less than 80 men, including officials, volunteers and 50 Sikhs, held their own for 8 days in Mr. Boyle’s house against over 3,000 mutinous troops.

--A column of some 450 men sent from Dinapore to the relief of the besieged marched into an ambuscade, and were completely routed, but relief came eventually from Vincent Eyre, who, by forced marches from Buxar, succeeded in reaching Arrah, happily to find the little garrison safe. Had it not been for Mr. Boyle’s forethought in fortifying and provisioning his house, probably not one Englishman in Arrah would have survived the siege.

--Mr. Boyle was at once appointed Field Engineer to the recruited force under Major Vincent Eyre, but soon after, while restoring interrupted communications and bridges broken by the mutineers, he was disabled, and had to be carried into Dinapore. The services of Mr. Boyle in the defence of Arrah and the district generally earned for him the Mutiny Medal, and were afterwards recognized by the Government in conferring upon him a grant of land in the neighbourhood of Arrah. Subsequently he was created a Companion of the Star of India.

--Having spent about 2 years in Europe, Mr. Boyle returned to India, and was appointed in 1868 first-class Executive Engineer in the Public Works Department; but shortly afterwards urgent family matters called him again to England, where he remained until 1872.

--In that year he accepted the post of Engineer-in-Chief for the Imperial Government Railways of Japan, and retained that position until 1877, On his departure, he left two separate railways, aggregating about 70 miles of open line, fully equipped and in complete working order.

--Mr. Boyle then retired from professional pursuits. Much of his leisure in later years was spent in travelling in many lands, generally wintering abroad.

--In 1853 he married Eleonore Anne, daughter of Mr. W. Hack, of Dieppe, and his wife was his constant companion on all his journeys.

--Mr. Boyle was a Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

--He was elected an Associate of The Institution on the 10th January, 1854, and was transferred to the class of Members on the 14th February, 1860, his membership of The Institution thus extending over 50 years. In 1882 he contributed a Paper on the Rokugo River Bridge, Japan, to the Proceedings.

--RICHARD VICARS BOYLE, C.S.I., died on January 3, 1908, from failure of the heart.

--Mr. Boyle was born in 1822, being the third son of Mr. V. A. Boyle, of Dublin. He received his early training as a pupil of Charles Vignoles, F.R.S., and subsequently was engaged on railway construction work in Ireland and England, and in Spain.

--In 1853 he was appointed. District Engineer on the East Indian Railway with headquarters at Arrah, Bengal. In the Mutiny he played a conspicuous part, holding out for eight days in his fortified house with 80 men and a party of 50 Sikhs against 3,000 mutinous troops. After his relief Mr. Boyle acted as Field Engineer to one of the British columns. For his services he was awarded a Mutiny medal, a grant of land at Arrah, and subsequently the Companionship of the Star of India.

--From 1872 to 1877 he held the appointment of Engineer-in-Chief to the Imperial Government Railways of Japan.

--He was elected a Member of the Institution in 1874.

Alan BREBNER, 1826-1889.アラン・ブレブナー。スコットランド人技師、エジンバラのスティブンソン技術事務所の技術主幹

+エジンバラのハイ･スクールを卒業後、石工の徒弟研修を積み、1861年にスチブンソン技術事務所に入った。港湾設計と灯台設計に長け、1878年にはイギリス土木技師協会正会員に選ばれた。1867年、日本の灯台建設技術者の募集は北方灯台局を司るスチブンソン事務所に支援が求められ、このブレブナーとデビッド･スチブンソンが人選と事前研修を行った。

-マクヴェイン日記と手紙によれば、マクヴェインがブラントンと不仲になり燈明台掛を辞職する際、スチブンソン事務所に事情の説明と謝罪を行い、さらにマクヴェインの父親と妻の兄もブレブナーに会って問題の解決を図ったことが分かる。1870年代、ブレブナーはアイオナ島近くで仕事をしており、頻繁にマクヴェイン主教を訪問している。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary and Letters

--When McVean resigned from Japan's lighthouse department, his father and relatives were so anxious about contract between the lighthouse department and McVean or Brunton. They approached to the Stevenson's office, in particular to Alan Brebner, a chief engineer of the office. Rev. McVean and Cowan family members were very familiar with him.

Wife of late Alexander Cowan says,

July 10, 1869

Mr Brebner [sic] kindly called with him, - he may likely get on better with Mr Brunton as Mrs B is a cousin of his. Annie will add a little to dear Mary & give her all her news She & I have had some nice drives here with Mr George & they had a ride on the ponies yesterday, I hope dear Colin you will be cautious in your sailings about such a nasty coast as you have near you. with much love to yourself & dear Mary, Many kisses to dear Helen from her loving Grand Mama ()

Brunton married a cousin of Allan Brebner???????

Brunton's wife is Elizabeth Wauchope, a family of engineers in Edinburgh.

Richard P BRIDGENS, 1819-1891. リチャード・ブリジェンス。幕末から明治初期日本で活躍したシビル･エンジニア

+幕末の横浜外国人居留地から明治初期の東京で活躍したアメリカ人技師。アメリカ合衆国では地図作成などの仕事をしていた。横浜居留地の最初期の居住者の1人であったショイアーと親戚関係にあった。

-ブリジェンスのルーシ社とマクヴェインのヴァルカン・ファンドリーは同じ施設を使っており、ウィットフィールドとドーソン、さらに林忠恕と清水喜助と協働関係にあった。

SOURCE

(1) The Library Company of Philadelphia

Richard/Robert Bridgens, a Philadelphia lithographer, established the map publishing firm R. P. & H. F. Bridgens with Henry F. Bridgens in 1853. Following the short-lived partnership, Bridgens, who surveyed a number of maps and plans in the early 1850s, relocated to California where he worked as a civil engineer and architect. Later, he traveled to Japan where he designed a number of structures throughout the country. Is part of Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers

Call number: Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers, Groce and Wallace, 80 Philadelphia Business Directory, 1854

Source (2) Sawatari Kiyoko, Contact Between Western and Japanese Artists in Yokohama, 2006

Wilson, who was living in Yokohama in 1860 when engaged to serve on the staff of the Prussian delegation, obtained Renjo’s panorama in exchange for his camera. Thus equipped, Renjo opened his photography studio in Noge, Yokohama, at the end of 1862, becoming one of the first professional photographers in Japan. He learned lithograph printing from Richard P. Bridgens (1819-1891), Anna Schoyer's brother-in-law.12 Bridgens was the architect who designed the first railway stations in Japan, namely Yokohama and Shinbashi, as well as the customhouse in Yokohama, the Yokohama Chékaijo (Assembly Hall), and other buildings. It is presumed that Renjo's lithograph, Tokugawa Ieyasu Zo (Portrait of Takugawa leyasu) was printed using the lithograph press in the Yokohama Cathedral in the concession, about 1871-1872.13

The painter Takahashi Yuichi (1828~l894), unsatisfied with the instruction in Western-style painting at the Foreign Studies Center (Kaiseisho) in Edo, and knowing no one in Yokohama, was referred by Charles Wirgman (1832—1891), painter, cartoonist, and Yokohama correspondent for the Illustrated London News, to Anna Schoyer for tutelage. Previously, through his close friend Kishida Ginko,Yuichi had inquired of Hep burn about a Western teacher, but Hepburn declined to recommend, knowing only “an American woman painter" whom (being a worman) he felt it inappropriate to advocate.

This woman must have been Anna Schoyer. Having met her through Wirgrman in 1866, Yuichi later remarked, “I was excited since she immediately retouched the colors of some sailboats and the sea of my oil painting of Hommoku seascape which I brought to inquire if my use of color was appropriate or not. Since then I met with her frequently while she lived there.“‘

(3) This doesn’t mean that he was the only one: other expatriates began early on to help Japanese artists experiment with western materials and techniques. Wirgman referred pupils to Anna Schoyer, wife of the American entrepreneur and auctioneer Raphael Schoyer, who had helped Shimo’oka Renjo to make a Western-style panorama picture around 1860. Although it was not considered proper by many Japanese to refer a man to a woman for teaching, the unconventional Wirgman had no such scruples.

(4) China and Japan Directory and Chronicle f China and Japan, 1869

  Bridgens worked for Lucy Co., which was partnershiped with Vulcan Foundry.

(5) Biography of Richard Hicks Bridgens 1785 - 1846, Bridgens' father

'Architect' and furniture-maker, author of 'Furniture with Candelabra' [2nd ed. 1831] and West India Scenery [1836], husband of Maria Bridgens née Shaw (q.v.), who had inherited the St Clair estate in Trinidad from her father Col. Daniel Henry Shaw. Worked with George Bullock cabinet maker (d. 1818); designed a porch at James Watt jr.'s house 1836. Took over the Abbotsford project from Bullock for Sir Walter Scott. In London 1814-1819.  In Trinidad 1826 until death in November 1846, although he was in London (at 29 George Street, New Road) when he filed his counterclaim c. 1835. Superintendent of Public Works, designed government offices in Port of Spain.

Marriage of Richard Hicks Bridgens and Maria Ann Shaw (of St Luke's Chelsea) St George's Hanover 1816; marriage date 05/10/1816. Their children were baptised at St Giles in the Fields (Richard Perkins Bridgens, 17/08/1820) and at Langham Middlesex (Henry Frederick Bridgens and Isabella Maria Bridgens, both 21/10/1825).

Sources

Virginia Glenn, 'George Bullock, Richard Bridgens and James Watt's Regency Furnishing Schemes', Furniture History Vol XV; T71/894 Trinidad Nos. 1455 and 1456 A& B.

Ancestry.com, Pallot's Marriage Index 1780-1837 [database online]; Ancestry.com, London, England, Marriages and Banns, 1754-1921 [database online]; Ancestry.com, London, England, Births and Baptisms, 1813-1906 [database online].

※リチャード･ブリジェンスは建築家兼家具製作者で、『カンデラブラの家具』と『西インドの風景』の著者でもあった。マリア･ブリジェンス･ニー･ショーと結婚し、彼女はトリニダードのセント･クレア農場を父（ダニエル･ヘンリー･ショー）から相続した。ジョージ･ブルックと家具製造を共働し、ジェームス･ワットのためにポーチを設計した。1826年から1846年までトリニダードとロンドンを行き来し、ポート･オブ･スペイン政府の公共事業局長として政庁を設計した。マリア･アン･ショーとは1816年に結婚し、1820年にリチャード･パーキンス、1825年にイザベラ･マリアの子供をもうけた。

Francis BRINKLEY, 1841-1912. フランシス・ブリンクリー. 海軍省外国人教師

＋イングランドの良家に生まれ、トリニティ・カレッジからウールリッジの陸軍士官学校に進み、軍人の道を歩む。1866年、香港植民地に派遣される途中に長崎を短期間訪問し、翌年希望して、横浜駐留軍勤務となった。明治政府兵部省高官と知り合い、1871年に海軍兵学寮に砲術学教師として任用になった。

＋マクヴェインとは非常に親しかったらしく、1875年夏にはダイアー、シャンド、グリグスビーらとともに箱根で避暑を過ごした。

SOURCE 

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

・福井藩4年11月1日より3カ年月500円契約、廃藩置県後兵部省、その後海軍省へ転属7年11月3カ年契約、10年10月30日満期解約、英国陸軍士官

Richard Henry BRUNTON, 1841-1909. Scottish Engineer. リチャード・ヘンリー・ブラントン、スコットランド人技師。 

＋1868年3月、エジンバラのスティブンソン技術事務所により、日本政府灯台建設の主任技師に選抜され、2ヶ月間の技術研修後に正式採用。マクヴェインと非常に似たような経歴を有していた。

SOURCE

(1) C 

Edward Wolfe BROOKER, 1827-1870.エドワード・ウォルフ・ブローカー、イギリス海軍士官。

※1867年暮れ、イギリス海軍測量船シルヴィア号艦長として日本海域を測量した。1869年に病気になり、副艦長のウィリアム・マックスウェルが艦長代理を務め、1870年からはセント・ジョンが艦長となった。

SOURCE

1. NMM BiographyBrooker entered the Navy in April 1842 as a master’s assistant on board the 'Shearwater'. He was employed in the 'Shearwater' and the 'Blazer', both commanded by Captain John Washington, for three and a half years in surveying the North Sea.In October 1846 he joined the Rattlesnake under Captain Owen Stanley and was engaged for four years in surveying the Great Barrier Reef and examining the islands of the Louisiade Archipelago and New Guinea.

He attained the rank of second master on 16th May 1849 and was appointed to the Spitfire under Captain Spratt in 1851. He was made an Assistant Surveyor in the Spitfire in April 1852 and was promoted to the rank of Master in March 1855 and was employed until the commencement of the Russian war in surveying the islands in the Grecian Archipelago and various other locations. He was present at the embarkation of the troops at Varna and at the landing in the Crimea, at the bombardment of Sebastopol in October 1854, in the expedition to Kertch and at the capture of Kinburn.

During the operation of the capture of Kinburn, Brooker, then additional master of the Spitfire, was detached on board the Cracker gunboat to determine the course of the channel leading into the river Dnieper and to lay down buoys along the south side of it, and was subsequently able to pilot in the men-of-war to take the enemy’s forts in reverse.

For his conduct in this he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 5th November 1855. He continued in the Spitfire until February 1856 and then in the Tartarus in surveying the coast of Syria, where he continued until July 1861, when he was appointed to the charge of the coast survey of Tasmania. Having surveyed George’s bay and Hobartown, and made the necessary arrangements for following up the triangulation of the whole of the coasts of that colony, in March 1863 the survey was suspended because the local government of Tasmania failed to vote the necessary funds for bearing half the working expenses.

On his return to England he received the annual surveying promotion to the rank of Commander on the 1st January 1864 and was subsequently appointed to the charge of the survey of Porstmouth harbour and bar, where he continued until appointed to the command of H.M.S. Sylvia in 1866 for surveying service in North China and Japan.

Commander Brooker was a water-colour marine artist as well as a surveyor. He wore the Crimean medal and Sebastapol clasp. He had been created a Knight of the Legion of Honour and received the order of Medjidie of the fifth class

Colin BROWN, 1818-1896. コリン・ブラウン。Ewing music lectureship instructor at Andersonian College

※アンダーソンカレッジの音楽教師で、山尾庸三の恩人の一人+山尾陽三が1866年から68年にかけてグラスゴーで技術研修を受けていたときに、このブラウン家に下宿していた。ブラウンはマセソンの友人で、当時、アンダーソニアン･カレッジの音楽教師を務めつつ、スコットランドの民謡を収集し、また楽器を開発した。

SOURCE

(1) Songs of Scotland” compiled by J. Pittman and Colin Brown, 1873, devised and patented a voice harmonium incorporating the 'natural keyboard' in 1875.

(2) James Oswald Dykes, Memorials of Hugh M. Matheson, 1899, pp.30-31.

--Mr. Colin Brown, to whom the next letter is addressed, belonged to a different family from Mr. James Brown. He was one of the band of St. Enoch's workers, with whom Mr. Matheson had such happy fellowship in Christian work in Glasgow-- Sabbath School, district visiting, etc. He was Euing Lecturer on musical science, history, and biography for many years at the Andarsonian University, Glasgow, and Mr. Matheson kept up a more or less constant correspondence with him after leaving Glasgow on matters connected with their respective Churches, psalmody, etc., and also in connection with the young Japanese students, to whom he showed much kindness. Mr. Matheson's relation to them is described in a later chapter.

--After the year 1877, Mr. Colin Brown completed a musical instrument invented by himself, called "The Voice Harmonium." The key-board was somewhat complicated, although easily understood by any one familiar with the sol-fa system and modulator. The intonation was perfect, and the result was arrived at from a mathematical point of view. Mr. Matheson secured the third instirument which was made.

(3) Rev. Donald McVean's Letter to His Son, Colin Alexander McVean, dated 1870.

-- 

William Kinninmond BURTON, 1856-1889. ウィリアム・キンニンモンド・バートン。明治政府に雇われた衛生技術者

+日本に衛生工学を伝えてくれたイギリス人技師。マクヴェインの友人であるコモス･イネスの甥で、イネスがインド植民地公共事業局勤務を終えロンドンに戻ると、このバルトンと衛生技術事務所を共同経営した。1886年にバルトンが明治政府内務省に雇用される際、マクヴェインとイネスのパイプが活かされた可能性がある。何か具体的な証拠がマクヴェイン文書にでてくるかもしれない。もう一つの可能性は、1874年10月〜1875年2月に日本滞在したジョン・キャンベルは、ロンドンの衛生協会の事務局長を務めており、イネス・バルトン事務所を知っていたと思われる。

SOURCE 

(1)

Andrew Hutton BURGES, 1850-???. アンドリュー・バージェス、イギリス海軍水域測量技官Hydrographer of the Admiralty.

--測量司修技校の教師として、シャボーとともに1873年9月にマクヴェインと河野通信がロンドンで雇用契約をした。海軍水域測量局の技官だったと思われるが、彼の経歴は不詳。河野通信とともに同年暮れに日本に到着したが、1874年1月に測量司着任を拒否。測量司が内務省に移管され、予定した測量学校が開校されなかったことが原因と考えられる。師長代理のジョイナーと書記官のクルックシャンクから、内務省は測量学校を開校せず、さらに全国測量を遂行する意思がないことを聞かされた。

C

Camera Obscura.カメラ･オブスクラ、1874年12月に御殿山に設置

--Camera Obscura is a kind of apparatus which show outer scenery on a screen  through a pin whole or small lens. In Japan, it was first constructed by instruction of John Francis Campbell in December 1874 on Gotenyama to observe and show the transit of Venus to the audience.

+これは景色をピンホールを通して暗い室内のスクリーンに映して人に見せる装置である。基本的にカメラと同じ原理である。日本では、1874年12月に内務省地理寮量地課による御殿山における金星日面通過を観測するための施設の一つとして建設された。この観測は測量師長マクヴェインによって発案され、カメラ･オブスクラはイギリスからやってきたジョン･フランシス・キャンベルの指導によって建設され、装置が操作された。スクリーンに映されたイメージは、ジョン・ブラックとサミエル・モーサーによって撮影された。

SOURCE

(1) John H. Hammond, Camera Obscura, a Chronicle, 1981.

(2) John Francis Campbell "My Circular Notes (1876)."

"A Japanese carpenter was got and by the aid of interpreters and pencils he was told what to do. No work man could be more "gleg at the uptak." In a very short time a bundle of bamboos appeared with a lot of black paper; and a dark chamber was set up in a trice, exactly where it was wanted. Inside of it, a Japanese sliding door was propped up, with a large sheet of white paper, and thereon the sun's image was cast. The contriver of this popular observatory took charge of the end of the telescope, and managed after some practice to keep the image on the board and in tolerable focus. But he could not see clearly and work the glass, and move the screen as the sun moved ; nor could he read the time. Therefore friends came into the camera obscura, and crouched there watching the board, watch in hand. The hill was near the railway and trains shook it ; the place was crowded and people tramped about and shook the ground. The box got severe knocks; once somebody overturned the umbrella telescope."

※日本人大工がやってきたので、鉛筆でスケッチを描き通訳を介してどうすべきなのか説明した。彼はあっという間に竹の束を黒色紙と一緒に持ってきて、私が思い描いていたような暗室を精確に造ってしまった。その中には、白色紙を貼り付けた襖を吊し、そこに太陽のイメージを投射することにした。望遠鏡を通してイメージが鮮明に映るように工夫を重ねた。太陽の動きに合わせて襖スクリーンを動かすことにした。多くの友人たちがこのカメラ・オブスクラにやってきて、金星の日面通過を目にした。鉄道軌道が近くあったので、列車が通ると震動が起き、また大勢の人が歩き回ると微動足音が生じた。そのため、日本人大工に分厚い石板を持ってこさせ観測地に敷かせた。

(3) Mary's Memo on the Observation in 1874 Diary.

Wednesday 9 Dec

"Lovely day.  Gentlemen off to Gotenyama to survey Venus which they did very successfully.  Mr C. superintending one telescope from which was thrown a shadow of the Sun & Venus on to a sheet of white paper Venus shewed on the paper about the size of a ten [sou] piece.  Came Home tired but pleased with their success. The Mikado did not come but Sanjo Daijin did.  C & I dined with the de B.  Mr C. with the Simpsons.

※素晴らしい日より。紳士たちは御殿山に出かけていき、金星観測を成功裏に成し遂げました。キャンベル氏は一つの望遠鏡を操作し、それによって太陽と金星の影が白紙の上に映し出されました。ミカドはお見えになりませんでしたが、三条大臣は来ました。ボアンヴィル夫妻、キャンベル氏、シンプソン夫妻と一緒に夕食をとりました。（マクヴェインとジョイナーは黒田長溥に鴨料理の夕食会に招待されたため留守）

William Walter CARGILL, 1820-.ウィリアム・ウォルター・カーギル。銀行家、企業経営者

※明治政府最初期の鉄道建設の最大の功労者はモレルではなく、このカーギルである。明治政府から有り余る資金を引き出し（借金を負わせ）、十分な質と数の技術技能者を雇用し、また十分な資材を調達し、短期間で横浜=新橋間と神戸=大阪間の鉄道建設を完成させた。

SOURCE

(1)

Basil Hall CHAMBERLAIN, 1850 - 1935. バジル・ホール・チェンバレン、英語教育者、日本学者。

※このチェンバレンは1873年暮れに来日し、海軍省兵学寮の英語教師となり、日本学者として名をなす。マクヴェインは1874年5月に一時帰国から戻ってきてチェンバレンと初めて会った。

SOURCE

(1) 資料『御雇い外国人』

--浜松県士族・荒木万1873年8月15日〜1874年2月15日〜同年8月15日、海軍省1874年9月1日〜1875年2月28日、1875年7月1日〜12月31日、1876年1月1日より1ヶ年。

(2) McVean Diaries

(3) Preface of Things Japanese, 1905.

 In the place of chivalry there 1s industrialism, in the place of a small class of aristocratic native connoisseurs there 1s a huge and hugely ignorant foreign public to satisfy. All the causes have changed, and Yet it is expected that the effects Will remain as heretofore !

No. Old Japan is dead, and the only decent thing to do with the corpse is to bury it. Then You can set up as monument over it and, if You like, come and worship

from time to time at the grave: for that would be quite “Japanesey." This little book is intended to be, as were,。 the epitaph recording the many and extraordinary

virtues of the deceased,-一his virtues, but also.his frailties. For, more careful of fact than the generality of epitapists, we have ventured to speak out our whole

mind on almost every 8ub]ect, and to call thimgs by thenr

name8, being persuaded that true Aappreciation 18 &lWaY8

critical as well as kindlY.

SOURCE 

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時34歳［雇用期間］内務省測量司(5年10月8日-8年11月7日)［職種］測量助役［給料］月給①洋銀250ドル、旧暦7年10月8日より洋銀50ドル増、旅費不給、宿料不給、食料不給、右半年分支給高洋銀1538ドル33セント月給6ヶ月分(旧暦)7年5月より10月までSource

(2) Cheesman's Letter to McVean dated 14 June 1885

.+Cheesman frequently wrote letter to McVean even after they parted in Tokyo in December 1875.オーストラリに移住したチースマンとマクヴェインは頻繁に文通をしていた。この手紙でチースマンは、「測量司での仕事、大和屋敷での生活、たった10年前のことなのに今でも鮮明に覚えている。夢のような三年間だった」と述べている。それから、チースマンは、海軍水路測量局からブルガリア鉄道建設までマクヴェインと行動を共にしていたことがわかる。

Survey Department

Adelaide S. Australia 14 June 1885

My Dear McVean

I believe I have the two brushes you then used in my box. I don’t use them merely keep them for auld lang syne. Some recent sketches in the London Illustrated ( re Skye crofters ) forcibly recalled those days of yore. What a long time ago since we rode through Bulgaria - promenaded à cheval and were photographed in costume (save the mark) the morning after arrival in Rustchuck. Pistols and spurs being the prominent features. And what a long way off are Alladin, Pravado, Schumla, Raasgrad &c. Do you realise them as factors in your life or are they of the past of which nothing is left and only recur as a forgotten dream ? To which followed an interval of small things and Bulgaria seemed to us on looking back an Elysium. At least I remember so thinking. The future a blank – [Minia] Road London west finds us together and we recall old times. We drown care at a London music Hall and laughed. Your normal mood ( I nearly said favourite) at that particular time to use your own expression (for which a copyright should have been granted) was that of [Moleincas] - a burrowing mole I suppose I don’t know what else it could mean - Again the curtain lifts and all is changed though the scene is still in London A married man on his honeymoon at a first class hotel with a first class appointment ( and appointments) and heaps of luggage and a first class ticket to fairy land. Then afterwards a dark and miserable drive into Choogi Shinagawa a cloud that afterwards dispersed with a transformative brilliancy which lasted 3 years and the dear old Yamato Yashiki in Tokio of which place we have so many pleasant reminiscences with its gates, moats and pleasant drives, quaint history language and people with their funny tea-houses manners and games all come so fresh on one With yourself curio hunting and evenings spent in what might now be called banquet or carousel, or in a pleasantly lighted [jiurikisha] the colored lantern being in the hands of the propeller yourself in darkness while enjoying glimpses into [basts] and dwellings. How real it all seems yet having been back in the workaday world for so long one feels inclined to ask, is it real, or only a dream ? I sometimes doubt if it’s the former. We now get no word from Japan. A year ago both my wife and self wrote long letters to Browne in Yoko to which we have received no reply and [Nikoy] seems as much dead to us as if we had never known it. Yet how much we would and could appreciate a jin riki up the Ginza or through the [Pora] in [mon] etc. In writing you I scarcely know how to get out of this strain which is ( I have no doubt) wearying : but in seeing you as I do every day in my minds eye all this and very much more flits across it and I wonder where you are ? As I began so must finish Ones is a hard workaday life which has little or nothing of interest to communicate I am in the Civil Service and the constant cry here is - ”cut down the civil service” a great reduction is at the present time being made in answer to the popular cry. A considerable number having to seek fresh fields at the end of this month. 

Again I am reminded : did I not tell you in my last i.e. the unproven last That I had recently read Campbell of Islays vols “Circular notes” or something to that effect in which he stay at [Ichiban] Yamato is so fully detailed with your trip to Nikko and your wanderings together over Tokio curio hunting. Then if I did not write that letter I must have dreamt that I did ! He also mentions us all ( as does J.B. Black in his “Young Japan” ) in connection with the transit of Venus observations. And only recently I saw with regret his death announced. I suppose you have read his “Frost and Fire” He was a good geologist and a clever man. But it is sad to think that “We are passing over” as children used to sing. I don’t know if their do now. All that seems so changed !!

(3) Biographical Survey by Graeme Cheesman (added in July 12, 2021) URL: http://www.graemecheeseman.com/williamedwardcheesman.html

・南オーストラリア天文学協会事務局長

Mount Gambier Border Watch (21 October 1916): MR. W. E. CHEESMAN.

There died at Mount Gambier on Wednesday morning, after a long illness, a man who had spent an eventful life in various parts of the world. This was Mr. William Edward Cheesman, civil engineer and surveyor, late of the South Australian Survey Department. The deceased was a native of Dover, England, where he was born in 1840. He was thus in his 76th year. He was educated in a private school in Dover, and afterwards went to Edinburgh for further study. But his education did not end there. He was one of those men who make themselves students and learners all their lives. He learned engineering in England, and early in life was for eight years on the Admiralty Survey of Great Britain. He took part in the laying of the first cable put down between England and America. Subsequently he was engaged by the firm of Peto, Betts & Crampton, engineers, of Great George-street, London, to go to Turkey as one of a party of engineers to construct a railway from Varna to Rustchuk, in Bulgaria, and also to build a pier at Varna. He was there for about three years, and on his return to England was employed by the Japanese Government under a three years' engagement to triangulate the City of Yedo (or Tokio), the capital of Japan, where his friend from boyhood, the late Mr. Colin MacVein, C.E., was Surveyor-General. Having been married on his return from Turkey, he took his wife with him to the Land of the Rising Sun, where she remained till the work for which he was engaged was completed. Returning to Great Britain, he spent a year in Scotland, and then came to Adelaide, where he arrived in February, 1879. He brought out credential and letters of introduction which at once, procured for him position in the South Australian Survey Department, then under the late Mr. G. W. Goyder. He remained in that Department until some four years ago, when he had to retire because he had reached the age limit. Shortly afterwards he came to Mount Gambier, on what was not intended to be more than a short sojourn. He was staying at a private boarding house, and a few months after he went there, he was afflicted with what is believed to have been a paralytic stroke, which resulted in his becoming totally blind. His health broke down, and he and his wife took a house in the town, and continued to reside there till his death. Mr. Cheesman was of a genial and kindly disposition, and was very popular with all who came into contact with him in business or socially, and there are many of his comrades and acquaintances in Adelaide who will regret to learn of his decease. He leaves, besides a widow, one daughter, Mrs. J. P. MacArthur, and two little grand-children. It may be mentioned that Mr. Cheesman was able to speak French and Turkish, us well as his native tongue. The funeral was held yesterday forenoon, the Rev. J. H. Nield conducting the last services at the graveside. Mr. G. Lewis was funeral director.

Archibald David CONSTABLE, 1843 - 1915. アーチバルド・デヴィッド・カンスタブル。カンスタブル出版社3代目社長、マクヴェインの親友の一人

+マクヴェインの妻マリーの姉はトーマス・カンスタブルと結婚し、そこに長男として生まれたのがこのアーチバルド。マクヴェインの甥にあたるが、ほぼ同世代であったためとても親しかった。マリーとマクヴェインの結婚証人。

+Son of Thomas Constable, a Witness of McVean's Marriage.

-Archibald always gave good advises to McVean [McVean Letter]. So, it is possible that Archibald or Thomas consulted Lewis Gordon, ex professor of civil engineering in the University of Glasgow to establish the Engineering College of Japan.

SOURCE 

(1) McVean Archives

--Witness of Mariage between McVean and Mary Wood Cowan.

Thomas CONSTABLE, 29 June 1812 – 26 May 1881. FRSE,  トーマス・カンスタブル。カンスタブル出版社2代目社長

+スコットランドを代表する出版社の経営者で、製紙工場主アレクサンダー・コーワンの三女ルシア・アンと結婚した。一時期『エンサイクロベディア・ブリタニカ』の版権をも所有していた。19世紀半ばのスコットランド文芸界の中心人物で、ルイス・ゴードン（グラスゴー大学シビル･エンジニア初代教授）とチャールズ・ドゥ・ボアンヴィル（建築家ボアンヴィルの父）など多くの偉人の追想録を出版し、ヒュー・マセソンとも親しかった。

+a Scottish printer and publisher. He married Lucia Anna Cowan, the daughter of Alexander Cowan, a papermaker in Valleyfield, Fife. He published books of an Educational Series, and penned some private memoirs, including Memoir of Lewis D. B. Gordon, F.R.S.E., Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics in the University of Glasgow (1877) and Memoir of the Rev. Charles A. Chastel de Boinville (1870).

- Rev. de Boinville was an Anglo-French missionary of protestant church in France, and frequently made collecting tour to Scotland. Thomas regarded Rev. de Boinville as "True Christian" and always supported him. When Rev. de Boinville left France to the Britain after breakout of the Franco-Prussian War, he asked Thomas to find proper architect office for his son. Thomas introduced Campbell Douglas, an architect of Glasgow to Rev. de Boinvile's son. His son, also same name, later worked for the Meiji Japan.

SOURCE

(1) The Chime Child or Somerset Singer Being an account of some of them and their songs collected over sixty years by Ruth Tongue

First published in 1977 by Routledge & Kogan Paul Ltd

ISBN: 978-1-138-94398-8 (Set)

EDINBURGH, 1862-6

Monday 5. Malcolm, Murdo, Jamie, F. Tolmie, M. and K. Con-stable leave. The last entry suggests that Fanny Tolmie had already joined the Constable household, or would shortly do so. Her feelings, returning from Skye to Edinburgh when she was newly twenty-two, were vividly recalled in the 'Reminiscences' she was to send to Lucy Broadwood nearly fifty years later. And then Miss Wrench came again and I accompanied her a second time to Edinburgh—suffering much mentally. I am now a thought-less child compared with what I then was—the music was in dire confusion—the religious opinions of the time difficult to adjust. ... It was then that Mrs Thomas Constable asked me to come by-and-by to stay with her, when two young daughters would be under my care. It was while with this dear family that some kind of order came into my conflicting ideas regarding the Ancient and Modern times. It was an illuminating atmosphere, from rare sympathy, social intercourse, and varied reading. The Constables lived in Royal Terrace, one of three terraces, Royal, Calton and Regent, almost surrounding the Calton Hill, and designed by the architect Playfair as part of the fifth of Edinburgh's 'New Towns'. To no. 35 Alexander Cowan had moved in 1845, when it was not long built, from the historic Moray I louse in the Canongate." In the early 186os the Constables were at no. 34, the second Mrs Cowan and her family at no. 35, Charles Cowan at no. 37 (later acquiring Logan House in the Pentlands) and James at no. 38 (moving into no. 35 after his stepmother's death). Thomas Constable's library was a joy to Fanny; her reading was serious and wide. She found unexpected pleasure and undoubted stimulus in two newly-published, and important, Gaelic works that she found there. One was the first printed edition (Edinburgh, 1862) of the early sixteenth-century MS known as the Book of the Dean of Lismore. Edited by the Rev. Thomas McLauchlan, it contains a tran-script of a considerable portion of the Dean's home-made, semi-phonetic text, a transposition of the content into standard spelling and an attempted translation. This archaic material, with an Irish flavour, was new to her; of outstanding interest were the heroic lays which told of Fionn mat Cumhaill (Finn MacCoull) and his followers, the Fiann.

Alexander COWAN, 17 June 1775 – 13 February 1859.アレクサンダー・コーワン。Scottish papermaker and philanthropist. コーワン製紙工場第2代社長、博愛主義者

+He was a cousin and friend of Thomas Chalmers, the prominent Scottish minister. Through his business he was a friend and associate of the publisher Archibald Constable[1] and, through Constable, an associate of Sir Walter Scott.[2] Cowan owned and ran the huge Valleyfield paper-works in Penicuik in Midlothian.

SOURCE

(1) Reminiscences

Charles COWAN, 1801-1889. チャールズ・コーワン。コーワン製紙工場第3代目社長

＋マクヴェインの義兄に当たる。

James COWAN,1816-1896

Gorge COWAN,

William COWAN,

John Burton CRAIG, FRS.クレイグ、ジョン。The Craig Brothers & Co., Woolen Warehousemen, 14 Chamber Street, Edinburgh.

+John Craig was co-owner of the Craig Brothers & Co., together with Archibald and Robert, and was close friend to McVean, frequently sending letter to him from Japan.

+マクヴェインの親友の一人。エジンバラの毛織物店を兄とともに経営し、彼自身は博物学に興味を持っていたらしい。

SOURCE

(1) 1869 Diary

Wrote home and to Kilninver Oban – Mary wrote to Royal Terrace.

I sent papers to H.D. Graham, Mr Maxwell, J.B. Craig, James J. Dalgleish, Sharbau, Cheesman.

Alexander James CRUICHSHANK, 1849-1874. アレクサンダー･ジェームス・クルックシャンク。測量司外国人書記官

＋マクヴェインが一時帰国する直前、1873年3月に雇用した測量司事務職員。最初の3ヶ月は試用期間、6月5日に一年契約。死亡記録からスコットランドの牧師の家の出であることは分かるが、詳しい来歴は不明。1874年2月に過労のため亡くなっている。

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］7年2月23日没［雇用期間］工部省測量司(6年5月12日より1ヶ年-8年11月7日)［職種］測量助役［給料］月給150円

(2) 太政類典：明治六年六月五日測量師英人クロックシャンクヲ雇入 

(3) 太政類典：明治七年三月八日　測量司傭人英人死去ノ儀ニ付御届「測量司傭人英人アレキサンドル･ゼー･クラックシャンク儀心身疲労ノ症ニテ去月廿三日死去致候趣申出候間此段御及御届候也」 

(4) The Japan Weekly Mail, DEATH, YOKOHAMA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1874.

Died suddenly, on the evening of the 23rd instant, at Yamato Yashiki, Tokio, ALEXANDER J . CRUICKSHANK, aged 25 years,

second son of The Rev. J. Cruickshank, D.D., of Turrifl‘, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

(5) McVean Diary

Chooji (Hotel & Restaurant)長応寺（ホテルレストラン）、品川旧長応寺、旧オランダ公使館

+1858年の日米修好通商条約に続き、イギリス、オランダ、ロシア、フランスとも同条約を結び、各国公使は江戸に公使館の開設を図った。アメリカは善福寺、イギリスは東禅寺-高輪接遇所、フランスは済海寺、オランダは長応寺を公使館の用に当てた。しかし、尊皇攘夷派の襲撃に遭い、1860年に西洋五カ国は幕府に安全な公使館建物の建設を要求し、1861年に御殿山に建設されることになった。しかし、これも焼き討ちに遭い、五カ国公使等は一時横浜に退避。江戸に新政府が成立すると、条約外国公使は江戸に戻ったが、オランダは長応寺に戻らず空き家になってしまった。1869年頃、長応寺屋敷建物は外国人専用のホテルレストランに改装され、1880年頃迄営業を続けた。1871年にマクヴェインが工部省勤務のために江戸にやってくると、この長応寺に一時滞在し、葵町の大和屋敷に官舎の建設を始めた。東京最初の洋食レストラン。

D

Charles H. DALLS, 1841-?? . チャールズ・ダラス.幕末横浜の外国人、大学南校と興譲館で英語教師、フリーメイソン、マクヴェインの親友の一人

＋来歴については、1841年にロンドン生まれ、20歳頃、鉱石貿易のために中国に渡航。23歳頃に日本に移る[松野1982]ことぐらいしか分かっていない。しかし、貿易会社社員というだけで、初代メソニックホール横浜ロッジ代表に選任されるものだろうか。さらに、英語教師として大学南校に雇われることを考えると、ロンドンの良家の生まれで、それなりの教育を受けてきたと考えられる。大学南校から山形の興譲館に移り、英語を教えた。マクヴェインは横浜時代から彼と懇意にしおり、イザベラ・バードに山形の案内人として紹介したはずである。

--Charles Dallas' career is very unclear, only Matsuno (1982) described very short biography. He was born in London in 1841, and went to China at 1862 for mineral business. He arrived at Yokohama at age of 23. It was just after the Yokohama Foreign Settlement completed.

SOURCE 

(1)

John Richard Davidson, 18?? -????.  ジョン･リチャード・ダビッドソン、横浜で法律事務所自営、工部省法律顧問

＋マクヴェインは1872年3月にウィルソン、ライマー=ジョンズ、ジョージ･イートンを雇用する際、法律家デビッドソンの隣席の上、契約を結んでいる。また、1873年3月に一時帰国する直前、雇用契約を延長するに当たってデビッドソンを交えて山尾と交渉している。その後、工部省は外国から大量の物品を購入し、また多数の外国人を職員に雇っていたので、国際取引や雇用契約のために、明治6年6月9日から3カ年契約で法律顧問として雇った。

SOURCE 

(1) 太政類典明治6年6月15日工部省英人法律家デヒソン雇入

(2)『御雇い外国人名鑑』 工部省-明治6年6月9日より3カ年、年俸1万ドル

(3) McVean Archives

Archibald Lucius Douglas, 1842-1913.  Royal Navy. アーチバルド･ルシアス・ダグラス

＋カナダ植民地ケベックに生まれ、その後、イギリス海軍に入隊。1873年から75年まで日本海軍に教育顧問として雇われた。 一緒にやってきたチャールズ･ベイリィとともにマクヴェイン家の常連客だった。

ディロン、エドワードEdward Dillon, 18?? - 1???.造幣寮御雇外国人

＋造幣寮御雇いと雇われ、帰国後、父親のフランクと共に『日本の美術The Arts of Japan, 1906』を著す。

Edward Dillon（在職1873年3月-1878年1月）

SOURCE

(1)

ディロン、フランクFrank Dillon, 24. February, 1823 - May 3, 1909. イギリス人風景画家、日本美術愛好家

＋造幣寮御雇いのEdward Dillon（在職1873年3月-1878年1月）の父親で、John Francis Campbellの友人であった。日本にやってきて多くの日美術品を買い漁り、イギリスに持ち帰った。イギリスのジャポニズム運動推進者の一人

SOURCE 

(1) Britanica

*Landscape painter, born in London, was the youngest son of John Dillon, of the firm of Morrison, Dillon & Co., silk mercers, of Fore Street, London, and the owner of a rum collection of water-colour drawings which was sold by auction in 1869. After having been educated at Bruce Castle School, Tottenham, he entered the schools of the Royal Academy, and subsequently became a pupil of James Holland, the water-colour painter. He there began painting in oil-colours, and in 1850. sent to the Royal Academy a view 'On the Tagus, Lisbon,' and until 19o7 was a fairly regular contributor exhibitions, as well as to those of the British Institution until its close in 1867. He was one of the original members of the Dudley Gallery, and after it ceased to exist he, in I882, became a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours. He travelled much, and as early as 1850 he published a folio volume of 'Sketches in the Island of Madeira: He visited Egypt first in 1854, and many of his works were the outcome of this and subsequent visits to that country. Among these were: 'Rising of Nile: Philse,' The Nile Raft,' 'Luxor, on the 'The Sphinx at Midnight,' The Great Pyramid,' The Pyramids from Gizeh,"The Date Harvest, Egypt; and The Granite Quarries of Syene: He took a keen interest in the preservation of the Arab monuments of Cairo, and was active in opposition to the destruction of Philae. He also studied appreciatively the arts of Japan, spending a year in that country in 1876-78 and writing an introduction to the catalogue of the 'Exhibition ...Japanese and Chinese Works of Art,' held at the Burlington Fine Arts Club in 1878.

In early life he was in full sympathy with the liberal movement of 1848, when he formed a lifelong friendship with Mazzini. He was intimate also with many of the leaders of the Hungarian revolution, and assisted them when in ale. Dillon died unmarried et t8 Upper Phillimore Gardens, Kensington. Eleven drawings by him of interiors of houses in Cairo are in the -Victoria and Albert Museum. [The Times, 5 and 8 May 1909: Art Journal, July 1909; Exhibition Catalogues of the Royal Academy, British Institution, Dudley Gallery, and Royal Institute of Painters in Water-colours, 1850-1907.]

(2) John F. Campbell's Letter to McVean

    June 21. 1875 – Niddry Lodge Kensington London W. –

My dear MacVean

I write you a line to salute you and tell you that I am safe home and to send you a commission.

I gave a letter of introduction to you to a Mr Frank Dillon which will explain itself when it comes. He is a clever professional painter with a son in the Japanese mint. I want you to make him known to Black and the English colony. I have given him a letter to Sir Harry to get immediately passports. He wants to paint Possibly Joyner may get him & his painter to work as rivals. It would be grand fun. (Commend me heartily to your neighbours) I sent you a small glacial paper printed in [my] [a……….e] I have written another. Professor Ramsay was here yesterday & told me that he has selected a Geologist for the Japanese He is said to be a good fellow determined to go ahead. I forget his name but you will soon see him. My commission is this I want the rest of these Nikko temple fittings

ドイル、チャールズCharles Altamont Doyle, 1832-1893. エジンバラ市測量技師

＋チャールズ･ドイルはコナン・ドイルの父親で、エジンバラ市の測量士補を勤めていた。マクヴェインより6歳年上であり、面識があったかどうかは不明である。コナン・ドイルは、幼少期の暮らしを自伝の中に書き記しており、当時の技術系公務員の給料と生活がどのようなものであったのかが分かる。年俸240ポンドというのであるから、今の日本ならば500万円ほどであろうか。大きな昇進はなく、家族は質素な生活に耐え、時として父が制作した絵画が副収入として家計を助けたという。ドイルの姉たちも15歳頃から住み込みの使用人として働いていた。そうだとすると、海外で働くことはとても魅力的なもので、インド植民地では技師補に対し500ポンド以上の給金を提示した。明治政府はインド植民地政府給料基準を参考にして、外国人を雇った。

SOURCE

(1) 

Archibald Campbell Douglas,1828-1910. アーチバルド・キャンベル・キャンベル. グラスゴーの建築家、マクヴェインの義甥

＋牧師の長男として生まれたが、グラスゴー大学で哲学を学んだ後に、建築家の道を志す。マクヴェインの妻の長姉の娘と結婚しているので、外甥にあたるが、ダグラスの方が10歳も年上。19世紀後半のスコットランドを代表する建築家で、グラスゴー建築協会会長、グラスゴー建築学校校長、王立建築家協会副会長を勤め、多数の建築作品を残した。同時期に、トーマス･ロジャー･スミスとともに王立建築家協会副会長を務め、志向は異なるが、2人とも学究肌の建築家だった。

＋マクヴェインの結婚証人の一人で、明治政府雇用になったマクヴェインに多大な支援をしてくれた。工学寮工学校の最初期建物の設計助言と建設資材の発送だけに止まらず、自らの事務所の助手であったボアンヴィルを日本に推薦してくれた。おそらく、クラセンとスチュワートの2人の土木技師を派遣してくれたのもキャンベルだった。マクヴェインが佐野常民から依頼されたウィーン万博日本館の展示ケースをエジンバラから調達してくれた。帰国してもスタファ島に家族旅行するなど、マクヴェインの生涯の友。

＋グラスゴー美術学校の設計コンペに参加したが、工事予算が合わなく、早々に辞退した。

SOURCE

(1) 

John James Dalgleish, 1836-1921. ジョン･ジェームス・ダルグレッシュ、スコットランド･ファイフの大地主、郷土史家、博物学者

＋マクヴェイン夫妻ととても親密であった人物で、妻メアリの親戚筋にあたるのかもしれない。お金に困らない身分で、『キュルロスとトリアラン』というピクト王国の歴史書を著したり、いくつかの鳥類図鑑を出版した。

※1844年にマクヴェイン牧師がアーガイル公からアイオナの土地を借りる際、ジェームス･ダルグレシュ(James Dalgreish, 1803-1870)がアーガイル公の代理人となり契約を結んだ。この代理人はジョンの父親にあたる人物と考えられ、親の代から友好関係にあったのであろう。

SOURCE

(1) Culross and Tulliallan: Or, Perthshire on Forthby David Beveridge , John James Dalgleish

DALGLEISH, JOHN J.

Notes on a Collection of Birds and Eggs from Central Uruguay.Proceedings of The Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1880. First Edition, Disbound. Very Good. 23 pages, 2 plates

Mr John J. Dalgleish of Brankston Grange, West Fife, whose death took place on 29th December last, at the advanced age of 85, was one of the little ... He formed an extensive collection of eggs, those of the birds of Central Uruguay and Paraguay being a special feature ; and some of our ..

Great Britain. Meteorological Office: British Rainfall, 1922. Mr. John James DALGLEISH, of Brankston Grange, Alloa, appears to have commenced observations of rainfall at West Grange, Culross, Perthshire, as long ago as 1865, and since that date annual returns have never failed to be regularly.

(2) MVA 

Copy Tack Between The Duke of Argyll And The Revd Donald McVean 1844

Croft called Ballemore for 19 years after Whity 1845

Edinr. 14 April 1845 As Agent for the Duke of Argyll I hereby Certify That what is written upon this and the Three preceding pages is a true Copy of the Lease between His Grace [..th] McVean of Ballimore croft.

James Dalgleish

Dent & Co. Trading Company.イギリス系貿易会社

-19世紀半ば，ジャーデン・マセソン商会に並ぶ東アジア最大の貿易会社．1867年に倒産するまで，多くの開港場に事務所を持っていた．

SOURCE

(1) Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography

-This article was written by by Christopher Munn.

Dent, Lancelot b. 1799 Westmoreland, England d.1853 Cheltenham, England. Merchant

Dent, Wilkinson b. 1800 Westmoreland, England d.1886 London. Merchant

Dent, John b. 1821 d. 1892 ?London. Merchant.

Dent & Co. was one of two powerful opium trading houses on the China coast at the time when Hong Kong was taken by the British (the other was its competitor and arch-rival, Jardine, Matheson & Co.). Founded in Canton and run by three brothers, Thomas, Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent, Dent & Co. was at the forefront of the China trade from the 1820s to the 1860s. Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent oversaw the firm’s relocation from Canton to Hong Kong in 1841. Their father, William Dent of Westmoreland, was at one time a merchant in Canton, and Thomas, the third son, was the first of the brothers to follow his father in seeking his fortune in China.

In 1820 Thomas joined the Canton firm of W.S. Davidson & Co.,and four years later, having become senior partner, changed the name of the firm to Thomas Dent & Co. Thomas was canny enough to invite Robert Hugh Inglis, son and nephew of two of the East India Company’s directors, to join as one of his partners, thus establishing impeccable connections for the firm.

In 1827 William Dent’s fifth son, Lancelot, joined the firm and later succeeded Thomas as senior partner when his elder brother left the company in 1831. Wilkinson Dent, the sixth son, arrived in Canton via Calcutta in 1835 and was present in 1839 when Lancelot was drawn into a clash with the Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu. Sent to Canton by the Chinese Emperor to suppress opium smuggling, Commissioner Lin began by requesting a meeting with Lancelot Dent, who in the absence of William Jardine, was regarded as the ‘head man’ of the foreign smugglers. Dent & Co. was alleged to possess 6,000 chests of opium. Fearing imprisonment by the Chinese authorities, and urged on by his brother Wilkinson and other merchants, Lancelot declined the invitation unless he was granted safe return. Lin refused to compromise and threatened arrest, at which point Charles Elliot, Superintendent of Trade, rushed to Canton from Macau to intervene and to place Lancelot under his protection. Lin then issued an order to take hostage the entire foreign community at Canton and demanded the surrender of the opium they held. The result was a stand-off. Elliot attempted to resolve the siege by buying up the opium from the British merchants, in effect making it the property of the British government. This gave him the right to surrender over 20,000 chests to Lin, who had the opium destroyed but then made further demands before normal trade could resume: the signing by merchants of a bond promising on pain of death not to trade in opium. Elliot adamantly refused. What had started as a trade dispute now turned into a confrontation between the Chinese and British governments, and led to the Opium War (1839-42).

In 1841 Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent moved their headquarters to the newly ceded colony of Hong Kong.  Theirs was one of the first companies to purchase land along the waterfront, a property augmented soon after by a second site on the other side of the road. In 1843 James Legge wrote about Dent and Co.’s ‘imposing flat-roofed house’ in the ‘garden ground’ between Wyndham and Wellington Streets. In 1851 an employee of the firm, a Mr Braine, offered the house ‘Green Bank’ to the Government for use as Government House, and its garden for expansion and development as a public garden. The government declined his offer.

(2) Present day impressions of the Far East and prominent and progressive Chinese at home and abroad., 1917.

-This article was written by Cameron, W. H. Morton,  The firm Dent & Co. started business after the expiration of the monopoly of the East India Company and closed in 1867. The new firm was established in 1868.

John Francis DUNDAS, 1810-1888. MICE..ジョン・フランシス・ダンダス. スコットランド人技師

＋このダンダスは、19世紀半ばエジンバラでマッカラムと一緒に技術事務所を共同経営していた。この事務所でマクヴェインは技術研修を受けた。スコットランド南部の大地主から地所測量と開発計画を請け負い、さらに陸軍測量事業の一躍も担っていた。このダンダスはアーリストン出身なので、イギリス陸軍測量局の創設者の一人であるロバート・ダンダスRobert Dundasの曾孫だと思われるが、具体的関係は不明。

(1) M'Callum and Dundas, civil engineers office, Edinburgh. 1835-1857.

・Reports of the Proposed Line of Railway from Carlisle to Glasgow and Edinburgh by Annandale, 1838. 

・Map_Lanark_M'Callum and Dundas, 1856.

・A Plan of the Lands belonging to and held in feu of the Burgh of Dumfries Contents of a Plan of Lands belonging to and held in feu of the Burgh of Dumfries , 1837.

(2) NZ National Library.

・Consulting engineer and farmer. Arrived on the ship 'Bombay' in 1862. Provincial Engineer for Southland 1863-1869; involved in controversy over Southland railways. Farmed at Kapuka and Oteramika, Southland. Father of John Francis Dundas, editor of the Nelson Evening Mail.

※1862年にはマッカラムとの共同技術事務所をたたんで、ニュージーランドで1863-69年に鉄道建設に従事した。

(3) NZ National Library.

Dundas, Alexander, 1841-1891

Surveyor. Son of John Francis Dundas (1810-1888). His first recorded surveys were in Otago in 1861, as a member of the Provincial survey staff. In 1862 he laid out the town of Palmerston. In 1864 he moved to Wellington as an Assistant Surveyor on the Provincial staff, working in the Wairarapa district where he was responsible for much of the original triangulation survey. In 1870 he moved to the western side of the Province and for a number of years was engaged on the subdivision of the Manawatu and Rangitikei blocks. He was a foundation member of the New Zealand Institute of Surveyors. See `NZ Surveyor', Vol XV No 8, p 277 for a photo of Dundas and his colleagues taken in May 1868. Married Ellen Elizabeth, daughter of Capt Trafford (late 65th Regiment) on 31 July 1872 at Christ Church, Wanganui (Wellington Independent, 9 Aug 1872, p 2).

(4) Proceeding of Institution of Civil Engineers

Retirement in 1860-61.

Robert DUNDAS, of Arniston, the Elder, 1685-1753. ロバート・ダンダス. スコットランドの法律家

＋このダンダス家はエジンバラ南部のアーニストンに代々続く大地主であり、多くの法律家を輩出した。特にこのロバートは、イングランドとの統合後のスコットランドの法律体系を作り出した人物と言われている。スコットランド啓蒙期の知識人としてドイツやフランスの最近知識の導入に熱心で、自分の領地を科学的測量による地図に描くことにした。彼はエリザベス・ワトソンと結婚した。エリザベスはエジンバラの裕福な商人の家の出身だったが、両親が急逝してしまい、兄弟たちを育てるためにこのロバートの求婚を受け入れたと言われている。ていた。弟のロバート・ワトソンは大変利発は子供で、義兄が集めた数学・測量の図書を独学し、そして義兄の支援の元でスコットランドの測量事業に乗り出した。18世紀前半、ジャコバイトの反乱が続き、それを鎮圧する軍隊の派遣に精確な地図が必要であった。ロバート・ワトソンは陸軍工兵隊に入り、その部下として同じくスコットランド出身であったウィリアム・ロイを雇った。この二人が18世紀半ばに陸軍測量局を始めることになる。同名の長男が後を継ぎ、さらに孫にあたるフィリップ・ダンダスはプリンス･ウェールズ（旧ペナン植民地）の初代統治者になった。

＋ダンダスはアーニストンの自邸の設計を、1726年に建築家ウィリアム・アダムに依頼した。ジョージアン・カントリーハウス。

Family Tree

Dundas of Arniston, Scottish legal and political dynasty

Robert Dundas, the Elder, 1685-1753,

+by Elizabeth Watson: one son and 3 daughter. Her brother was Robert Watson, who started up geodetic survey over Scotland with support of his brother in law.

+by Anne Gordon; 5 sons and a daughters 

Robert Dundas, the Younger, 1713-1787.

+by first wife; 4 daughters

+by second wife: 4 sons and 2 daughters 

1st son, Robert, 1758-1819, became Solicitor of Scotland, Lord Advocate, MP.

2nd son, Francis became a general and acting governor of the Cape Colony. ---- John Francis may be from this line.

3rd son, William, a lawyer and MP.

4th son, Philip, 1763-1807, superintendent of Bombay, MP, governor of Prince of Wales Island. Philip Dundas became first governor Prince of Wales Island.

Engineering Institution, 工学寮Kogaku-ryo

--Hugh Matheson was asked by Yamao Yozo to arrange teaching staffs for the Engineering School, and he called the officer in charge of education as Engineering Institution.

SOURCE

(1) 

F

Montague Arthur FENTON, 1850-??. モンターギュ･アーサー・フェントン。英語教師、昆虫学者。

＋最初、東京外国語学校で英語教師をしていたが、昆虫に大変興味を持ち、日本で昆虫学を始めた人物として有名である。

＋マクヴェイン日記に名前が登場する。姉のメアリはライマージョンズと1873年に横浜で結婚式を挙げているので、もしかすると姉と一緒に来日したと考えられる。

SOURCE

1) Transaction of The Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 56(3): 247−256, June 2005.

・松田真平･中村和夫：明らかになったFentonの生涯

Philip Kimball FYSON, 1846-1928.フィリップ・キンボール・ファイソン、宣教師。

＋イギリスのサフォーク州ブリー・セイント・エドモントで生まれ、ケンブリッジ大学クライスト・カレッジで神学を修める。1872年に祭司に任職され、ドライプール教会で奉仕した後、 英国聖公会から日本派遣宣教師に任命され、1874年(明治6年)にジョン・パイパーと共に来日する。ファイソンは、日本語を学んだ後、1875年新潟に行き、1882年に学校町に講義所を建てる。1889年には大阪三一神学校の校長になる。その後、北海道地方部初代主教として派遣される。1908年に引退し、イギリスに帰国して余生を過ごす。

＋大和屋敷のマクヴェイン家には1874年5月からたびたび出入りした。

SOURCE

(1)

FUJIKURA Kentatsu, 藤倉見達（旧名金治郎きんじろうKinjiro）, 1852-1934 . 初代灯台局長

＋1868年8月、マクヴェインらが横浜に到着すると、通訳として待ち構えていたのがこの金治郎。マクヴェイン日記にKinjiroとしてしばしば登場し、公務の通訳以外にマクヴェイン夫妻は金治郎から日本語を週2-3回習っていた。出身は膳所藩で、幕末の十代半ばにどのようにして英語を学習したのかは不明。

＋1871年12月にイギリスに派遣され、スティブンソン技術事務所で技術研修を受け、1872年4月に帰国すると、イギリス人技術者とともに灯台建設に当たった。藤倉見達（けんたつ）と名前を改め、初代灯台局長を勤めた。マクヴェインは1877年に藤倉金次郎と手紙をやり取りをしていた。

SOURCE

(1) 公文録：灯台寮八等出仕藤倉見達英国ヨリ帰朝届,明治7年7月

(2) アジア歴史資料センター：地名・人物・出来事辞典

・1851年3月4日（嘉永4年2月2日）生。膳所藩出身。1869年12月27日（明治2年11月25日）に民部省土木少佑に任じられ、以後、1871年7月2日（明治4年5月15日）工部省十二等出仕、1871年（明治4年8月）工部省燈台権大属を務め、1871年12月10日（明治4年10月18日）より工学修得のためイギリスに留学する。帰国後は、1872年4月（明治5年3月）工部省燈台寮八等出仕、1874（明治7）年12月5日工部省燈台三等上師を務め、

G

Henry Davenport GRAHAM, l825-1872. ヘンリー･ダベンポート・グラハム。イギリス海軍士官、博物学者

＋マクヴェインの博物学の師匠の一人で，「アイオナの古代遺跡"Antiquies of Ion(1950)"」、「アイオナとマルの鳥類"The Birds of Iona and Mull (1890)"」という著作がある。マクヴェインとは亡くなる迄頻繁に文通をしていた。

SOURCE

(1) Assorted rogues - Person Sheet (Henry Davenport Graham)

Henry Davenport wrote a rather well-known book “The Birds of Iona and Mull” [35] which contains quite a lot of personal reminiscences, and is a rather interesting read, even for someone (like me) who has little interest in birds. When he was young, around five years old, in 1830, the whole family went for a tour of Europe, and then spent the next few years to and fro between Paris, Clapham, Eastbourne, with a visit to Edmond Castle thrown in for good measure. In 1839 he went into the navy, and most of the rest of the memoirs are to do with his navy days.

After his marriage they spent two years in Canada, doing who knows what. All his life he made sketches of birds and the local wildlife, and was an accomplished artist. In this he took after his father, who also loved to sketch things (as is apparent from the surviving Family Chronicle, and from his existing journals). After the Canadian excursion they returned to Scotland, to the coast near Argyllshire, where they lived for a few years, before returning to the south of England in 1866, for his children to go to school, and to be nearer to his parents [35]. Henry died very young, well before his parents died. I wonder why.

In 2013 I met (over email) a descendant of Henry, called Anne. She provided me with copies of pages from the family Bible, as well as many personal reminiscences that she had herself collected from her grandparents. She very kindly provided me with a great deal of information. Most of the details of the descendants of Henry Davenport come from Anne.

According to Anne:

“My g.g.grandfather was Henry Davenport Graham, that family lived in Lochgilphead on the west coast of Scotland. As a young married man he and his young wife emigrated to Canada to try and make his way. After a couple of years, they gave up and returned home.They had a little son, who they doted on, unfortunately aged 1-2 years he was taken ill in the morning, and by nightfall he was dead, presumably of diphtheria.”

グリグスビー、ウィリアム･エベネザーWilliam Ebenezer Grigsby, 1845-1903.

＋明治初期の開成学校において国際法を講義した最初のイギリス人法学者。グラスゴー大学で文学と神学を学んだ後、オックスフォードで法学を修め、1874年に明治政府の招請を受ける。

-マクヴェインが一時帰国から帰任するときに、このグリグスビーとボアンヴィルのフィアンセであるアグネス･コーワンを同伴した。マクヴェインとグリグスビーの父親同士が知り合いだったこともあり、大和屋敷のマクヴェイン家にほとんど毎日立ち寄り、夕食を共にした。帰国しても、亡くなるまで文通をしていた。

SOURCE

1) University of Glasgow Archives

   He was born in Chelmsford, Essex, on 3 April 1847, son of David Grigsby, a schoolmaster and Congregational minister. Grigsby enrolled at the University of Glasgow in 1864, aged 17. He studied under the Arts faculty for three years (1864-67), graduating MA in 1867, and remained at the University for a further two years (1867-69) to study Divinity. From there he went on to gain a Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) from Baliol College, Oxford in 1873, before being appointed Professor of International Law at the University of Tokyo, prior to 1868 known as Jeddo University in 1874. He returned to the University of London where he graduated LLB in 1879 and LLD in 1880. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1881.

ゴッドフレーJohn Godfrey Hochstaetter Godfrey, 1841-

＋マクヴェインと共に、工部省鉱山寮発足と共に主任技師として雇われた。ダルムシュタットのドイツ人夫妻の家に生まれ、フライブルク鉱山学校で2年間学んだ。鉱業エンジニアの資格を得て、1862年、イギリスに渡りパーシィ博士の研究助手となった。マクヴェインの二倍の給料で雇われた。ゴッドフレーは現場視察調査が多かったが、東京に滞在中は頻繁に大和屋敷のマクヴェイン家で夕食を取っていた。1872年から鉱山寮で気象観測を指導し、1873年1月から1876年12月まで内幸町観測所の毎月の気象データを太政官に報告した。

SOURCE

(1)  『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時34歳［雇用期間］ロンドンで雇入、工部省鉱山寮(4年9月4日より3ヶ年)工部省鉱山局(雇継7年10月17日より3ヶ年)［職種］鉱山師長［給料］月給①800ドル

(2) 工部省M4年11月5日鉱山御雇英国人一名着港届

鉱山御雇い可相成り英人「ホッツタルゴドフレイ」儀去る十月二十八日横浜へ着校致し候、右は去る二月中鉱山師御雇外国人の儀伺済中の壱人に有之候間為念此段御届申上候也

辛末年十一月五日 工部省

(3) Obituary ICE 1881

MR. JOHN GODFREY HOCHSTAETTER GODFREY, son of Mr. Felix Hochstaetter, was born at Darmstadt on the 30th of April, 1841. After receiving a thoroughly sound education , in 1860 he entered as a pupil the celebrated mining academy at Freiberg , where he remained two years, and gained a certificate as a metallurgical engineer. He came to London in 1862, and worked for two years as an assistant in the laboratory of Dr. Percy, F. R. S., Hon. M. Inst. C. E., making numerous experiments, and many of the results he obtained are fully recorded in Dr. Percy 's treatise on the “ Metallurgy of Iron and Steel,” published in 1864. He was afterwards engaged , for six years (1863-69), in copper mining and smelting in Cuba , and subsequently examined and reported on various mining properties. in the Lake Superior district, U .S. A. He then spent some time in London , and, in 1870, undertook several investigations, the particulars of which are given in Dr. Percy 's treatise on the “Metallurgy of Gold and Silver ,” published in 1880, and which were acknowledged in the preface to that work in the following terms : “I must not omit to state, here, how much I feel indebted to my excellent friend, Mr. J. G. Hochstaetter Godfrey , for his gratuitous, laborious, and persevering co -operation throughout a large part of this volume." In 1871, he was appointed Mining Engineer-in -Chief to the Japanese Government, and had hoped to open out and develop some of the coal, iron, copper, gold, and silver mines with which that empire abounds; but he did not succeed in accomplishing so much as he desired . During his residence in Japan he collected , and presented to the Museum of Practical Geology, an extensive series of Japanese alloys of silver and copper, and a native model of the interior of a Japanese mine ; and he obtained information as to the process of liquating argentiferous copper, and as to silver smelting in Japan, which will be found described in Dr. Percy 's treatise last referred to Having become a naturalised Englishman , he settled in London as a professional mining engineer and metallurgist, and in the pursuit of his practice went to India , where he died suddenly , at Calicut , on the 16th of October, 1880. He was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 5th of February, 1878 .

H

John Thomas HARDY, ジョン・トーマス・ハーディ、イギリス人技師。

＋1872年5月、インド植民地ボンベイ管区公共事業局の技師長コモス・イネスの紹介で、マッカーサーとともに工部省測量司に測量師として雇用された。就任してまもなく、職務怠慢を繰り返し、同僚から不評をかった。その原因の一つはジョイナーとのトラブルであった。師長マクヴェインからしばしば忠告を受け、鉄道寮への移動を打診される[Source(2)]。1874年に公務一時帰国からマクヴェインが復職しても態度は変わっておらず、測量司は彼に辞職を求め、12月に裁判を起し、翌年早々解雇が決まった[Source(3)]。

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時34歳［雇用期間］内務省測量司(5年5月15日より3ヶ年)［職種］工部省測量助役［給料］月給初年300ドル

(2) McVean Diary 1874

(3) The Japan Weekly Mail, December 14, 1874.

John William HART, 1838-1900.ジョン・ウィリアム･ハート、イギリス人技師。

＋1869年に神戸外国人居留地で、ジョン・スメドレーとともに技術事務所を開設した。マクヴェインは灯明台掛勤務時代の1869年1月、神戸･大阪にいっているので、その時知り合ったのであろう。マクヴェインはハートとスメドレーを信頼していたらしく、灯明台を離れてからは、お互いに「ヴァルカン鉄工所」という工場を持ち協働していたと思われる。1872年3月にマクヴェインはハートに参考図書や測量器機を譲ってくれるように、また、スメドレーには銀座再開発計画の作成を頼んでいる[1872Diary]。

+MICEイギリス･シビル･エンジニア学会会員であったらしいが、同学会雑誌に死亡録は見当たらない。

SOURCE

(1) 

Albert George Haws, 1843 - 1897. 

HAYASHI Tadasu, 1850- 1915, Government Officer, Diplomat. 林董、明治政府官僚、外交官

＋マクヴェインは、1873年3月末に横浜を発ち、その時、林はイギリスからヘリー・ダイアーらの教師団を引率して日本に向かっており、インド洋洋上ですれ違った。そして、一時帰国から戻って、1874年5月に工学寮でこの林と出会った。しかし、林は横浜のヘップバーン英語塾で英語を習っていたので、マクヴェインはヘップバーンから林のことは聞いていたのであろう。工学寮教師らとともに名刺交換をした。1868年5月、幕府派遣イギリス留学から帰国すると、義兄の榎本武揚に従い箱館で薩長軍に抗戦。降伏後、青森で室田秀雄らと一緒に謹慎生活。

SOURCEE

(1) 『後は昔の記他My Memories of the Past』

(2) 『丸毛君謹慎日記』

・丸毛牛之助は、青森の蓮華寺にて、榎本対馬、安藤太郎、林董三郎（後の林董）、榎本勇之助(一連隊頭取、釜次郎兄)、室田秀雄（軍目付、重傷）、友野栄之助、牛出勝魔と同室で謹慎。

James Curtis HEPBURN, 1815-1911. ジェームス･カーティス・ヘップバーン、メリカ合衆国からのキリスト教宣教師、医師、日英辞典編纂

+アメリカ合衆国からの宣教師

SOURCE

(1) James Curtis Hepburn was the great grandson of Samuel Hepburn who had departed his native Scotland because of religious persecution and left for America with his family in 1773. In 1840 he volunteered as a medical missionary of the

百葉箱/鎧戸箱（Hyakuyo-bako）。<Louver-Boarded Box for Thermometers>よ見よ。

I

Cosmo INNES, 1841-1887.コスモ・イネス、スコットランド系イギリス人技師

＋同名のエジンバラ大学教授の長男として生まれ、マクヴェインと同時代にエジンバラで高校生活と技術者修業を行った。親友同士になり、お互い助け合い、海外飛躍を誓い合った。1868年に、マクヴェインは幕府の灯台建設技師に、イネスはインド植民地公共事業省技師となった。1872年、マクヴェインが測量師長に就任するとイネスに技師派遣を依頼し、ハーディ、マッカーサー、ファーマンの3人が来日した。ファーマンは測量司ではなく鉱山寮に移った。

＋このイネスの姉はJohn Hill Burtonと結婚し、この二人の間に生まれたのがウィリアム・バートンWilliam Burtonであった。1879年にイネスはロンドンで技術事務所を開くと、甥のバートンを助手として雇った。内務省は衛生技師を海外から招聘することを決めると、イギリスにいるマクヴェインに助言を求め、イネスを経てウィリアム・バートンが推薦されたと思われる。彼は1887年に明治政府内務省雇用となる。

SOURCE 

(1) マクヴェインの結婚と日本政府雇用に対するとコスモ･イネスからの手紙

My dear McVean June 3 1868

Allow me to congratulate you most sincerely. I am not sure that I have ever met Miss Mary Cowan but I think I know several of her sisters. I hope you will not forget to let me know where you are to be found in London when you pass through as I should like much to see you. Of course I shall take the greatest interest in your success in Japan as I was so near going with you

Yours sincerely

Cosmo Innes [jn]

(2) Obituary ICE

Cosmo Innes, the youngest son of the well-known Cosmo Innes, Advocate, and Professor of History at Edinburgh University, was born on the 11th of December, 1841, and was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, and in the Applied Science Department of King’s College, London. He served a pupilage with Mr. Robert Sinclair, M. Inst. C.E., and was afterwards employed as a resident engineer on the Great Eastern Metropolitan Railways for two years, from August, 1866, to August 1868. He then went to India as agent for Mt Joseph Bray, the contractor, and had charge of the construction of a portion of the Great Indian Peninsula railway, connecting Bombay with Madras. In November 1870, he joined the Public Works Department of the Government of India. {the inst. c.e. vol.xc.}

(3) 馬場紘二氏の轟亭の小人閑居日記：W・K・バルトンの学歴と職歴(2006/05/18付) 来日前のW・K・バルトンの学歴と職歴を、藤田賢二東大名誉教授の基調講演「わが国衛生工学の始祖バルトン」と、稲場紀久雄教授の講演から、まとめておく。エジンバラ・カレジエイト・スクール(藤田教授はインスティテュー ト)を卒業したバルトンは、1873年(17歳)ブラウン・ブラザーズ商会にアプレ ンティス (徒弟・見習い)として入社した。(裕福で教養のある家庭に育った バルトンがそうした道に進んだのは、当時「工学」を身につけるためには、そ のようにしていたからのようだ。) その2年前に創業したブラウン・ブラザー ズは(土木機械などを扱い)、後に船舶機械の世界的メーカーに発展する。創業者アンドリュー・ベッツ・ブラウンは、希代の発明家で、優秀な船舶用スタビライザー(安定装置)を発明し、同社の基礎を築いた。バルトンは、1878年 (22歳)ローズバンク鉄工所の機械技師、主任技師となる。 稲場教授は、バルトンが生涯の仕事を何にすべきか悩んでいた、という。 産 業革命には、光と影の両面があった。機械工学は光のあたる分野だったが、 社会的に切望されていたのは衛生工学だった。これより前、父親のジョン・ヒル(1809-1881)は、30歳代初め、親友エドウィン・チャドウィック(イギリス で「公衆衛生の父」と呼ばれている)と環境衛生の重要性と関係制度の創設を訴える社会活動を展開した。チャドウィックは、1842年、『大英帝国における 労働人口の衛生環境に関する報告書』で産業革命の影の部分、多くの若者が20 代で犠牲となって死んでいる事実を指摘し、これが1848年の『公衆衛生法』の成立に結びついた。これにはジョン・ヒルの側面からの支援があった。

1858年は、イギリスでは「大悪臭年」と呼ばれる記念すべき年(余談だが、日 本では慶應義塾誕生の年)で、水洗便所がどんどん普及し、みんなテムズ河に流 れ込むのに、雨が少なくて暑い夏で、ロンドン中が悪臭に包まれた。ところ が地方分権の力、教区の力が強くて、下水道(上水道も)が作れない。それを 強力な保守党政治家ディズレーリが公の力でやるべきと主張し、法律ができた 衛生行政革命の年だった。衛生工学に進んだバルトンの生涯には、父ジョン・ ヒルの強い影響を認めることができる、と稲場教授は言う。

徒弟修業を7年間務めた1880年、悩める青年バルトン(24歳)の前に、土木 技術者の叔父(母の末弟)コスモ・イネスがインドから帰国、バルトンの生涯を大きく変える。この年、バルトンはキングス・カレッジ・ロンドン(ケンブリ ッジのキングス・カレッジではない)の化学分析の1ヶ月コースに在籍した。土木は大都市住民の健康を守ると、二人は共同経営で『イネス・バートン・コ ンサルティング・エンジニアーズ』を設立、82年には今日のNPOのようなも のか『ロンドン・サニタリー・プロテクション・アソシエーション(衛生保護協 会)』が併設される。会社と協会の業務は表裏をなし、環境衛生に関するあら ゆる技術的相談が持ち込まれたことだろう。叔父が病気がちだったので、バ ルトンにとって実務を通して、真剣勝負の7年間だったろう、と稲場教授は語った。バルトン来日の87年(31歳)、会社はコスモ・イネスの個人名となる。

※上記の記述は誤っており、コモス・イネスはインド植民地公共事業局に在勤中、都市の衛生改善に取り組んだ。3年後、イギリスに帰国して、衛生技術事務所を自営するとともに、衛生改善協会の重鎮となった。バートンが衛生技師を専門とするのはこのイネスの影響である。

Imperial College of Engineering,  officially from 1876 - 1886.工部大学校、1873年11月小学校授業開始、1876年4月大学校正式開校。

--By Edmund Morel's advise, Yamao decided to open engineering school under the Public Works, in 1871, and recruited teaching staffs through Morel's channel. As Morel passed way in November 1871, no one knew how Morel planed the engineering school, such as term of study, course, calendar, instructors etc., except of rough organization consisting of  College and College School.

Fleeming Jenkin, 1833*1885.フレミング・ジェンキン、エジンバラ大学教授、技術教育論

＋グラスゴー大学教授のウィリアム・ランキンに並び称されるエジンバラ大学シヴィル・エンジニア教授。エンジニア分野だけでなく、博物学の知識を持ち、ダーウィンの自然淘汰論には批判的であった。1865年からイギリスにおいて工学大学の創設が議論されていた際、ジェンキンは伝統的な徒弟制的な実務技術研修を指示し、ランキンと意見を異にした。工学寮工学校校長ヘンリー・ダイアーは日本人をグラスゴー大学へ留学させたが、しかし、ブラントンは配下の藤倉見達や石橋絢彦などエジンバラ大学の方を勧めた。そして、このジェンキンの世話になった。

SOURCE

(1) Obituary ICE.

J

Henry Batson JOYNER, 1839-1885.ヘンリー･バトソン・ジョイナー、イギリス人技師。

＋ジョイナーは徒弟研修から助手までの間、チャールズ・ニクソン事務所で鍛えられ、建築設計から測量まで広い実務を身につけていた。ニクソンは、リージェンシー期に王室管財建築家（Surveyor General）を勤めたジョン･ナッシュのもとで長らく働いていたので、建築設計と施工に長けていたのであろう。

＋マクヴェインの生涯の友人の一人。マクヴェインが1869年9月に燈台寮を辞職してからまもなく、エドモンド･モレルに率いられた鉄道建設技術者として来日した。1871年10月工部省が発足するとマクヴェインが師長を勤める測量司兼工学寮兼建築営繕に転属し、1877年雇用契約満期終了。その後、気象観測事業のために一年間の任期延長。マクヴェインとは馬が合ったのか生涯の友であった。彼が気象観測を建議したというのは間違い!!

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時35歳［雇用期間］内務省(4年11月中旧鉄道寮より雇替)②測量司③地理寮⑤内務省地理局(①4月10月より2ヶ年②4年10月5日より2ヶ年、6年11月13日満期、雇継評議中③6年11月4日より月雇④雇継7年7月1日-10年6月31日)8日-8年11月7日)［職種］①測量助長④測量師気象課専科［給料］月給①最初2ヶ年350円、雇継3ヶ年目400円［備考］7年7月再雇後ハ気象ノ事業専ラ担任示来休暇日トイエドモ観測ノ業務勉励側ラ我技員ヲ協働シ、彼是功労有之候ニ付、内務省届,10年7月2日)

※マクヴェインが一時帰国していた1873年10月に雇用契約満期となり、マクヴェイン帰国まで月雇いの師長代理を勤めた。本来は1874年5月に再雇用の契約が結ばれるはずなのに、7月になって3年契約となった理由はなんなんだろう。気象専任になった時期は不明で、1875年7月から8月にかけて富士山登山などのために3週間の休暇を取っており、「功労賞」の文言はそれ以後に当てはまる。

(2) Obituary: Henry Batson Joyner, 1839-1885, Proceedings of the ICE, vol.79-1885, 1885, pp.370-371.

HENRY BATSON JOYER, eldest son of the late Mr. Henry St. John Joyner, of Northwick, Harrow, was born July %h, 1839.

From 1856 to 1860 he served a pupilage under the late Mr. Charles Nixon, M. Iast. C.E. In l860 and 1861 he was an Assistant Engineer on the Parsonstown and Portumna Railway under Meressrs. Nixon and Dennis. From 1862 to 1868 he was engaged on the construction of the Cwm-Orthin Railway and on works for the supply of Tunbridge Wells with water, as Resident Engineer, also under Messrs. Nixon and Dennis. On the completion of the latter, he was retained by the Commissioners of that town as their Resident Engineer till 1870, in which year he left England to take up an appointment under the Imperial Government of Japan, in whose service he remained about seven years-being employed first in the Public Works Department, into construction of the earliest railway in that empire. On the completion of the first section, namely from Yokohama to Yedo, he was transferred to the Home Department, where his professional ability had a wider field. Among his chief labours were the trigonometrical survey of Japan, and also the survey of the capital, and other works of public utility; and here it may be mentioned specialIy, that it was he who organized and developed in Japan the Imperial Department of Meteorology (himself training and instructing the native students in a thorough knowledge of that science); and laid the solid basis on which the present system habse en built up.

For this he held testimonials of high praise and thanks from the government. His great interest in the subject of Meteorology, and the benefit that he felt would accrue to Japan from the development of that science, caused him to write, while still in the Imperial Government service, a non-official pamphlet, entitled, “The Progress and ultimate results of Meteorology, specially considered in reference to Japan.”

Mr. Joyner left Japan in 1877, and after a short stay in England, proceeded at the latter end of 1878 to South America, as Engineer-in-Chief for the planning and construction of the extensive water-supply and sewerage system of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The sewerage scheme for th0 above named city, with its many ramifications and domestic services, is now in full operation, with great benefit to the city. The water-supply is on the gravitation system; the water being conveyed to the city, a distance of 10 miles, through iron pipes from the springs in the hills of the Cantareira Forest, where are two largres ervoirs for accumulation, with their accompanying erections, built in solid masonry, hewn and quarried from the surrounding rocks. In the city are two fine service-reservoirs, built in solid brickwork, lined with asphalte. On the completion of these works in May 1884, Mr. Joyner returned to England, hoping to recruit his somewhat impaired health ; but having taken a severe cold, inflammation of the lungs set in, and he died on the 23rd of November, to the deep grief of all who knew his genial disposition, and respected his straightforward and manly character.

He was elected an Associate Member on the 6th of May, 1879, and was transferred to Member on the 29th of November, 1881. He was also a fellow of the Loyal Geographical and the Royal Meteorological Societies.

(3) McVean Diaries

-Saturday Jul 13, 1878, Fine. Spent the day at Wimbledon with Joyner  met MacKenzie in camp who with a friend called Wallace came up to house with us and went to the Alhambra after .

-Sunday Jul 14, 1878,  Fine. Dined with Shand - called for R. Jones  and Campbell of Islay  found all at home and met Lady Granville  -  took supper at 100 St. Georges Sqr. 

Monday Jul 15, 1878, Fine. Morning went in to city met Joyner and divided Curios at Cannon Sqr.

-Tuesday Sep 3，1878. I did nothing much except drive to Loch Nell & Kilbride with Campbell of Island & Joyner  -  Enjoyed the day much. Islay pronounces the serpent no serpent at all and  gave us his reasons  - met Aitken in the evening who introduced us to W. Black.

--Wednesday Sep 4, 1878. Consulted Joyner as to certificate agreed I should go and see Coleman. The Joyners, Mary, Bella Cowan and I had a very pleasant day at Duart Castle. We took Mr E  & boat there and picnicked. Mrs Guthrie & friends drove up while we were there and hearing who we were introduced herself.  She is B.H. Chamberlain’s Aunt. She seemed very pleased to see us. We had a glorious view from the top of the castle.

※1878年3月にジョイナーはイギリスに戻り、同年7月にマクヴェインはロンドンでジョイナーに再会した。そこで、シャンド、ジョン・キャンベル、グランヴィル夫人らと夕食を共にした。このグランヴィア夫人とは、キャンベルの妹で、1870年代前半に外相を務めていたグランヴィルと結婚していた。同年8月末に、ジョイナー夫妻はマクヴェイン夫妻に会うためにスコットランドやってきて、旧交を温めた。同年12月に、ジョイナーは南米の仕事を得てブラジルに出港した。

-Wednesday Nov. 6, 1878 - Letters from Home – Joyner to say he has got offer to go to Sau Paulo Brazile  - salary £2000 per an. 

※サンパウロの上水道建設技師として任用され、年2000ポンドの給料であった。1ポンド=5円なので、年収10,000円、すなわち月収820円となり、日本の給料の二倍

Robert Batson JOYNER, 1844-1899.ロバート・バトソン・ジョイナー、イギリス人技師。

＋ヘンリー･バストン･ジョイナーの弟で、同じく土木技術者であった。1868年からコモス・イネスとともにインド植民地ボンベイ公共事業局で鉄道建設を担った。

SOURCE

(1) Obituary ICE.

He was 3rd son of late H. St. John Joyner, and Frances, daughter of Alfred Batson, Ramsbury, Wiltshire. Appointed by Secretary of State to Bombay Public Works Department, 1868. Constructed Mutha Canal Irrigation Work and Poona Water Supply. Twice thanked by Government for work done in Great Famine, 1876-1877. Designed and constructed Gokak Canal Works and other large schemes. Employed in designing. And constructing works for utilising Falls of Gokak, 1886-1887, services being specially lent by Government of India. Sent to Sindh to specially report on irrigation matters, 1889. Appointed Superintending Engineer of that Province, 1891. And 1st Class Superintending Engineer, 1894. Had charge of Famine Relief Works, 1896-1898. Specially thanked by Government. Decorated for work in India. Membership: Member of Institution of Civil Engineers; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Interests: Rowing, polo, and pig-sticking formerly. Now photography, sketching, cycling, etc.

Jin-Riki-Sha/Jin-rikisha.人力車

--マクヴェイン夫妻は1869年横浜在住時代は駕籠に乗っていたが、1871年暮れに東京に移転し、1873年早々から頻繁に人力車を利用するようになる。

--The McVeans used the palanquin at Yokohama in 1869, and started using Jin-rikisha after Tokyo in early 1873 .

A. Existing Studies既往研究

(1) 斉藤俊彦『人力車（1979年）』、同書復刻版『人力車の研究（2014年）』

1.発明者はだれか、アメリカ人ゴーブル、

・アメリカ人宣教のボーブルは、1869年頃、病弱の妻のために小さな車を考案して大工に作らせた。

2.三人の発明者グループ、和泉要助聞き書、鈴木徳次郎の手記、

・明治2年和泉要助らは人力車を試作し、直ちに出願、洞4年5月に許可を得た。

・福沢諭吉は，慶応3年にアメリカから乳母車を持ち帰った。これをひいているのを見た和泉要助らは人力車を揃えた。「草郷清四郎談」『福沢諭吉伝第4巻』

B. 同時代外国人の記述Contemporary Foreigner's Descriptions

(1) 1869年2月のマクヴェイン夫妻日記の記述とスケッチMcVean's Diary on February 2, 1869

[Colin]  "go out to dinner Yokohama" with a vehicle illustrated. 

(2) 1873年1月付けマクヴェイン夫妻日記The McVeans Diary on Jan 16 Thursday, 1873.

[Mary] Another fine day wind still pretty high.  In the afternoon I walked to Mrs [Stas] found  her at home.  She shewed me a silk dress a hat, & other articles of European clothing which she had got for her own adornment in Yokohama.  The Cartmans and we dined with the Sheppards in the evening.  Went in jin rikisya lovely evening fine moonlight in returning. 

(3) 1875年3月5日のマクヴェイン夫妻日記.The McVeans Diary on March 5, 1875.

[Mary]   Mr Simpson stood proxy god father for babys grand papa  There were present at the baptism  besides those in the house Mr Shaw, Mr & Mrs Simpson & Mrs de Boinville & Mrs Rymer Jones. After tiffin went in six jin rikishas to Mukojima  to see the plum blossoms.

K

Kanrin-maru, a Shogunate Battle-Ship. 1855-1871.咸臨丸、オランダ建造の幕府海軍艦船

--咸臨丸の概要については他のサイトや書籍をご参照ください。工部省測量司とマクヴェインに関わることのみ紹介します。

--1860年、日米修好通称条約の批准のための幕府使節団を乗せて太平洋を横断することになった。艦長は勝海舟、航海長に小野友五郎、使節団員として福沢諭吉などが乗船した。

--上野の戦いを最後に幕府軍は分裂し、海軍の一部は榎本武揚に率いられて箱館を目指した。艦隊は慶応4年7月（1868年8月）に館山湾に集結し、太平洋沿岸を北上しようとしたが、咸臨丸は大嵐に遭い、伊豆半島の方に流され、清水で新政府軍に降伏した。艦長を務めたのが小林文次郎で、彼らの逮捕と処罰を決めたのが新政府側軍艦御用掛の増田明道（佐賀藩出身、長崎海軍伝習所習い）であった。多くの咸臨丸乗船者が惨殺され、生き延びた小林はイギリス政府の支援を受けた薩長土肥に対して並々ならない感情（不信感）を抱くようになったと思われる。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Achieves

-1872-73 Diary

(2) 太政類典

-諸官進退状第一巻・明治四年七月、河野亀太郎任侍従ノ件

-諸官進退状第四巻・明治五年一月、山口県士族河野亀太郎工部省七等出仕被命ノ件

･太政類典：明治6年3月8日「測量正河野通信ヘ達（3月19日工部）」、「工部省伺（壬申10月27日）」、「大蔵省解答（壬申10月29日）」、「左院意見壬申11月」、「工部省伺」。

･太政類典：明治7年1月12日測量正河野通信英国ヨリ帰朝 工部省届 測量正河野通信右ハ御用二付英国ヘ被差遣候処本日帰朝仕候此段御届申候也一月十二日着

(3) 工部省沿革報告

･794頁に、「明治7年1月9日測量司ヲ内務省ノ所轄ニ転属ス○十月工学権助河野通信任命ヲ畢テ英国ヨリ帰ル○十三日村田文夫本官ヲ罷メ測量正ニ専任ス○十四日河野通信本官ヲ罷メ測量正ニ転任ス」

※記述に誤記･誤謬があり、これは1月10日に河野は帰国し、同月12日に帰国届と辞職を内務卿大久保に伝え、翌日大久保は村田を後任に据え、14日に河野の辞職を認めたということなのであろう（2020年12月3日加筆）。

(4) 旧工部大学校史料･同附録

･73頁に、「明治六年三月八日工学権助河野通信命を奉じて英国に渡航す，工学権助村田重成測量正を代理す。是月測量司一等見習小林八郎を英国に派し留学せしむ，而して帰朝後明治七年九月飯塚義光と共に工学寮に入る」とある。

(5) 木戸孝允書簡集

-一通は明治5年5月15日付け亀太郎名義で、「井上、山形、山尾其外諸先醒より被差留、不容易御心配に預かり当正月工部省七等出身被仰付候処、亦々四月上旬工学寮権助に被任、、、」もう一通は明治10年2月5日付で「然は御発輿以前に上申候野口冨蔵意見書、別紙壱封不取敢呈上仕度、、、」とあり

(6) 諸官進退

第196号　改正御届　少書記官河野通信

右者今般異姓之本家再興之儀本県願当之家越智ト改姓山口県平民籍編入相成御届け出候ニ付願御届申進候也

明治16年7月28日　工部卿佐々木高行　太政大臣三条実美殿

※越智氏は古くに伊予に都落ちした豪族で、飲料水の手に入るこの地に定住する際に河野（かわの）姓にしたといわれる。源平合戦で源氏に味方した河野通信から、名前を頂いている（2022年3月20日加筆）。

(7) 元林務官従六位勲六等越智通信以下七名叙位ノ件、明治30年

越知通信（河野通信、河野亀太郎、山口藩）京都府平民、天保10年8月22日　山口県周防国阿武郡萩

明治4年8月3日　任侍従

同年11月23日依頼免本官

明治5年1月2日工部省七等出仕被仰付　工学掛申付

同年4月25日　任工学権助

同年6月12日　兼任測量正

同年6月15日　叙従六位

明治6年3月8日　御用有之英国ヘ被差遣ス

明治7年1月10日　帰朝

同年1月14日　免本官専任測量正

同年同月同日　測量司内務省へ引渡サル

同年1月24日　依頼免本官但任記返上　但満年賜金ヲ受

同年2月12日　補内務省六等出仕

　参議兼内務卿大久保利通随行

　九州表ヘ出張被仰付き

同年9月18日　依頼免本官

同12年9月1日　任工部省書記官

　倉庫局兼工作局出勤被仰付き

同13年2月18日　叙位六位

同14年12月5日　倉庫局会計主務被仰付

同15年3月4日　工部大学校出勤被仰付き　

※これにより河野は1月はじめにイギリスから戻るとともに辞職願を出したが慰留されことがわかる。辞職願の理由は測量司の内務省移管に間違いなく、しかしそれを理由にはできないので忌避願いを出した。山口で忌避が明けると、九州に来ていた大久保に従った。おそらく郷里の恩師や友人から大久保に従うよう諭されたのであろう。それでも、9月には退職している。

(8) 明治6年海外旅券

・3月12日第16号、測量正河野通信。山口県士族、33歳

(9) 木戸孝允日記

明治6年5月31日

・曇歯医に至り帰途兼松とハレーローヤを散歩し四字帰寓又散歩せり夜楢崎入江文を訪ふ不在九字帰寓楢崎其他数客来訪芳山戸田来訪今夕英国より渡海せりと云今折柄不在なり正二郎も同伴せり河野亀之進工部の用事にて龍動に来り諸氏と共に来て余を訪へり宗五郎公も御同伴と云。

明治6年6月1日

・河野の本邦の近況を聞得せり

明治7年1月13日

・河野亀之進頃日帰朝芳山富田佐々木及正二郎の書状を持帰れり

明治7年2月12日

。河野亀太郎来話（山田は九州行の相談なり今朝河北俊介も来て九州行の事を談す）

Thomas William KINGSMILL, 1837-1910. トーマス・ウィリアム・キングスミル、イギリス人技術者

+19世紀後半のインド及び中国にあって最も経験豊かで博識の技術者

SOURCE

(1)

(2)

Thomas William KINDER, 1817–1884. トーマス・ウィリアム・キンダー。イギリス人御雇い技術者。

※ブライトンのフェンネル博士の下で教育を受け、ロンドン郊外のウースターで民兵を勤めながら鉄道建設会社を起こす。多くの鉄道建設と経営に係わり、その経験から1863年に香港植民地の造幣局長官に任命された。この通貨の流通は成功せず、1868年に閉鎖され、日本に売却されることになり、キンダーも一緒に明治政府に局長として採用された。明治初期の技術者として最高の月給を支給された。

＋1869-75年に初代フリーメソン横浜ロッジのマスターを勤め、その下にマクヴェインが管財係を務めていたので、面識があり、何らかの関係があったとおもわれる。

--After retired from Military, he established his engineering office, for mainly railway construction.

He was the first master of Kobe & Freemason Yokohama Lodge, while McVean was a property manager. So, McVean was aquainted with him, and had some connection with him.

SOURCE

(1) 1884 Institution of Civil Engineers: Obituaries

    THOMAS WILLIAM KINDER was born in London on the 10th of November, 1817, and was educated at Dr. Fennell’s, the Temple, Brighton.

    He was appointed ensign in the Worcester Militia in 1840, lieutenant in 1846, and captain in 1853. His regiment was one of those embodied during the Russian war and Indian Mutiny, and he served continuously with it until its disembodiment in 1859, when he was transferred to the 3rd West York Militia, which remained embodied till the end of 1860. He thus, in his varied career, had seven years’ uninterrupted experience of military life, and possessed, in addition, a considerable acquaintance with the minutia of regimental duties, and the principles and tendencies of army organisation. He remained in the 3rd West- York Militia until 1870, when he retired with the rank of major.

    In 1845 he established railway-works at Bromsgrove and Oldbury, of which he was for ten years a partner, and subsequently conducted the locomotive department and working of the Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway.

    From 1851 to 1855 he had the management, under lease, of the Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland.

    Major Kinder was appointed Master of the Royal Mint, Hong Kong, in 1863, the entire organization, construction, and working of which institution he carried out with remarkable energy and approved ability until its suppression in 1868, at the instance of the Governor, the late Sir R. G. McDonnell.

    At about this period the Japanese Government, desirous of placing the national currency upon a solid basis, and urged strongly in this direction by the British Minister at Yedo, who clearly saw how necessary this step was before the domestic and international exchanges of the empire could be satisfactorily conducted, entered into negotiations with the Hong Kong Government for the purchase of the plant of the disused Colonial Mint, which was at once transferred to Japan.

    The high character borne by Major Kinder as a successful organizer and clear-sighted Mint-Master, recommended him to the then Finance Minister of Japan as the Director of the new institution, which rapidly took shape under his hands. The difficulties he had to encounter in this work were of an exceptional character, and demanded a combination of qualities with which it may safely be said few men are endowed in so ample a measure as was Major Kinder. But one by one all these difficulties were surmounted, and he gave to the empire of the Mikado a coinage of high artistic merit, redounding equally to the wisdom of His Majesty’s advisers and to the administrative powers of his Mint-Master.

    The empire was at this time in the throes of revolution, and Osaka, where the new Mint was erected, was not far distant from the provinces still held by some of the most powerful of the daimios, who maintained the declining cause of the Shogunate. It may easily be believed that the safety of his buildings and treasure caused Major Kinder no ordinary solicitude, and he planned and superintended the erection of barracks in the neighbourhood of the Mint, which guaranteed it effectually against dangerous surprises. He added gasworks to the establishment, and subsequently erected works for the production of sulphuric acid, which have since proved very lucrative to the Japanese Government.

    Major Kinder had the honour to receive the Mikado at the Mint, and subsequently had three or four audiences of his Majesty, one being on leaving Japan in 1875, when the Mikado publicly thanked him for his services. During his stay in Japan, he, in conjunction with the Finance Minister, Enouye Bunda, originated the postal department in that country, and with the same Minister was instrumental in organizing a system for alleviating the miseries of the poor. He also laid the first stone of the Masonic Hall at Kobe, and was its first Master.

    Major Kinder was elected an Associate of this Institution on the 4th of December, 1860. He had an intimate knowledge of mechanical details, with a far-reaching apprehension of results. Of an energetic character, and possessing great diplomatic tact, had scope been given him, he would have attained a more prominent position.

    Major Kinder latterly resided at Torquay. He died suddenly from disease of the heart, at the Norwood Junction station of the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway, on the 2nd of September, 1884.

See Also

1848 Institution of Mechanical Engineers: New Members

1884 Institution of Civil Engineers: Obituaries

DNB - Mechanical Engineers

KINJIROキンジロウ。藤倉見達を見よ。See <Fujikura Kentatsu>.

Albert Joseph KLASSEN, 1855-78.アルバート･ジョセフ・クラセン、イギリス人シヴィル･エンジニア。

--He was appointed as assistant surveyor in the Survey Office, Japan's Public Works in November 1872. After expiring his 3 years contract, he moved to Adelaide, Australia, and passed away following year.

＋1872年10月、マクヴェインの招聘に応じて、チーズマンとともに来日し、測量司雇いになった。おそらくチーズマンの友人で、3年契約満期後、1875年12月離日し、帰英後の1878年、チーズマン夫妻とともにオーストラリアに職を求めて移住。アデレード市の技師となった。チーズマンからマクヴェインに送られた手紙によれば、クラセンは翌年亡くなったとある。

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時34歳［雇用期間］内務省測量司(5年9月20日-8年10月21日満期)［職種］測量助役兼シウィル・エンジニール［給料］①初年250ドル、2年目300ドル、3年目350ドル②月給洋銀300ドル、7年9月20日より洋銀50ドル増、旅費不給、食料不給、宿料不給、右半年分(7年5月より10月迄)洋銀1868ドル33セント［備考］②奉職場所=7月及び8月旧測量司、9月より地理寮

SOURCE 2: Cheesman's Letter to McVean

Louvre-Boarded Box for Thermometers, 百葉箱/鎧戸箱（Hyakuyo-bako）

--Box for Thermometers.—In order to ascertain the temperature of the air, it is necessary that thermometers be protected from the direct and reflected rays of the sun, and at the same time have the benefit of a free circulation of air. No arrangement can completely fulfill both these conditions. For if they be completely protected from solar radiation, the circulation of the air must be unduly interfered with ; and if the circulation of the air is quite unimpeded, the thermometers are unduly exposed to radiation. All, therefore, that can be secured is a fair compromise between protection and circulation. The best and cheapest contrivance yet devised to meet these requirements is the louvre-boarded box for thermometers, constructed by Thomas Stevenson, C.E., Edinburgh, and now extensively used by the observers of the Scottish Meteorological Society, and other meteorologists. 

--温度計を降雨や日射に当たらないように、また空気の流れの中に置くために考案された百葉箱である。スコットランドの技師であるトーマス・スティブンソンが鎧戸を応用して作り出したもので、スコットランド気象協会の会員はもとより、広く気象観測者によって使われている。1873年にマクヴェインはスコットランド気象協会から、機器の選定から観測手法まで広範なアドバイスを受ける協定を結んだので、この百葉箱も購入品に入っていたと思われる。アレクサンダー・バッカン『気象学便覧Handy Book of Methorology (1867)』に短脚型として登場し、1873年のカセラ社カタログでは4フィートの高さとなっている。

SOURCE

(1) Handy Book of Meteorology by Alexander Buchan, 1867, pp.35-36.

A figure of the box, fig. 13, is here given, with the door let down to show the hanging of the thermometers inside. Fig. 14 shows the simple and ingenious method by which the

louvre-boards are fixed.

99. It is screwed to four posts firmly fixed in the ground, and these posts and the box itself are painted white, being the colour which absorbs least of the sun’s heat. The posts are of such a length that when the minimum thermometer is hung in its place it is exactly four feet from the ground. This height is an essential point in the arrangements of the observatory, owing to the very great differences which frequently obtain between the temperature of the air at four feet, at the surface of the earth, and at intermediate points.

100. Placing of the Thermometer-Box.—The box should be placed at some distance from walls, or other objects likely to be heated by the sun ; in an open space ; and over old grass to which the sun has free access during the greater part of the day.

  For if it is placed on the north side of walls or buildings, the thermometers do not indicate a sufficiently high day temperature nor a sufficiently low night temperature for the average of the district where they are placed. And if it is placed over black soil, which is more highly heated during day, and cooled to a greater degree during night than grass, the maximum temperature will be too high, and the minimum too low.

101. Mean Daily Temperature.—If the thermometer be observed once each hour, or twenty-four times a-day, and the sum of the observations he divided by 24, we shall obtain the mean temperature of that day. Observations of this nature, extending over considerable periods, have been made at Greenwich, Leith, Rome, Madras, and other places in different parts of the world, and the hourly means for each month have been calculated and published. These tables show that there are two times in the day when the temperature is the mean, occurring generally in winter between 9 and 10 in the morning, and between 9 and 10 in the evening, and in summer about an hour earlier. Hence 9 a.m. and 9 P.M. are the hours best suited for observing when only two observations are made in the day. The means of the observations at the following hours differ very little from the true mean temperature—4 a.M., 10 a.M., 4 P.M., and 10 P.M.; 6 A.M.,2 P.M., and 10P.M.; 7 A.M., noon, and 10 P.M.; and generally the mean of four hours at equal intervals will be found to give a result not far from the true mean.

(2) 1883 Catalogue of La Casella Co.

84. Stevenson’s Thermometer Stand, to be placed four feet above grass, The pattern adopted by the English and Scottish Meteorological Societies.£1.15.1

85. Louvre Board Case for Hygrometer, out of doors, or on board ship 15s.

86. Mountain Rain Gauge. This is the pattern adopted by Mr. Symons, for rough mountain work, and for waterworks purpose in wet districts.

LYEMOON, Ly-ee-moon, renamed as Taihei-maru  after purchased by the Shogunate Navy in1863.  鯉魚門（ライムーン、ライモン）

＋鯉魚門は、1859年テムズ川河口のテムズ造船所で建造された。設計は高速船のデザイナーとして評判の高かったジェームス・アッシュで、香港に拠点を置くデント商会からの発注であった。完成当時は2本煙突、3本マストの鉄製外輪蒸気船であり、当時、世界最高速の汽船であった。この汽船が公式運転で出した最高速度は17ノートを越えた。江戸幕府は、1859年に海軍奉行を設置したが、オランダから購入した艦船だけでは全く足りず、新船建造には数年の時間を要することから、中古船購入で急場を凌ぐことになった。デント商会の輸送船「鯉魚門ライモンLyemoon」号は1863年に横浜に来港したところ、とある外国商会の仲介により幕府海軍に買い取られ、「太平丸」と名前を替えた。1868年、太平丸は明治政府に叛旗を翻した榎本武揚らにより箱館に出航するはずだったが、しかし、機関が故障していたため新政府郡に拿捕されてしまった。1869年に新政府は横須賀製鉄所で太平丸を修理するはずだったが、修理ができずに売却することにした。1870年初頭、マクヴェインはブランデルらと資金を出し合いこの船舶を購入することにし、機関工を雇い、一年ほど掛けて修理した。1873年に、ハドソン･マルコム社に1万2千ポンド（6万ドル）で売却した（資料(4)）。ハドソン・マルコム社横浜支店は、1873年2月に太平丸に客を乗せてロンドンに出航した（資料(8)参照）。ハドソン・マルコム社は太平丸をスクリュー船に改造し、オーストラリア航路に用いることにし、1874年暮れに横浜に寄港した。「イラストレイテッド・シドニー・ニュース」によれば、1877年にピルモント港で火災事故を起こし、さらに1886年にグリーン・コープ沖で座礁沈没したことになっている。

+McVean bought Taihei-maru (former Lyemoon of the Dent & Co.) from the Imperial government in 1869, and sold it to Hudson and Malcolm Co. after repaired. 

SOURCE出典

(1) 坂本賢三、幕末期輸入船とその主機、日本舶用機関学会誌、第18巻第6号、1983年。 

○慶応2年(1866)10月付,勝安房守・木村兵庫頭連名の「十三ケ条意見書

鯉魚門先年外国奉行ノ手ニテ買揚ケシモノナレトモ其ノ当時ヨリ蒸気罐大破シ居リシヲ以テ之ハ既二新規製造シタルコトアリ

船体ハ鉄板厚ク堅牢ナルヲ以テ目下ノ状況蒸気罐ノミヲ取換ユルトキハ護送船トシテ最好適ナリ

(2) 支倉平次郎、幕末軍艦咸臨丸（下）、中公文庫、1993年。初版は1938年。

○船種；鉄、外、汽。長さ；276尺。噸数；355。馬力；370。安政6年（1959）英国ブルキウォル市にて製造、文久3年（1863）2月18日横浜に於いて幕府購入。肥田浜五郎の指示で矢田堀景蔵が金川で受け取り。品川、金川、大坂を往来したが、たびたび故障。慶応元年12月に鯉魚門の名称を太平丸と改む。明治元年4月11日、朝廷旧幕府軍艦処分の際、太平丸を徳川氏（静岡藩）に賜う。この船舶は脱走戦隊に付随せず、また諸藩版籍奉還の際、静岡藩より献納せしものの中に加わらざれば、老朽使用に堪えずして廃船となりたるものならん。

(3) 神谷大介『幕末の海軍』2018年、140-145頁

『鯉魚門』、南南蝦夷戦争記挿絵、市立凾館博物館『太平丸』、南南蝦夷戦争記挿絵、市立凾館博物館

・文久二年十二月十七日、アメリカ通訳官ポートマンが外国奉行村垣範正にイギリス製蒸気船「鯉魚門」の購入を打診している。「鯉魚門」はデント商会からウォルモンド経営の商社に十七万五千ドルで売り渡されており、かりに幕府が購入を断ると、これまでの交渉手数料と合わせて、ウォルモンドが大きな損失を抱えることになる。

・文久三年二月十八日受け取り、蒸気外輪、84m、355馬力、19.5万ドル。

(4) McVean's Diaries

--January 22, 1873. [Colin} Went to Yokosuka with Spence Stevens Waters & Mr Dond - to hold a survey on Lyemoon

--November 21, 1873. [Colin from London] Wrote Blundell informing him that the Lyemoon was sold for £12000.” 

--December 23, 1874. [Mary] Beautiful cold morning.  Watched the sun as it rose, about two or three of its own breadths to the left of the godown on Ataga Yama. I watched it from our bedroom window. Colin & Mr Joyner went to Yokohama by the 2.30 train to see the Stevens who have just arrived by the Lyemoon.

(5) 市立凾館博物館所蔵『南蝦夷戦争記の挿絵集』

・「鯉魚門」と「太平丸」の2隻が別々に描かれており、絵師は同一船舶であることを知らなかったと思われる。前者には日の丸が掲げられているが、おそらくデント商会から買い取ってすぐらしい。後者は幕府海軍船らしく、黒塗りに改装されてている。

(6) 太平丸、山田廸生「竣工当時世界対抗速度を誇った外輪汽船」、『ラ・メール』1991年3月号より

・1859年テムズ川河口のテムズ造船所で建造された。設計は高速船のデザイナーとして評判の高かったジェームス・アッシュである。完成当時は2本煙突、3本マストの鉄製外輪蒸気船で、日本船時代もこの姿であったと思われる。関連史書どれを見ても書いてあるのは、「リームーン」は当時、世界最高速の汽船であったということだ。この汽船が公式運転で出した最高速度は17ノートを越えた。

(7) Dockyard Economy and Naval Power by P. Barry, Sampson Low, Son, and CO., London, 1863, p.299.

--For eleven years Mr. Ash was in the employment of Meseers. C.J. Mare and Co., for six years in the employment of the Thames Iron Works, and it was during the last of these years that Mr. Mackrow, the present designer of the Thames Iron Works, acted as assistant to Mr. Ash. Them Mr. Ash the Thames has no more accomplished naval architect, and his yard is admirably adapted for the construction of ships of all classes. As a practical appreciation of Mr. Ash’s architectural skill, Arthur Anderson, Esq., the chairman of the Peninculast and Oriental Company, has entrusted him with the building of a yacht, — a hint not to be lost sight of by yachtsmen, nor by the Admiralty when in want of fast-going craft for despatch purposes.

(8) 広告「英吉利帆前早船ライムーン、ロンドン行き」、1873年1月、マクヴァイン文書

・船将スチーベンス乗組 右の帆前早船は来る当港開帆喜望峰筋よりロンドン表ヘ航海仕候に付欧羅巴洲御見物被成たき日本の御方々様には至て幸便にて特に手をく且美麗にして賃銀も頗安直にて当港よりロンドン表には二百三十五ドルもて総て御不都合なく御まらなひ可申候間右御望の御客様方は私宅にて御光来乃程伏て奉願上候以上　横浜本町通七十三番　ハドスン・マルコム社中　酉季第一月

(9) YOKOSUKA ARSENAL, Japan Weekly Mail on October 1870.

--The Mail reported how the Yokosuka Arsenal was found and managed, and was going to execute works. A large number of projects was in waiting list, No.9 of which was "No. 9 —An inlet— (the second in our previous enumeration.) An old steamer, the Ly-ee-moon, formerly belonging to Dent & Co., lies there in 28 feet of water. There

is accommodation here for six large vessels." This description matched to McVean's letter to his father dated February 1870, telling his father that he met Yamao Yozo in charge of the arsenal at Yokosuka. So, as soon as the arsenal gave up repair of the stream engine of the Lyeemoon, the arsenal sold it to the Vulcan Foundry through negotiation between Yamao and McVean.

(10) Sydney Moring Herald, Nov. 5, 1877

--This splendid clipper steamer, which was recently purchased by the Australian Steam Navigation Company, and employed by them in the Fujian trade, and which has lately been lying alongside the company's works at Pyrmont, has just suffered from a dreadful casualty by fire, which has gutted the vessel, and entailed a heavy loss upon the enterprising onwers. All appeared to be ferfectly safe on board the steamer till about midnight on saturday. All the persons on board at the time were the carpenter and boatmain, and one of the sewars. About 1 o'clock on SUnday morning, the watchman on the S.S.S. Company's works observed a more than ordinary light shining through the cabin windows. He immediately went on board and gave the alamr to the boatsmain and others on board, stating that he thought he had percived the smell of fire on board. The boatswain and carpenter made their way to the steamers saloon, but on bursting open the doors they were forced back by the flames, which rushed out on them. WIthin ten minits from this the ship was in flames in the whole from this the ship was in flamres in the whole of the amidships sections. T

*シドニー・モーリング・ヘラルド 1877年11月5日

オーストラリアン・スチーム・ナビゲーション・カンパニー（Australian Steam Navigation Company）が最近購入し、福建貿易に使用していたこの立派なクリッパー汽船は、最近、ピルモントにある同社の工場に横付けされていたが、火災による恐ろしい犠牲者に見舞われた。土曜日の真夜中頃まで、汽船内は完全に安全であったように見えた。そのとき船内にいたのは、大工と船頭、そして縫製工の1人だけであった。日曜日の午前1時ごろ、S.S.S.社の作業場の監視員が、船室の窓から普通以上の光が差し込んでいるのを見つけた。彼はすぐに船内に入り、船頭と他の乗組員にアラムを伝えた。船頭と大工は汽船のサロンに向かったが、ドアを開けようとした瞬間、炎に押し戻され、その炎が彼らに襲いかかった。それから10分も経たないうちに、船は中腹部全体が炎に包まれた。T

(11) State Library New South Wales: F8/39-40.

Ly-ee-moon on fire at Pyrmont on the morning of 5th November, 1877. The Illustraed Sydney News.

Ly-ee-moon sank on 30 May 1886 at Green Cape New South Wales. Built as an iron side paddle wheeler at Blackwall, London in 1859 the vessel was refitted in 1874 and converted to screw propulation. The new compound engine generated 160 horsepower. The graceful steamer retained an elegant clipper bow and now had a tonnage of 1202 tons and a length of 86 meters.

(10) Office of Environment Heritage Australia

   Prominent among the rolling green hills at Green Cape, south of Eden on the New South Wales south coast, are the tombstones erected to the seventy-one people lost in the Ly-ee-moon disaster of 30 May 1886. Built as an iron side paddle wheeler at Blackwall, London in 1859 the vessel was refitted in 1874 and converted to screw propulsion. The new compound engine generated 160 horsepower. The graceful steamer retained an elegant clipper bow and now had a tonnage of 1202 tons and a length of 86 metres. The wreck of the Ly-ee-moon was one of the most tragic losses on the New South Wales' coast. Driven onto the reef in a frightening sea, the steamer rapidly broke apart exposing all inside to the violence of the gale.  One by one they were torn from the hull or swept from the decks to drown or be cast against the rocks.  The bow was torn off taking the saloon and thirty passengers with it. They remained with water pouring up to shoulder height.   With no air left, they perished, a small boy being the only survivor, having put his head through a porthole; found unconscious, he was given mouth to mouth resuscitation and recovered. The lighthouse staff could offer no help, forced to watch the terrible scenes before them.  In total, seventy-one passengers and crew lost their life.  Those bodies that could be recovered were buried in a small cemetery away from the lighthouse.

(11) Mercurry, Wednesday Morning, June 21, 1876. Australia

--Ly-ee-Moon is Thames built, and her dimensions are as follows : Length, 272ft.; beam, 27ft. 6in. ; and depth of hold, 18ft. Her draught when loaded is 13ft. 6in, and her displacement at draught is 1,540 tons. The cabins are all on the main deck, and, A there is a flush upper deck more than two-thirds of the length of the vessel, which forms a splendid promenade, The saloon is well forward, and although somewhat limited in extent, is gorgeously furnished, and there is a very commodious ladie’ saloon, fitted up in similar style. The plan of the saloon is considered well adapted for the China seas, but it lacks the imposing appearance of the P. and O. Company's fleet, or of those of several of the intercolonial steamers. The sleeping cabins, however, are very large and well-ventilated, and furnished with all the requisities for making passengers comfortable.

   There is berthing space for 36 first-class, 24 second class, and 40 third-class passengers, and if required there ia accumulation for 300 in the tweendecks. The third class space is arranged in two divisions, so that the sexes can be kept separate if need be. In addition to all this, there is stowage for 1,350 tons of cargo. As the Ly-ee-Moon depends mainly on her steaming, she is lightly rigged, as a three-masted, schooner, and her appearance aloft is rather bare and scant. On the passage from Sydney here she had to steam against fresh S. and S.W. and westerly gales, and when off the Promontory the engines were slowed on account of thick weather. The steamer ran up her signal off Cape Schank, and kept then displayed for some time, but there was no answer. To-day the Ly-ee-Moon will be berthed at the Sandridge railway pier, and opportunity will be allowed the public for inspection.

--鯉魚門はテムズ造船所建造の船で、大きさは以下の通りである。全長272フィート、全幅27フィート6インチ、船倉の深さ18フィート、満載時の喫水は13フィート6インチ、喫水時の排水量は1,540トン。船室はすべてメイン・デッキにあり、船長の3分の2以上の長さのアッパー・デッキは平らで、見事なプロムナードを形成している。サルーンは前方にあり、広さはやや狭いものの、豪華な内装が施されている。サロンのプランは中国海域に適していると思われるが、P.&O.社の船隊やいくつかの植民地間汽船のような堂々とした外観には欠けている。しかし、寝室は非常に広く、風通しがよく、乗客が快適に過ごせるよう必要なものはすべて揃っている。

--一等船36人、二等船24人、三等船40人の乗船スペースがあり、必要に応じて300人分のトゥイーンデッキも用意される。三等船室は2分割されており、必要に応じて男女を分けることができる。これらに加えて、1,350トンの貨物の積み込みが可能である。鯉魚門は主に操船に依存しているため、3本マストのスクーナー船として艤装は軽く、船上の外観はかなりむき出しの乏しいものである。シドニーからの航路では、南風と西南西風の強風にさらされ、プロモントリーの沖合では厚い天候のためにエンジンがスローダウンした。汽船はシャンク岬沖で信号を発し、しばらく表示し続けたが、応答はなかった。今日、鯉魚門はサンドリッジ鉄道の桟橋に停泊し、一般客が見学する機会が与えられる。

LUARD, Hugh Bixley, 1863-1944.  Royal Engineer. Married to Flora Ann Phoebe McVean.

-19世紀後半から20世紀にかけてのイギリスの典型的家族では、優秀な男性子弟の多くは軍人となった。ルアード家も多くの軍人を出し、このビックスリーはブリティッシュ･コロンビアにジョン･パーマーらと派遣され、植民地のインフラ事業に従事した。その息子のヒューも軍人となり、マクヴェインの長男ドナルドと陸軍士官学校で一緒に学び、その縁で彼の妹と結婚するようになったのであろう。

-

SOURCE

(1) ANCESTRY

--Hugh Bixley Luard, Born about 1863 in Hatfield Peverel, Essex, England.

Son of Bixby Garnham Luard and Clara Isabella Sandford (Bramston) Luard.

Brother of Frederic Bramston Luard, Alexander Trant Luard, Frank William Luard, Clara Georgina Luard, Annatte Jane Luard, Edwin Percy Luard, Helen Lucy (Luard) Round, Kate Evelyn Garnham Luard and Trant Bramston Luard.

Husband of Flora Ann Phoebe McVean — married about 1904.

Father of John McVean Luard and Mary Clarissa Luard, 

Died 16 Feb 1944 at about age 81 

--Bixby Garnham Luard (1835 - 1919), Born 20 January 1835. Witham, Braintree District, Essex, England. Died 28 January 1919. Colchester Borough, Essex, England.

Father of Frederic Bramston Luard, Hugh Bixley Luard, Alexander Trant Luard, Frank William Luard, Clara Georgina Luard, Annatte Jane Luard, Edwin Percy Luard, Helen Lucy (Luard) Round, Kate Evelyn Garnham Luard and Trant Bramston Luard.

--John McVean (Jock) Luard. Born 1906 in Eastby, Yorkshire. Died 1998 at about age 92.

Son of Hugh Bixley Luard and Flora Ann Phoebe McVean.

Brother of Mary Clarissa Luard.

Husband of Susan Lamert — married 8 Feb 1936 in St. John the Evangelist, Walworth, Southwark, London, England, United Kingdom

Father of Nicholas Lamert Luard, [private daughter (1930s - unknown)] and [private daughter (1940s - unknown)]

--Nicholas Lamert Luard. Born 26 Jun 1937 in Hampstead, London, England. Died 25 May 2004 at age 66 in Kensington, London.

Son of John McVean Luard and Susan Lamert

Brother of [private sister (1930s - unknown)] and [private sister (1940s - unknown)]

Husband of [private wife (1940s - unknown)]

Father of Francesca Susan Luz De Beauregarde Baron Luard and Peter Luard

Ｍ

Alexander MACKENZIE, 1764-1820. Scottish Military Engineer.アレクサンダー・マッケンジー、ストランド出身の冒険家

--He originated in Stornoway, Hebrides, and educated at the same school with Colin Mackenzie.

--スコットランドのヘブリディーズ諸島のストノーウェイ出身で、東インド会社軍人のコリン・マッケンジーの従兄弟にあたる。

Colin MACKENZIE, 1754-1821. Scottish Military Engineer.コリン・マッケンジー、ストランド系軍人及び測量師

--He was well know military engineer and surveyor for the East India Office around the 19th century. He originated in Stornoway, Hebrides, and took early education at Scotland. So, I suppose that he had some connection with David Watson (1713-1861) and William Roy (1726-1790), Scottish military engineers who established the Ordnance Survey. When Colin McVean took last examination for civil engineers qualification after the 5  years apprenticeship under McLaLum and Dundas, he  wrote that high grade score was necessary to take good appointment like the India Office and the Admiralty. 

--コリン・マッケンジーは初代東インド会社技師長Surveyor Generalとなった人物として有名であり、1810年代にはラッフルズのもとでジャワの統治にも参加した。彼はスコットランドのヘブリディーズ諸島のストノーウェイ出身で、幼少時についてはほとんど分かっていない。しかし、この時代、スコットランド大貴族のロバート・ダンダスの支援のもとで、デヴィッド・ワトソンとウィリアム・ロイがスコットランド測地測量を開始し、陸軍測量局を創っていくことを考えると、彼らの影響のもとにあったことは間違いない。コリン・マクヴェインは、マカンデリシュ＆ダンダス事務所での5年間の実務訓練を終え、シヴィル・エンジニア資格試験を受けるとき、「これで良い成績を取らないと、東インド会社や海軍などの良い仕事に就けない」と父親に手紙を書き送っている。

William Benjamin MASON, 1853-1923. British Electric Engineer. ウィリアム・ベンジャミン・メイソン、電気技師

※1875年早々から大和屋敷のマクヴェイン家に頻繁に出入りするようになった。This Mason often visited and dinned at McVean's residence from March 1875. Probably McVean has known his father. 

--この人物の父親は、マクヴェインが残した住所録によればストランドに居を構えるR.H. Masonといい、すなわちReginald Herbert、有名な画家兼写真家であった。

SOURCE

(1) 『資料御雇い外国人』

・メーソン、ウィリアム・ベンジャミン。工部省電信寮明治7年10月22日より三年契約。150円。明治8年2月21日横浜着港。明治10年10月21日満期後も雇い継ぎ。

(2) McVean Diary

--Friday Jan 22, 1875. Mr Mason dined with us in the evening.

--Mason’s Fathers address x R.H. Mason Gt Temple Club  Arundel Street  -  Strand 

(3) Reginald Herbert Mason, 1830-

--Pictures of Life in Mexico, 1852, London: Smith Elder & Co.

(4) 

・彼はほぼ16年前、スコットランドの電信・郵便事業での大いなる将来を捨ててこの日本にやって来ました。日本では彼は勤勉に働きましたが、今から2年ほど前に、逓信省縮小のため、解雇されたのでした。

Thomas Russell Hillier McClatchie, 1852-1886. トーマス・ラッセル・ヒラー・マックラチィ。外交官、日本文化研究者

--1870年代に駐日英国公使館に勤務し、日本アジア協会会員として日本芸術文化を広く研究した。

MATSUO Tatsugoro, 183?-1872. 松尾辰五郎

※工学寮と測量司の最初の権助であったが、明治5年4月に病死したため、村田文夫が権助に昇進し、新たに室田秀雄が任用された。

--肥前藩士で戊辰戦争で官軍として戦う。

SOURCE

(1) 『工部省沿革報告』

James MCRITCHIE, 1847-1897. ジェームス・マックリッチィ。スコットランド系イギリス人技師

＋ブラントンを技師長とする燈台寮において、マクヴェインとブランデルの辞職後、後任として日本の灯台建設に尽力した。本来はブラントンよりも高く評価されるべき人物である。死亡録ではまず1871年6月に清朝中国灯台局に派遣され、翌年5月に明治政府灯台寮に転属したことになっているが、1870年にアイオナのマクヴェインの父親に会いに来て日本の話を聞いているので、もともと日本行きの可能性はあった。来日し横浜の灯台寮官舎住まいになると、しばしば東京にやってきてマクヴェイン家に出入りしていた。1879年に満期退職すると、ジョイナーの誘いでブラジルに渡り、上水道施設や市電の建設技術者として働く。1883年、ジョイナーと共にブラジルの公共事業局を辞し、マックリッチーはシンガポールの公共事業局に雇用され、そこで各種の公共事業建設の指揮を執った。

SOURCE

(1) Obituary of James MacRitichie (1895, EIC),

   JAMES MACRITCHIE, son of Mr. Alexander MacRitchie, superintendent Engineer to the Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company, was born at Southampton on the 26th of September, 1847. After being educated at the Dollar Institution in Scotland and at Edinburgh University, he wag trained as an engineer by Messrs. Bell and Miller, of Glasgow. During his pupilage he assisted in the design and construction of the Meadowside Slip Dock, Messrs. Barclay and Curle's Slip Dock, and the Albert Harbour and Esplanade at Greenock; and for the last year he was employed on the Greenock Harbour Works, After the expiration of his pupilage he remained as assistant to Messrs. Bell and Miller, and was engaged on the plans and in superintending the construction of several quays, a coaling-crane, and a railway swing-bridge, in connection with Port Glasgow Harbour.

   In January, 1867, Mr. MacRitchie became Assistant Engineer to Messrs. Bracey, Wythes and Aird on the construction of the Calcutta Waterworks. At the end of the following year, owing to ill-health, he returned home and re-entered the service of Messrs. Bell and Miller, with whom he remained until November, 1869, when he was appointed Resident Engineer on the reconstruction of the Glasgow Suspension Bridges, which he completed in May, 1871. At the same time he superintended the construction of Belmont Bridge over the River Kelvin and the alterations to Both-well Bridge, both under the direction of Messrs. Bell and Miller.

   Mr. MacRitchie was appointed in June, 1871, Assistant Engineer in the Lighthouse Department of the Chinese Government, and in May of the following year to a similar position in the Japanese Lighthouse Department. In 1873 he became Chief Assistant, and three years later Engineer-in-Chief, which appointment he held until 1880, when he returned home, he being the last foreigner in the service of the Japanese Lighthouse Department.

   In the following year Mr. MacRitchie proceeded to Brazil as Resident Engineer, under Mr. Alfred Rumball, to the City of Santos Improvements Company. In that capacity he designed and constructed a complete system of water-supply, new gasworks, and a line of tramway from the city to the Barra, a resort on the coast. These works he carried out with great skill and ability, although suffering from repeated severe attacks of fever which considerably impaired his health.

   In May, 1883, Mr. MacRitchie was appointed Municipal Engineer of Singapore, and took office on the 24th of September in that year. With that appointment, which he held until his death, his name will be particularly associated. His varied experience at home and abroad eminently fitted him for the important improvements and additions which he carried out in the roads, bridges, markets, abattoirs, lighting, water-supply and sanitary arrangements of the municipality, the Commissioners following his advice from first to last with the utmost confidence. The roadways, which are characterised by their excellence and durability, were almost entirely reconstructed by him. There were but two iron bridges in Singapore—Cavanagh Bridge and Elgin Bridge—when he became Municipal Engineer, the others being of timber in a dilapidated condition and unfit for traffic. He therefore directed his attention to their reconstruction, and to the placing of new ones, to give greater facilities for cross-river and cross-canal traffic. These bridges, too numerous to mention in detail, were all designed with the maximum of headway for boats and the minimum of depth consistent with strength. It may be sufficient to state that twenty-three were important structures, beginning with Coleman Bridge and ending with Koppel Road Bridge No. 1, and that many others, chiefly over canals and small water-ways, are to be found in every direction throughout the

municipality,

   Mr. MacRitchie's attention was also directed to the improvement and increase of the markets, resulting in the reconstruction of many, and in the erection of several new ones in iron, the Teluk Ayer Market being one of the largest and best in the east. One of his most difficult tasks was the introduction of abattoirs on European principles. Pulau Saigon and Jalan Besar abattoirs—large and well equipped—were completed by him in 1893, but it was not until December of the following year that they were utilised, owing to oriental prejudices, which were not overcome without much diplomacy and ingenuity. 'l'he improved lighting of the town also demanded much consideration. Regarding the matter from the standpoint of economy, Mr. MaoRitchie improved gas lighting as against electricity, after an exhaustive enquiry, the results of which he embodied in a report to the Commissioners, under whose directions be was experimenting on a large scale with Welsbach burners when he died.

   Though deeply interested in all these works, it was to the completion of the water-supply and to the sanitary arrangements of the municipality that Mr. MacRitchie directed his most attention, and he often expressed the wish that he might live to accomplish both. That wish was granted in the case of the water-supply, but his project for the destruction of the refuse and the disposal of the sewage of the town is still in abeyance. When he arrived at Singapore, the population was about 100,000 and the consumption of water 1,400,000 gallons per day ; the population is now about 145,000 and the daily water consumption 3,400,000 galIons. He found the reservoir, conduit and canalization ineffcient, in bad order, and leaking to the extent of 1,000,000 gallons per day.

   These he improved and enlarged, using with great success various methods for economising and preventing waste, and finally presented a scheme in 1891 for the enlargement of the impounding reservoir to 650,000,000 gallons, for the purification of the water by filters, for the duplication of the main, and for augmented pumping power to the extent of 336,000 gallons per hour, for which he proposed Worthington engines. All these works were approved by the Commissioners and completed by Mr. MacRitchie in the autumn of 1894, with entire success, notwithstanding perplexing diffculties in the construction of the reservoir-embankments, and just in time to save the town from a water famine, due to prolonged drought and increased requirements.

   On the question of the sanitation of the town and the disposal of its sewage, Mr. MacRitchie presented reports to the Commissioners from time to time, with the view of developing a system best suited to Singapore with its low-lying surface very little above tide-level. In 1892 he was deputed by the Commissioners to make a three months’ tour of the chief towns in Burma and India, with the object of reporting upon their sanitation. His examinations were detailed in an exhaustive report,’ to which he added a scheme for Singapore, advocating the destruction of the town-refuse in furnaces and the manufacture of night-soil into poudrette. To facilitate that, he proposed the division of the town into districts, each having its own destructors and poudrette works, to which latter the night-soil would be conveyed by Shone’s pneumatic system.

Mr. MacRitchie’'s death, which took place on the 26th of April, 1895, was caused by an attack of bronchitis developing into laryngitis and finally into congestion of the brain. That his work and character were highly appreciated by the Municipal Commissioners of Singapore is shown by the following resolution, unanimously passed at a special meeting held on the 6th of May last .—

“That there be recorded in the minutes an expression of the deep regret of the Commissioners at the premature death of Mr. James MacRitchie, who has filled the post of Municipal Engineer since August, 1883, with conspicuous success, That the Commissioners recognise the ability, zeal, and patient attention to detail which characterised all his work, and were gradually winning for him a reputation more than local. That they feel that this Municipality is indebted to him for many public works of vast importance, notably for the bountiful supply of water, and for improved roads and drains; and that had his life been spared, works no less important, which he had carefully designed, would probably have been successfully accomplished. That a copy of the resolution be forwarded to Mrs. MacRitchie, and that she and her sorrowing friends be assured of the sympathy of the Commissioners, of the ratepayers and of the public of Singapore whom her husband long and faithfully served.”

   The Commissioners have since resolved, as a further proof of their esteem, to place in the Town Hall a bronze medallion, containing his portrait and illustrating the principal municipal works he carried out.

Mr. MacRitchie entered heartily into, and filled a large place in, the social as well as the public life of Singapore. His kindliness and geniality secured a wide circle of friends at home and abroad, and his sound common sense caused his advice to be sought and valued in private as well as in public matters. He was elected an Associate on the 3rd of February, 1874, was subsequently placed the Associate members, and was transferred to the class of Members on the 29th of May 1883.

* This report may be consulted in the Library of the Institution.

(2) Margaret Joyner's Letter to Mrs McVean dated 14th July 1884.ジョイナー夫人からの手紙

West Kensington, 14th July 1884

My dear Mrs McVean

   I am really quite vexed to think that I have already been a month in England & have not yet written one line to tell you of our arrival. It is not I assure you for want of thinking of you but I have been in such a whirl ever since our return that I have scarcely yet had time to collect my thoughts.

   How are you and all your large small family ? Where is Mr McVean & how is he ? I am afraid still in N America & that it […….t] yet be some months before we have the pleasure of seeing him again.

   We are so delighted to be in England once more & Henry is already so much better in health. I too am decidedly improving but it takes time to pick up & be quite oneself & I was very far from well when I left Brazil. We intend carrying off my dear Mother to the seaside soon & that will I hope quite set me up We have not decided where yet We are looking out for a house to purchase that we may settle down comfortably so when we have fixed upon a desirable spot we think of taking lodgings in the neighbourhood to experiment if we shall like the place before buying.

   Just now I am well content to stay here & be made much of & Henry enjoys it too. He has already seen a number of old friends. Mr Shand he saw the day of our arrival. I went to call upon Mrs Simpson a few days ago hearing that they were in London but was sorry to find they had already left London I have had a note from Mrs de Boinville but have not yet seen her. I have been fluctuating between my sister’s at Oakleigh [or Oakhigh] Park the old house at Harrow & various other places but otherwise have done little since out return. I find rest is good for me Are you likely to come up to see the “Health Exhibition”? I was at the “Inauguration of [Jur……s]” but only was able to glance at the Exhibition afterwards. Soon however I intend to see all that is to be seen. Henry was there twice last week & thinks it very good indeed.

   By the way when you write will you give me Mrs Simpson’s address. I don’t think I have ever had it. We were vexed to have missed seeing the [Shaws] It was very disappointing I hear the Andersons are taking a house in Harley St so that looks as if he were [inactering] his reverses.

   Did you hear of the death of Mrs Kirkwood of Yokohama. We came home in one of those splendid New Zealand refrigerating Steamers which touched at Rio The “Tongariro”

   There were many [……..] people on board & I heard from some of them of Mrs Spence who you remember settled in Dunedin. She has six children now & still looks very young. The bishop of Wellington & his wife were also passengers & Mrs Hadfield ( his wife) spoke of Mrs Duncan (sister of Mr Marks the lawyer) whose husband is now settled in New Zealand.

   Have you any idea where Mr McRitchie is now ? None of his friends in Brazil seemed to know where he is. I did hear he had gone to Singapore but do not know if it is true.

We are daily expecting my brother Tom & his wife. They have been in St Salvador & he has been in bad health all the time of his stay there. We have not seen them since Xmas 1876 when we were in Yedo . I was very glad to find John still at home He expects to leave on a [C………e] trip to the Canaries & [Senegal] in a very short time.

   I feel dear Mrs McVean that this is not half such a nice letter as I should like to have written My ideas are still so much confused & in a whirl Henry unites with me in very kindest remembrances to you & Mr McVean when you write to him

Believe me with much love

Most affectionately your

Margaret Joyner.

※ジョイナー夫妻は1883年にブラジルからイングランドに戻ってきて、メアリに手紙をしたため、日本での生活を回顧している。ブラジルで一緒だったマックリッチが、その後シンガポールに行ったらしいと噂をしている。

William Frederick Maxwell, RN.1822-1898. ウィリアム・フレデリック・マックスウェル。英国海軍士官Royal Navy，海図測量師Hydrographer。測量船を指揮した。

＋1860年代前半、イギリス海軍水路測量局がオットー艦長がスコットランド西部ヘブリディーズ地方の測量を指揮した時、海軍技師トーマスらとともに参加し、民間技師のマクヴェイン、シャボー、チースマンらと一緒に仕事をした。1867年早々、ブローカー艦長「シルヴィア号」に副館長として同乗し、東アジア海域の水路測量を実施した。長崎で幕府海軍と接触し日本人技官に水路測量を教えながら、5年間にわたり沿岸測量を行った。背景には、日本海域での航海安全のために駐日公使パークスから本国政府に対して水路測量実施の要請があった。灯台建設もその一環で、エジンバラの北方灯台局Northern Lighthouse Boardに協力要請があった。マックスウェルは、1867年暮れ、マクヴェインに北方灯台局が日本灯台建設技術者の募集が行うことを知らせ、1869年9月にマクヴェインが燈明台掛を辞職することになっても、日本に留まるよう助言した。マックスウェルは、1873年には日本海域を離れ、ニュー･ファウンドランドの水路測量を指揮した。マクヴェイン宛ての手紙には多くの興味深い記述があり、「チャレンジャー号の調査旅行は失敗であった」と意見を述べている(2019年3月13日記)。See also <Anglo-Japanese><Hydrographic Survey>.

SOURCE

(1) Maxwell's Letter to McVean dated March 10, 1868.

(2) Maxwell's Letter to McVean dated May 5, 1868 Nagasaki.Judging by our fellows who are in the Japanese service as Instructors, the Japanese will do all they can to make you comfortable and ensure your safety. You will find it a curious country containing a still more

マックスウェルらは幕府の長崎奉行に接触し、そこで日本人測量士をシルヴィア号に乗せて、海路測量の指導をしていたことがわかる。

(3) McVean Diary, May, 1869

(4) Olive Checkeland, Britain's Encounter with Meiji Japan, 1868-1912, pp.59-63

(5) Ian Nish, The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: Volume I, pp.85-92. Surveying in Japan.

(6) Hydrographic Notice No.1-1871. see <Anglo-Japan>Entry.

(6) MEMOIRS OF HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885

COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N.

During the year 1869, Commander Brooker was compelled to resign from ill-health and return to England, and Navigating-Lieutenant Maxwell remained in charge. The Sylvia had been re-commissioned in China, and Commander H. C. St. John appointed to conduct the survey.

Nav.-Lieut. Maxwell, in charge of the Newfoundland survey, completed Trinity bay, and commenced that of the south coast of the colony at the Burgeo islands, completing the coast for a considerable distance to the eastward. Soundings were obtained near Sable island.

In Newfoundland, Navigating-Lieutenant Maxwell, in the Gulnare, charted 20 miles of the south coast of that island, re-surveyed Port Hood, and examined the coast of Labrador from C. St. Lewis to lat. 54° N.

Nav.-Lieut. Maxwell completed 20 miles of the east side of Placentia bay, and examined Venison Tickle, Fishing-ship, Curlew, and Independent harbours on the Labrador coast, as well as the channel south of Crane island in the river St. Lawrence.

(7) The Navy and Army Illustrated, July 23rd, 1898. On Surveying Service.

In annual report of the Hydrographer of the Navy, just issued, attention is directed to the ever-increasing volume of work devolving upon the Surveying Service. The number of Naval seamen that can be spared for surveying work is about boo, and consequently it is found necessary to employ merchant seamen and fishermen to man some of the vessels. Officers, however, cannot be obtained in this fashion, and Staff-Captain W. F. Maxwell with his two assistants, as shown in our illustration, are regular officers of the Navy, though serving on board a vessel not to be found in the Navy List. The "Gladiator" has been thus employed for some years past on the survey of the western coasts of the United Kingdom. She is laid up during the

(8) 日本水路史

そこで一応の照合をシルヴィア号のセントジョンに求めたところ，シルヴィア号による測量成果とほとんど一致する成果となっており，柳らの真価が十分に発揮されたものとなっていた．セントジョンは政府に対する報告書に添えて「もはや他の助力を要せずして水路業務を実施することができる」と記したので，柳以下測員は大いに面目をほどこした．

またセントジョンの報告に基づいてイギリス水路部は同国外務省に書簡を提した．「日本政府に対して，その仕官たちの水路測量技術の活用を勧告すべきである．なお未測の広大な海岸があるので，日本自身としての必要性からも，通商上の必要性からも，小縮尺でさしつかえないから組織的にかつ継続的に測量作業を実施して行くことが得策であることを勧告すべきである．それには日本に配属されているイギリス測量艦の指導と援助とが得られる点についても知らせるべきである．このことを在日公使に公便を出す際に付加して欲しい」とした．これに対して外務省からは後日，報告書の趣旨を日本政府に十分に伝えた，と回答が

あった．「塩飽諸島実測原図」は，明治3（1870）年に英国の測量艦シルヴィア号と共同して，柳楢悦を測量主任とする第一丁てい卯ぼう艦が英国の予備器材を借用して実施した塩飽諸島における水路測量の成果であり，記念すべきわが国海軍作成による水路測量原図第1 号である．残念なことに，この原図は明治5（1872）年の大火で築地ホテルとともに焼失した。

(9) 日本海図誕生に果たした英国測量艦の技術支援 ―「鹽飽諸島實測原圖」の作製をめぐって― 今井健三（財団法人日本水路協会） 

William McCandlish, 1824-1897.ウィリアム・マッカンデリシュ。19世紀半ばのスコットランドを代表するシビル･エンジニア

+マカンデリシュ事務所は英仏政府主導のヴァルナ鉄道敷設事業に参画し、路線測量を担当した。1864年に、海軍水路測量局によるヘブリディーズ地方測量が終わると、マクヴェインはチースマンとともにマカデリシュ事務所に雇われ、ブルガリアで働いた。

+After the Hebrides survey completed in 1864, McVean and Cheesman wrer hired by McCandlish, which was commissioned to survey the line of the Rustic-Varna railways. 

SOURCE

(1) Grace Guide (https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_McCandlish)

1824 October 27th. Born in Edinburgh the son of William McCandlish and his wife Felicite Leslie Mcgregor

1851 Visitor at Ballamile, Ayrshire: William McCandlish (age 26 born St. Cuthbert, Midlothian), Civil Engineer.[

1869 Married in Llanfyllin to Letitia Clementina Mytton

1871 Living at The Knolls, Lewisham: William McCandlish (age 46 born Scotland), Civil Engineer and Contractor. With his wife Letitia C. McCandlish (age 26 born East Indies) and their son William H. McCandlish (age 1 born Lewisham). Five servants.[2]

1881 Director of the Madras Gold Mining Co and the Nine Reef Gold Mining Co.[3]

1897 January 31st. Died. Probate to his widow Letitia Clementine McCandlish

1897. Inquest. 'Dr. Vera Benson resumed his inquiry last evening at Willesden as to the death of Mr. William McCandlish, aged seventy-two, a civil engineer, whose dead body was found with a bullet wound in the head in a field near the residence of the Earl of Aberdeen, at Dollis-hill. The deceased lately resided at Chichele-road, Cricklewood, and and was well known in the city. Mr. John Alexander McCandlish, son of the deceased, recalled, said he had made inquiries during the adjournment in order to see if the deceased had any particular business troubles about the time of his death. All he could discover was that his father had lost the chairmanship of a public company which was in process of formation. Police-sergeant Pert, the coroner’s officer, said that since the adjournment he had made inquiries of Messrs. Colt, gunmakers, and found from entry in the firm’s books that the identical revolver which was found by the aide of the deceased had been cleaned and repaired by them in February, 1892, and that the person who gave the order for the repairs was entered as “William McCandlish, of 36, Walbrook, E.C.” Mr. Daniel Dixon, farm bailiff, of Lower Oxgate Farm, Cricklewood, produced a plan of the farm, shewing the spot where the deceased’s body was found. It was impossible to get into the field without climbing over the gate or the barbed-wire fencing. The spot was one of the most secluded in the neighbourhood, and the field was rarely entered except by someone connected with the farm. The jury, after long consultation, returned a verdict of “Suicide daring temporary insanity.”'[4]

A. McArthur.マッカーサー

＋ボンベイ公共事業局主任技師を勤めるコモス・イネスから紹介され工部省測量司に入ってきた。

SOURCE

(1) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時34歳［雇用期間］内務省測量司(5年5月15日-8年6月19日)、満期解雇［職種］測量助役［給料］月給初年200円、２年250円、3年300ドル

(2) China and Japan Directory and Chronicle 1873.

-Public Works

MUROTA Hideoむろたひでお室田秀雄、1839-??.

+棚倉藩は奥羽越列藩同盟に加わりながら、藩主阿部正静は早々に官軍に降伏したのに対して、藩士の室田は弟とともに大鳥圭介らと行動をともした。仙台から榎本武揚率いる旧海軍に合流し、箱館に立てこもった。林董三郎らとともに数ヶ月間、津軽で拘留処罰後、徳川家の静岡藩に一時帰属。町野五八とともに鹿児島藩に遊学し、静岡藩からの推薦で1872年6月に明治政府に出仕し工部省測量司に奉職。河野通信のもとで村田文夫とともに工部省測量司を支え、河野亡き後も内務省地理寮量地課までマクヴェインを支えた。1876年3月、マクヴェインの帰国に際して個人的な手紙と土産を送っている。

SOURCE

(1) 公文録M5年5月室田秀雄工部省七等出仕被命ノ件

  七等出仕 静岡県 室田秀雄 壬申六月八日山尾工部少輔

(2) 北海道大工百年史

・旧棚倉藩室田秀雄弟室田大六申藏十五

(3) 樋口雄彦「箱館戦争降伏人と静岡藩」 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告第109集2004年3月

箱館では負傷していたため、他の降伏者たちより早く東京へ送られ、明治二年八月香春藩預けになった人見寧は、三年三月同藩で釈放の身となり、四月に静岡に帰着した。しかし、小江戸のごとき繁華の地と化し、「幽国ノ恨事」を忘れたような、浮薄な静岡の町と旧幕臣たちの姿に失望した人見は、「心二期スル処」があり、鹿児島への漫遊を決意する。そして勝海舟と大久保一翁の了承を得、知事からも饅別を下賜された上、三年五月、再び九州へ向かった。勝からは鹿児島藩士村田新八宛の紹介状も渡されていた。人見と同行したのは、遊撃隊の同志で、酒田で一足早く降伏していた梅沢敏（鉄三郎）だった。

六月上旬、鹿児島に到着した二人は、西郷隆盛以下から鄭重な歓待を受けた。漢学校や兵学校を視察し、多くの人士を歴訪、藩内各地にも遊んだ。元庄内藩主酒井忠篤が家来五十余名を引き連れて来遊したように、当時鹿児島には、他藩から百名以上もの書生が集ったというが、人見・梅沢はその嗜矢だった。十一月上旬には帰藩の途に付くが、入れ替わるように静岡藩からは、やはり箱館戦争降伏人だった町野五八・室田秀雄および小林弥三郎の三人が鹿児島にやって来た。

(4) 『丸毛君謹慎日記』

・丸毛牛之助は、青森の蓮華寺にて、榎本対馬、安藤太郎、林董三郎（後の林董）、榎本勇之助(一連隊頭取、釜次郎兄)、室田秀雄（軍目付、重傷）、友野栄之助、牛出勝魔と同室で謹慎。

(5) 子母澤寛『行きゆきて峠あり（下）』、5-6頁

・松岡四郎次郎軍の戦死はこの他に兵一名、軍目付室田秀雄重傷、軽傷六名。松岡は高木の屍を毛布に包んで兵二人に頭と脚を担がせ、疵の者もそれぞれ抱きかかえ敵の陣営へ押込んでいった。元より人影もない。まだ火の燃え残りがある。これへ薪を加えて、四辺を見ると，酒樽に菰をかぶせておいてある。肴もいろいろあった。ちょうど原のべったところ、若い兵達は大よろこびをした。相当に重い傷手当が一応終わると室田はすっかり落ち着いて、「隊長、わたしは妙な気がしてなりませんよ」といった。

(6) 岩波講座『日本歴史16近代』、170-175、1962年、54頁

・室田盛礼、秀雄は俗名。「南蝦夷戦争記」は小杉と、この室田の記録をもとにしている。「蝦夷地人名録」によれば「一聯隊室田英雄」となっており、「函館脱走海陸軍惣人名」によれば「伝習歩兵隊差図役並室田秀雄」となっておる。

Mii Shigenみいしげん三井資源、小川資源（Ogawa Shigen）を見よ。

Gabriel James MORRISON,  1840-1905. ガブリエル・ジェームス･モリソン。British Engineer, worked at China.

＋グラスゴー大学のランキン教授らの下で工学を学ぶ。まだ工学部はなく、工学士ではなかった。トムソン卿提案の大西洋通信ケーブル敷設に、海軍のチャールズ・オットーらと参加した。19世紀から20世紀にかけての中国で最も活躍した技術者の一人で、初代中国土木建築技術協会の会長をつとめた。

SOURCE

(1) ICE Obituary, 

He studied at Glasgow University under Professor Rankine and  Sir William Thomson, whom he subsequently assisted in Newfoundland  on the laying of the first Atlantic cable in 1858. After serving a pupilage to Messrs. Robson, Forman and McCall, he left Glasgow in 1863, and joined the staff of Sir James Brunlees, with whom he remained 11 years,

acting for a time as his Principal Assistant. During that period he was engaged as Resident Engineer on the Cleveland Railway, the  Lynn Dock and Railway, the Clifton Extension Railway, and other important works in this country and abroad. On leaving the service of Sir James Brunlees hceo mmenced private practice in Westminster, but shortly afterwards accepted an offer to proceed to China as Engineer in charge of the Shanghai-Woosung line, the first railway constructed in that country. The road was successfully laid, but was afterwards destroyed by the Chinese.

  This discouraging ending to his first work in China did not daunt Mr. Morrison, who always cherished the hope that he would see the line relaid, a desire which was gratified  by his association in 1902 with Sir John Wolfe Barry and Mr. A. J. Barry as Consulting Engineers or the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, thesu ccessor of the early line.

In 1879 Mr.  Morrison started independent practice in Shanghai, where, by his indomitable energy and ability, he soon formed an extensive connection. Later he entered into partnership with Mr. F. M. Gratton, under the style of Morrison and Gratton, the firm being connected with many of the most important works carried out in Shanghai and other places in China. Mr. Morrison’s energies were chiefly devoted to the furtherance of railway enterprise in China, in connection with which he frequently visited the interior, and also travelled in Formosa, Tonking, Cambodia, and Korea. In these journeys the hostility of the natives had sometimes to be overcome, and many other difficulties encountered,

in successfully surmounting which Mr. Morrison displayed great intrepidity, perseverance and resource. An account of his travels having been read before the Royal Geographical Society in 1880, he was elected a Fellow of that body in the following year. He also made a careful study of “China’s Sorrow,” the Yellow River, and published some valuable notes on the results of his investigations.

  Notwithstanding the many demands upon his time, Mr. Morrison devoted considerable attention and energy to the affairs of the city in which he lived, and his valuable memoirs on the water-supply and the finances of Shanghai, compiled during his term of office as Vice-chairman of the Municipal Council, testify to the ability with which he served the public interest. His services were recognised by a public presentation on his leaving China, a distinction which was unique as being the first of its kind. In his early days Mr. Morrison had joined the 1st Lanarkshire Engineer Volunteers, and after settling in China he became a private in the Shanghai volunteers, working himself up to be eventually commandant of the corps. He was also largely instrumental in founding the Shanghai Society of Engineers and Architects, and served as its fir& President.

   In the course of his busy career Mr. Morrison frequently found useful employment for his pen, and among the Papers which he presented to various societies three were contributed to the Proceedings of this Institution, on the ‘L Ventilation and Working of Railway Tunnels,”1 for which he was awarded P Watt medal and Telford premium, a ‘‘ Note on Cement Concrete,”2 and “ On some Applications of Transition curve^."^ Mention may be made also of his pamphlet on “ Inland Communication in China,” addressed primarily to engineers, and of his useful treatise, the outcome of earlier Papers] on the subject, entitled, “Maps : their Uses and Construction,” first published in 1901.

   In 1902 Mr. Morrison gave up his business in China and came home. Too active-minded to relinquish professional pursuits altogether, he started a consulting practice in Westminster ; but his strenuous life had told upon his health, and after a long and painful illness, borne with patience and fortitude, he died at his residence, 13 Vicarage Gardens, Eensington, on the 11th February, 1905, in his sixty-fifth year.

   His ability, integrity, and devotion to duty distinguished him no less than his attractive social qualities endeared him to many friends ; while his wide experience and well-stored mind made him always a wise counsellor and a delightful companion. Besides being a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society as already stated, Mr. Morrison was a member of the Society of Arts, of the Royal Institution and of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

   He was elected an Associate Member of this Institution on the 1st February, 1870, and was transferred to the class of Members on the 17th November, 1874.

Murata Fumio,むらたふみお村田文夫、1836-1891. 1876年内務省辞職後は旧姓野村。

＋広島藩藩医の野村正碩の子として生まれ、6歳の時に、父の同僚であった藩医村田尚文の養子に入る。適塾で蘭学を学んだ後、幕末にグラバーの斡旋でスコットランドに密航し、1年半、西洋文明に触れた。帰国し藩校の教授を務めていたところ、広島藩からの推薦で、明治4年2月14日に政府出仕となった。推薦書には、村田にはグラバーから洋銀1992枚余りを借り、1870年10月時点で元利が未返済であったと書かれている。帰国後、密航に対するお咎めはなく藩の海軍教授となってたところ、藩から明治政府出仕を推薦された。経歴を見た山尾が、明治4年11月、村田を工部省に配属させたのであろう。上司の河野通信が1873年3月にイギリス研修に出かけると、測量正代理となり、1874年1月河野が復職しなかったため、しばらくしてから測量正になった。1874年1月に測量司が内務省管轄下になり、測量正として大阪･京都の測量を監督し、同年5月に本庁に戻った。9月休暇をとり伊香保温泉で病気療養、10月に広島の実家に不幸があり休暇、1875年5月に熱海で病気療養とあり、1874年夏頃から欠勤が多くなり、それは1874年8月末における測量正から内務省地理寮量地課長への降格が原因だったのかもしれない。マクヴェイン日記にもほとんど登場してこない。病気のこともあったが、村田は塾を開いており、役人でありながら文筆家でもあった。イギリスで近代技術を身に付けてきたのではなく、また明治政府要人に広島藩出身者がいないこともあって、技術官僚として苦しい立場にあったと思われる。量地課の旧幕臣技術者からの突き上げにあって、休職期が長く、マクヴェインに少し遅れて辞職することになる。その後は、文明開化を直接人々に知らせるために、文筆業を始めた。

SOURCE

(1) 公文録M4年2月14日村田文夫外一名外国負債ノ儀届

外国負債高等ノ儀ハ兼ネテ申出仕候通ニ御坐候處藩士村田文夫

儀去ル慶応四戊辰年並土居咲吾儀岸時元甲子年洋行ノ節借用銀左ノ通リ返済残有之旨役ニ至リ申出候付元利ロモ拂方相済ヤ候ヘトモ此段一應御届申上置候以上

辛末二月十四日 広島藩

英国人コロウルヨリ借用

一、洋銀千九百九十二枚三合ニ夕

但千六百七十年第十月迄元利残 村田文夫

(2) 公文録M4年11月工部省七等出仕村田重枢外一名転任等ノ件

工学権助 工部省名七等出仕 従七位村田重樞

工部大輔 伊藤博文代理

辛末十一月二十九日 工部少丞 吉井正澄

(3) 公文録明治7年3月測量正村田大阪出張届

(4) 公文録明治7年5月測量正村田大阪より帰京届け

(5) 公文録明治7年9月12日地理寮五等出仕村田帰京延引并帰京届

伊香保温泉において去る三日より入浴、途中に病気

(6) 公文録M7年10月18日地理寮五等出仕村田忌服届

実家第広島士族野村籍に

(7) 公文録M8年5月3日内務省五等出仕村田湯治願聞済並出立及帰京届

病気付き湯治豆州熱海温泉

(8) 諸官進退

明治10年1月大少丞以下被廃候節出仕官処分方ノ義ニ付上申

明治11年4月24日　内務省大久保利通　太政大臣三条実美殿

伺之趣聞届御際村田文夫外貳名免職之辞令書ハ取纏返上可致事

明治11年5月15日

吉野作造編『明治文化全集16外国文化編』日本評論社、1928年

・適塾で塾幹

(9) 梅渓昇『洪庵･適塾の研究』「適塾姓名録による都道府県別塾生名簿」

･村田文夫。

(10) 防衛研修所所蔵資料：村田文夫訳『海軍図識』

･村田は測量司（量地課）在職中、職務に関連していくつかの英書を翻訳しているが、これは初見である（2021.08.03追記）

WORKS

(1) 『西洋聞見録』、村田文夫著、明治2年

(2) 『西洋家作雛形』、村田文夫訳、明治5年

(3) 『輿地新図』、村田文夫訳、西村茂樹選、明治7年3月発刊。

(4) 

Miura Shogoみうらしょうご三浦省吾、

＋1873年に大蔵省土木寮から内務省測量司に小林一知らとともに合流した。旧幕臣技術者の1人で、小林らと共に内務省測量司でイニシアチブを取ろうと、旧工部省測量司職員と反目した。

SOURCE

(1) ［2011松代］松代藩更級村若宮、豊城直友の次男に生まれ、分家して三浦姓を建てる。省吾は佐久間象山に学び、その推薦で勝海舟に寄宿し、幕府の海軍に勤めた。

(2) ［2018戊辰戦争全史史下p.337］荒井郁之助に従い反新政府軍として箱館戦争に参加。陸軍奉行並箱館市中取締裁判局頭取

  沖ノ口掛 三浦省吾 本山小太郎

Michael MOSER, 1852-1925. マイケル・モーサー. Austrian Photographer in the early Meiji Japan. 明治初期日本で活動したオーストリア出身の写真家。

--He worked together with J.R. Black and sometimes visited around Tokyo with McVean. He was asked to take photo of the observation of the Transit of Venus in Dec 9, 1874.

＋ジョン･ブラックの片腕として、1874年12月9日の金星日面通過観測を手伝い、写真撮影を担当した。

SOURCE

(1) Terry

The Austrian Michael Moser (1853-1912) came from humble beginnings but left his own distinctive footprint on the history of nineteenth-century Japanese photography (Fig. 190). He did not turn out to be one of the truly great photographers of his age but his precocious talent, combined with resourcefulness and determination, did enable him to carve out a unique photographic career, which started when he was apprenticed to Wilhelm Burger. Born on May 3rd, 1853 in the beautiful lake district of Altaussee, the son of a salt mine worker who practiced wood-carving to supplement the family income, Moser came into contact with Wilhelm Burger through fortuitous circumstances. Burger, whose reputation as a photographer was growing, was on a photographic tour of the Altaussee in the early 1860s when he made contact with Moser's father because he needed a wooden frame for his camera. On a subsequent visit to the area, he met Michael and was impressed by the boy's willingness to help. In 1867 he accepted Michael's request to become his photographic apprentice in Vienna. In 1868 Burger was engaged as the official photographer to the Austria-Hungary trade and diplomatic mission to Siam, China, and Japan. The mission left the port of Trieste on August 18th, 1868 with the fifteen-year-old Moser on board as photographic assistant. Siam was reached in April 1869, Saigon in May, and Hong Kong and Shanghai in June. The mission arrived in Nagasaki in September and in Yokohama on October 2nd. After a month the mission was ready to leave, although Burger had been asked to stay on awhile to photograph Japanese works of art. For some unknown reason, Moser did not continue as Burger's assistant.'3

His choice now was to take up the offer of working as a cabin boy on the arduous journey home, or alternatively trying to find employment in Japan. He chose the latter but was reduced to accepting any work in order to survive. Moser graphically described his experiences in the following translation from articles written by him later in life and published in the Steirischnen Alpen Post, January 1st and 8th, 1888: "I found a job as a serving boy in an inn which belonged to a Russian, who also spoke German. When he was drunk he would shoot at the wall or ceiling with a loaded pistol or rifle, in order to amuse his guests — mainly rough or depraved sailors; or he would find a guest with a similar sense of humour, hold a pistol to his ear and then pull the trigger. Here, for six months, I worked for my board and lodging. I used to stay up until two or three almost every night and work behind the bar. I was woken again before six in the morning to scrub the floor in the bar."

A French visitor to the bar had some camera equipment but did not know how to use it. He and Moser set up a studio together in Yokohama, but almost immediately a typhoon hit the town and destroyed their small enterprise. Moser was desperate and approached John Reddie Black, whom he had known for a while. Black took a fatherly interest in Moser, put him up at his house, and employed him as the staff photographer on his new publishing initiative The Far East, probably from the very first issue in May 1870, but certainly no later than November 1870. Moser traveled throughout Japan with two assistants, photographing wherever he went. After a while he had made enough money to have a small wooden house built in Yokohama. Moser had worked hard at learning Japanese, and he was rewarded by being asked to act as interpreter to the Japanese delegation which was to attend the 1873 International Exhibition in Vienna. Moser seized this opportunity to visit his homeland, from which he had been away for five years. Although busy with the exhibition for some months, he was able to find time to visit his family between June 12th and 16th, 1873 and again from March 27th to 28th, 1874. On the return to Japan, the delegation stopped off in Venice where Moser was given lessons in night-time photography by the well-known photographer Carlo Naya, whose fee for the instruction was paid by the Japanese. On returning to Japan, Moser was employed as a "photographer in Government service" and also seems to have mounted some exhibition of works of art from around the world which he acquired in Vienna. He was also honored by an audience with the Emperor and Empress.

At the beginning of 1876, Moser was again asked to interpret, this time at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. According to Johann Von Linortner's "Michael Moser. Ein Altausseer als Fotograf in Japan" (1987), because of the excessively hot weather in Philadelphia, Moser was hospitalized from June until September. Still convalescing, he felt too weak to return to Japan and decided instead to visit his family in Austria. He arrived home in Altaussee in February 1877 and never returned to Japan. Moser set up a local studio with his brother Eusebius, and won several national awards for his photography. In 1889 he married a photographer's assistant and they had an only child, Philipp (1890-1978), who became a professor of music. As a reminder of his time in Japan, the backs of Moser's mounted photographs carried a design of a Torii gate and Mount Fuji. Gert Rosenberg, the Austrian photography expert, described Moser's Japanese village and landscape scenes in his article "Michael Moser: Photographer (1853-1912)" (1985). He

characterized them as particularly striking and full of mood, and praised the depth-creating lines in the foreground. He went on to say that Moser's portraits had a documentary style, almost certainly a result of his being influenced by his time with Burger, where the expedition's portraits were primarily of ethnographical interest. Despite Moser's poor education and humble background, Rosenberg felt that Moser was able to use his industry and intelligence to become an extraordinary achiever. There can be no argument with that.

N

NAGO Taisukeなごうたいすけ長郷泰輔、1849-1911，

+明治初期〜中期にかけて庁舎建物の建設工事管理をした。1872年9月、マクヴェインは工部省営繕の仕事に多忙となり、河野通信や村田文夫を通して日本人工事管理/請負師を探した。林忠恕とともにこの長郷がやってきたらしい（未確認）。

+ハリストス正教会建築技術者は長郷を筆頭に，岡本，貫洞，尾林，河村伊蔵，内井進，三井道男と続いた。長郷泰輔は東京復活大聖堂（初代ニコライ堂）と第二回帝国議会議事堂の明治中期二大建築の施工管理をした。『日本人名大辞典』（講談社）では，「1849-1911，明治44年7月15日死 去，63歳，会津藩出身」 となっている。一方，川又一英『ニコライの塔』では，1868年頃，古田泰輔は 箱館でニコライの従者となり，ニコライとともに上京し，東京大聖堂の建設に関わったことになっている。その時には長郷姓に代わっていた。墓地の場所を教えて頂いた大陀坊さんに感謝(2010年10月9日)。

SOURCE

(1) 墓碑

長郷泰輔君墓銘 錦雛間社候正四位勲三等桜井勉撰

君家世仕會津民明治戊辰官軍討會津藩削其邑土十五万石移之田名部公私窮

之栄無所所出君赴箱館欲私鋳貨幣以済之事露見拘官議持原之適露国牧師尓

頼状況君聴尾之及其建教堂君為董之今之駿台大聖堂是也露英伊佛墺諸国連

建館舎於輦下請君董之而露墺両帝特賜勲章壬辰國會議事堂失火君亦奉命改

築先期他而成特賜褒状又西邑房四郎創仁壽会社君与有力焉尋任専務取締役辛

亥七月十五日病疫君娶関根氏有子田有千代田有泰君身不甚長大色白髪黒言

語明晰監事不荀動大聖堂之始成也山尾工部卿謂曰平野富治之於造舩足下之

於建築可謂本部率先者矣其有功于建築可知耳銘曰

私鋳貨幣 以済度支 事雖不匹 志亦可悲

累営大厦 龍鳳挙騫 魂魄茲銷 魏閣永存

正五位日下部東作書

彼の墓地は雑司ヶ谷霊園にあり、広く堂々としたしたもので、よく目立つ。墓石の手前には一本の石柱が立ち、その表に「明治25年7月16日永眠，享年31歳」と刻まれているが、これは彼の没年とは合わないので、長郷の妻のものであろう。その奥にある大きな墓石の表には「長郷泰輔 配千代」と刻まれ、長男千代が亡き父のために道営したことがわかる。裏には漢文で桜井勉撰の哀悼文が刻まれている。その内容によれば、やはり会津藩士で戊辰戦争に従い、箱館で私幣鋳造したことで（官軍に?）捕らえられ、そこをニコライに救われたとある。日本正教会の小冊子に記載されているとおり、ニコライの従者となり、東京聖堂の建設から始まり、西欧諸国公使館、帝国議会議事堂の建設に関わった。関根姓の女性と結婚し、千代と泰という子供を授かった。 ということは、1872-73年施工のイギリス公使館の建設請負をしたことになる。経歴の中で最も目を惹いたのは仁寿会社の創立に関わり、また山尾庸三と親交を結んでいたことであった。こんなところ で桜井勉と山尾庸三の名前に出会うとは思わなかった。桜井は出石藩出身で，内務省初代地理局長を，山尾の方は長州五傑と詠われ第三代工部卿を勤め，ともに晩年は大きな社会福祉事業を起こした。長郷はこれらの人物と親交があったというのである。三人ともキリスト教に大変に近しい人物であった。日下部東作とは近代書を確立した人物。建築史学の方からの調査によれば、長郷はフランス人技師レスカス設計による東京正教会の最初の施設建設を手伝ったのを契機に建築の道に入ったことになっている。ところが、ニコライの日記によれば、最初に工事契約をしたフランス人技師が工事費の一部をもって逃げたことになっており、それはレスカスだったのであろうか。

(2) 東京都『庶政要録明治24年』には建築会社副社長として霊南坂16に住み，大倉喜八郎とともに赤坂地区の高額納税者の一人となっていた。

NISHIYAMA Atsuhisa西山淳久（富田淳久）, 1842- 1903.工部省、博覧会事務局、渡英、測量司、大蔵省に勤務

＋別項＜富田淳久＞を見よ。

Gavin Parker NESS, 18??-unknown.  

NOGUCHI Gennosuke, 1844-1920. 野口源之助、英語通訳、官吏

・1868年8月、マクヴェインが横浜の灯明台掛に着任すると、神奈川県副知事の寺島宗則の下に数名の通訳がおり、野口はその一人であった。他に品川英介、榊原安太郎、藤倉金次郎などがいた。1869年4月に、マクヴェインの工事監督で神子元島灯台建設が始まり、7月後半には野口が通訳の任に当たった。日中はマクヴェインと行動をともにし、業務の傍ら、マクヴェインが鳥魚などのスケッチにも同行しらたしく、このことが野口の後半人生に大きな影響をもたらす。

・マクヴェインは1869年9月に燈明台掛を辞職するが、野口とは不思議な縁があった。野口は1871年からシルヴィア号の通訳となったこと、さらに北海道勤務においてブラキストンと交流を持つようになった。1874年、鳥類学者イールス・ドレッサーがマクヴェインとブラキストンから日本の鳥類標本を送ってくれるように頼んだ。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1869.

Friday Jul  23. Fine  -

Tender off – Hirasawa got the better of me today, as I gave orders that 3 masons who wanted to leave the […] were not to be allowed to go till  next week – however he let them slip and then came up and told me with a long face he was very sorry but the 3 masons had escaped   -  I told Watanabi I quite understood how it was  -  but the Japanese are most pig-headed and perverse and annoying  -  Heard that Hara is back in Simoda – and Nogotché (Noguchi) come to relieve Watanabi – 3 stones 1st course of the Tower laid

Saturday Jul 24. Fine  -

Went on shore to Simoda found a Theatre rigged up so went to see what was going on  -  The building was a temporary one made of bamboo and boarding with a stage and scenery just like a European Theatre  -  and the acting was much in the same style  -  I think the actors were all women  -

Remained at Simoda all night and got eaten up by mosquitoes in the Temple as I had no curtains –

got letters by Nogotché (Noguchi)  -

Sunday Jul 25. Fine but blowing at sea

Went to the sulpher baths in the morning found Jewry who had come up the night before very ill  -  left him for some days in hope that baths will do him good

made an attempt to get out to Mikomoto in the evening but by the time we got half way we saw it would be impossible to land so we put about  -  borrowed mosquito curtains for the night  -

Monday Jul 26. Fine

Started for Mikomoto about 9 a.m.  found the work had progressed well during the last three days 2d of the first course of the tower [………]  -

Tuesday Jul 27. Showery

Usual routine of work nothing new  -

Wednesday Jul 28. Morng.  very wet  -  even  -  fair

No work   to day  - wrote letters home

Very heavy sea on  -  and several large turtles swimming about the Rock  -  two in the creek  -  Marks & I shot one each but did not manage to pick them up  -

Nogotché (Noguchi) and the new Yakunins up in the evening 

※ここに現れる野口は当時寺島の下で通訳をやっていた野口源之助に間違いなく、二月の間断続的に神子元島に来てマクヴェインの通訳の任に当たった。食事は勿論のこと一緒に温泉に入ったりし、おそらくマクヴェインが鳥魚類を描く様子を見ながら博物学の知識を得たに違いない。

(2) 大日本外交文書「シルビア」艦関係

・澤外務卿　寺島外務大輔　閣下

註一、本號文書ノ申出ニ對シ我方ヨリハ英国測量艦「シルヴィア」號ニ春日艦ヲ同行セシメ且通弁トシテ神奈川県官員野口源之助ヲ派遣セリ

註二、英国測量艦「シルヴィア」號ノ日本沿海測量ニ関スル明治元年、二年及三年ノ重要関係文書一括左ニ附記ス

(3) 加藤克、明治初期の「自然史」通詞 野口源之助 : ノグチゲラの名前の由来 (試論)、北大植物園研究紀要、2006年、1-24頁

・長崎縣平民小森蓮翁二男 野口源之助 弘化元年甲辰五月二日生 廃 實名信一

辰四月［二日10］一、通弁御用相勤候様可致候、但シ月給金拾弐両被下候事 寺島陶蔵・井関齊右エ門

辰四月  一、運上所江罷出通弁御用相勤候様被仰付候事 仝上

辰閏四月廿日、神奈川裁判所通弁申付候事、11］

辰十二月［三日］一、従事補通弁官月給金拾五両被下候事、右判事衆御達ニ付申渡之

巳十一月一、判任史生 神奈川縣

仝十一月一、別段為手当壱ケ年金弐拾両被下 仝上

庚午十二月一、右別段為御手当壱ケ年都合金五拾両宛被下候事、 神奈川縣

辛未二月［十四日］一、判任権少属 仝上

辛未二月廿五日一、北海測量英国シルビヤ艦ニ乗組候様、神奈川県ヨリ御口達相成候事、（1871年シルヴィア号通訳）

仝八月一、北海測量シルヒヤ艦帰港ニ付、乗組相解候事、 兵部省

仝十月［七日］一、四等訳官申付事、 神奈川縣

壬申二月五日［二日］一、任三等訳官 仝上

O

Henry Charles OTTER, 1807-1876. ヘンリー･チャールズ・オットー、イギリス海軍士官.海図測量師Hydrographer. マクヴェインの恩師(revised in November 4, 2019)

＋英国海軍士官で，19世紀半ばヘブリディーズ地方の測量を指揮した。その時，雇われたのがマクヴェイン、シャボー、チースマンをの三人であった。水路測量を通して天文学に精通し，王立天文学協会会員となった。測量以外に，トムソン教授（ケルヴィン卿）が企画した大西洋地下ケーブルの敷設の船長も勤めた。

--Henry Charles Otter was born in 1808 (+/- 1 year) in Bolsover, Derbyshire. In 1845, having been engaged to undertake a survey of the waters of, and off, Western Scotland, Henry Otter buys the Manor House in Oban. He married Mary Jemima Birch (1814-1904), a daughter of John Birch, a General in the Royal Engineers. 

SOURCE

(1). Obituary:

--Admiral Henry Charles Otter was one of Oban’s most influential characters in the second half of the 19th century. The Admiral was responsible for charting the waters of Scotland’s north west coast resulting in the Hebridean Survey, and he had a strong religious influence on and west coast communities and Oban’s townsfolk, some of the latter having been baptised at the spring in the Manor House grounds.

［和訳］ヘンリー･チャールズ･オットー海軍大将は19世紀後半のオバンにおいて最も影響力のある人物だった。海軍大将はスコットランド北西海域の地図作成を担い、ヘブリディーズ地域の測量を完成させた。また、同氏はオバンを含む西部地域社会における宗教に大きな影響力を持っていた。地域住民の一部は同氏の屋敷で春に洗礼を受けた。

(2) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1876-77. 152-153.

--Rear-Admiral Henry Charles Otter, C.B., was born in the year 1807. At the age of fifteen he entered the Navy as a cadet, and obtained his first commission as Lieutenant in 1831. From August 1833 to the end of 1835, he served as a supernumerary Lieutenant in the Ocean, 80, and Howe, 120, at Sheerness. At this time he gave many indications of his talents as a scientific officer, and much of his leisure time was occupied in perfecting himself in astronomical observation, especially with these instruments which are practically used for surveying purposes. His acquaintance with the principal nautical astronomers, added to his personal attachment to the observing branch of our science, and decided him to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, to which he was elected on the 11th of November 1842. In March 1844, Lieutenant Otter was appointed to the command of Sparrow, surveying vessel on the coast of Scotland, and thus commenced that active career as a nautical surveyor under the Hydrographic Office, which he continued of a long number of years, commanding the succession the Avon, Porcupine, Shamrock, and other surveying vessels.

--Admiral Otter, when a midshipman, had the satiation of performing a most gallant act, as by his heroic exertions he was the means of saving the lives a boat’s crew while in extreme danger, and so lately as 1845 he jumped overboard from the Sparrow for the purpose of affording assistance to same of his crew who had been capsized. Most of his time till his retirement was spent afloat in the performance of his surveying duties. His successive promotions were to Commander on August 26, 1844; to Captain on September 8, 1854; and to Retied Rear-Admiral on April 1, 1870. He dies at Clarre Part, Hants, on the 26the of March 1876, aged 68.

［和訳］王立天文学協会1877年雑誌に掲載された死亡録

・ヘンリ･チャールズ･オットー海軍少将は1807年に生まれた。15歳の時、海軍兵学校に入学し、1831年には少尉に任命された。1831年8月から1835年末まで定員外大尉として、オーシャン号、ホーワ号、シーメス号に乗船した。この時期に彼は科学官吏としての才能を磨き上げ、測量に使われる器機装置を用いながら余暇の時間はもっぱら天体観測に費やした。また我々の科学の観測領域に個人的な愛情を増やして、王立天文学協会フェローになることを決心し、1842年11月11日に会員となった。1844年3月、オットー少尉はスコットランド海域に測量船スパロー号の指揮を任され、水路測量局で海域測量師としての積極的業績を築き始めた。長期にわたり、エヴォン号、ポーチュパイン号、シャムロック号他の測量船を指揮した。

(3) Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum, 1846, p.387.

(4) MEMOIRS OF HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885

COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N INTO TWO PARTS. Part II.—1830 to 1885. EASTBOURNE : HENRY W. KEAY, THE "IMPERIAL LIBRARY." 1885, pp.34-35.

CAPTAIN H. C. OTTER, R.N., 1842-1863.

Henry Charles Otter entered the Navy 12th January, 1822, and passed his examination in 1828. When a midshipman his heroic exertions saved the lives of a boat's crew ; and in 1845 he again displayed great courage by jumping overboard from the Sparrow, which vessel he then commanded, for the purpose of affording assistance to some of his crew who had been capsized.

j, Hk °^tained his first commission December 5th, 1831, and was for some time borne on the books of the Ocean and Howe, at Sheerness, as a Supernumerary Lieutenant, being appointed in March, 1832, as assistant to Lieutenant Michael Slater on the survey of the north-east coast of England. In this capacity Lieutenant Otter continued until the premature death of Lieutenant Slater, which occurred on 2nd February, 1842, and was caused by falling from the cliff, known as Holburn Head, when engaged making a theodolite station. Lieutenant Otter then succeeded to the charge of the survey.

March 5th, 1844, Lieutenant Otter was appointed to the command of the Sparrow ketch, for a continuation of the survey of the coast of Scotland. In August, 1844, he was promoted to Commander's rank, continuing in command of the Sparrow until January, 1847, when that vessel was replaced by the Avon, paddle steam vessel of 160-horse power.

The coast of Scotland remained under Captain Otter's surveying charge, with two slight breaks, until 1863, when he retired. Different vessels were used for the purposes of the survey, and numerous assistants were engaged under him. In the year 1854, Capt. Otter was made a Post Captain.

His survey of Beauly Firth, near Inverness, called forth great praise from Sir Francis Beaufort, and the local authorities allude to it as follows:—" We have been much gratified with the extent, accuracy, and minuteness of this survey, so highly creditable to the officers

of the Sparrow, and which could only be done by parties accustomed to such difficult and delicate operations."

In the Porcupine, during the last Russian War, Captain Otter, with Lieutenant Burstal as his first Lieutenant, performed excellent service in piloting the Baltic fleet, and making surveys, especially near Bomarsund. At the close of the war, he resumed his surveying

operations in Scotland.

On the occasion of the landing of the first Atlantic electric telegraph cable, he took an active part in the operations in Newfoundland, where he had been specially sent to render aid and advice. To the Nautical Magazine, he contributed a lively and characteristic

account of the operation of landing the shore end of the cable in Trinity Bay, in which the solemnity and the importance of the occasion are not lost sight of.

" It was Captain Otter who surveyed the bay of Bull's Arm, and who guided the cable ship safely through all the intricacies of the passage the night of our entrance into Trinity Bay. To him, and to Captain Dayman of the Gorgon, who acted as our escort and pilot from midocean to the American terminus of the line, the Atlantic Telegraph Company are largely indebted. It is doubtful if the British Government could have selected from its long list of naval officers two who have proved themselves more capable of performing the work with which they were entrusted, or two who were more earnest in their exertions to promote the success of the great undertaking."

Captain Otter was the author of—Sailing Directions for the North and East Coast of Scotland, which are incorporated in the North Sea

Pilot. Part II.

Also, Sailing Directions for the Sound of Harris, Svo. 1858.

The following charts resulted from his surveys :—

Part of west coast of Scotland. Dornoch Firth.

Loch Lomond. Baro Sound and Ronskar Harbour (Baltic).

Mull of Cantyre to Ardnamurchan. Raasay Sound.

Aline Loch. Ru Ruag to Gruinard Bay.

Mull Sound and Sunart Loch. Loch Broom.

Ardnamurchan Point to Loch Bhreatal. Hebrides Islands, "Western Port.

Skye, including Sleat Sound. Barra Sound.

Sleat Sound. Loch Boisdale.

Loch Hourn. Loch Skiport.

Kyle Rhea. Lochs Eport and Maddy.

Isle of Skye north of Loch Ainneart. Monach and Haskeir Isles.

Kyle Akin Harbour. Tobermory Harbour, Mull Island.

Harris Sound. Ardnamurchan to Summer Isles.

The North Minch. Stornoway Harbour.

Loch Inver to Loch Broom. Scarpa Island to Barvas.

Lochs Inver and Roe. Roag Lochs.

Eddrachilles Bay, including Cairn Bhn and Pentland Firth.

Glencoul Lochs. Thurso to Cape Wrath.

Laxford and Inchard Lochs. Loch Eriboll.

Scourie Bay. . Bull Arm (Newfoundland).

Cromarty Firth.

(6) William Loney RN - Background

12 January 1822 Entered Navy

5 December 1831 Lieutenant

26 August 1844 Commander

8 September 1854 Captain

1 April 1870 Retired Rear-Admiral

Date from Date to Service

26 August 1844 1 January 1847 Commander in Sparrow, surveying on the west coast of Scotland

1 January 1847 Commander in Avon (from commissioning at Woolwich), surveying on the west coast of Scotland

7 May 1850 Commander in Comet, Cork, then west coast of Scotland

25 February 1854 Commander in Alban, the Baltic during the Russian War

15 February 1855 Captain in Firefly, the Baltic during the Russian War

13 May 1856 Captain in Porcupine, west coast of Scotland

1 January 1863 Captain in Shamrock, for Surveying Service, carried on the books of Fisgard

(7) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 37, p.129

Rear-Admiral HENRY CHARLES OTTER, CS.) was born in the year 1807. At the age of fifteen he entered the Navy as a cadet, and obtained his first commission as Lieutenant in 183x. From August 1833 to the end of 1835, he served as a supernumerary Lieutenant in the Ocean, 8o, and Howe, 120, at Sheernese. At this time he gave many indications of his alente as a scientific officer, and much of his leisure time was occupied in perfecting himself in astronomical observing, especially with those instruments which are practically used for surveying purposes His acquaintance with the principal nautical astronomers, added to his personal attachment to the observing branch of our science, induced him to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, to which he was elected on the nth of November 1842. In March 1844, Lieutenant Otter was appointed to the command of the Sparrow, surveying vessel on the coast of Scotland, and thus commenced that active career as a nautical surveyor under the laydrographie Office, which he continued for a long ..number of years, commanding. in succession the Avon, Porcupine, Shamrock, and other surveying vessels. Admiral Otter, when a midshipman, bad the satisfaction of performing a mosilgallant act, as by his heroic exertions he was the means of saving the lives of a boat's crow while in extreme danger, and so lately as 1845 he jumped overboard from the Sparrow for the purpose of affording assistance to some of his crew who had been capsized. Most of his time till his retire. ment was spent afloat in the performance of his surveying duties. His successive promotions were to Commander on August 26, 1844 ; to Captain on September 8, 1854 ; and to Retired Rear-Admiral on April x, x87o. Ho died at Clare Park, Hants, on the 26th of March 1876, aged sixty.eight. a. D.

OGAWA Shigen(Mii Shigen)おがわしげん小川資源（三井資源）、1852-1910

+工部大学校測量司修技校第一期の入学者（見習）で、1873年には工学寮工学校へ進学してしまうが、大和屋敷のマクヴェイン家に頻繁に出入りし、助手的役割をしてかわいがられた。1874年12月9日の金星日面通過現象において望遠鏡操作の一人となった。

SOURCE

(1) 小島直記『鮎川義介伝（1968）』

(2) 徐蘇斌「清末民初における鉄道建設と日本　その1．小川資源の鉄道考察と潮汕鉄路の建設」 土木史研究講演集vol.24）（2004年）

ONO Tomogoro (ONO Kohan), 1817-1898.  Mathematician, surveyor, navy, engineer.小野友五郎、数学者、測量師、技師。

＋笠間藩士の小守宗次の3男として生まれ、同藩小野家の養子となる。1852年に『量地図説』を著して幕府天文方に抜擢される。長崎海軍伝習所第一期として、勝海舟らと幕府海軍創設に尽力する。咸臨丸を操縦して太平洋を渡る。新政府軍に鳥羽･伏見の戦いを主導したと見なされ、禁固刑を受ける。1年後、明治政府に求められ鉄道建設に従事した。マクヴェインが気象観測や天体観測を始めたことを知り、村田文夫を通してマクヴェインに接触してきた。内務省地理寮量地課の事情を知り、大久保利通に「天文学之儀ニ付建言仕候書面」（国立国会図書館蔵）を認めた。 

--Ono Tomogoro (Kohan), Born to Komori Soji, samurai officer of Kasama domain, and was adopted by Ono Yougoro, same samurai family of Kasama domain. He learned mathematics and entered into the Shogunate observatory, where he stuied artillery, engineering and Dutch language under Egawa Hidetatsu. He learned western survey and nagivation at the newly founded navy training ceter at Nagasaki in 1855, and became a professor at Tsukiji Naval Training Center. He commanded the Kanrin-maru to the United States to escort the shogunate delegation. He supported Tokugawa Yoshinobu, last Shogune at Osaka, but lost his position due to Yoshinobu’s surrender to the imperial government. He never entered into military service in the Meiji government, but to ministry of civil affairs as railways surveyor. He met McVean several times to listen to progress of nationwide survey and observatory under ministry of Home Affairs. 

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1875.

Sunday Mar 14. Wet morning. Dined at Ono’s – one of the P.W.D. commissioners of Railways

Tuesday Mar 16. Wet day. Japanese party to dinner. R.C., Abé ex Daimio, Ono (Kobusho), Murato, Yamamura, Yoshida, Mei.

Saturday Mar 20. Gloomy cold day. Dined at Abé’s, Murato’s Daimio to meet the R. Co., Jack R. Jones present.

ONO Shosaku, 1851-1942-.小野正作、海事技術者

＋マクヴェインとは横浜製鉄所ですれ違っている。幕末に洋学に親しみ、幕府の海軍操練所に入り、トレーシー顧問団から科学術の基礎知識を得る。明治政府に出仕し、横須賀製鉄所と横浜製鉄所に勤務する。

SOURCE

(1) 小野正作伝、ある技術者の回想

(2)

REMARKS

(1)

(2)

P

Maria Palmieri,  1840-1890.マリア･パルミエリ、ロンドン生まれのオペラ歌手

+ロンドン生まれのイタリア系イギリス人のオペラ歌手で、姉妹でロッシーニなどの歌曲を歌ってロンドンで名を馳せた。1870年代半ばに世界コンサートツアーを行い、上海を経て横浜に到着した。東京の工学寮小学館ホール、第一国立銀行、浜御殿、横浜のゲーテ座で公演を行ったことが知られている。プロ歌手による日本最初のオペラコンサートになった。マクヴェイン夫妻は東京の二カ所で開かれたコンサートを鑑賞し、大変喜んだ。

Signora Palmieri, 1840-1890. Born in London and trained in Italy, Maria Palmieri had a successful career as a dramatic soprano, singing in many prestigious opera houses including La Scala, San Carlo (Naples) and the Théâtre-Italien in Paris. We do not know much about her sister Alice Persiani. They were on a world tour in 1875-6, visiting, after Japan, Melbourne, Australia, New York and Philadelphia in the USA. See, .

SOURCE

(1) Kurt Ganzl: Victorian Vocalists, Routledge, 2017, pp.436-442

(2) McVean Diary 1875

(3) Japan Weekly Mail, September 18, 1875. "Signora Palmieri Concert"

Luigi PALMIERI, 1807-1896 . ルイージ・パルミエリ、ナポリ地震観測台長

-ナポリ地震観測所所長で、1864年に自動地震記録計を発明し、それをマクヴェインは工部省測量司に導入しようと発注手続きを行った。パリミエルから販売への快諾を受け、マクヴェインは代金として200ポンドをヘンリー・シャボーに渡し、シャボーが1873年のクリスマス休暇にフランスで過ごしている間（シャボー婦人が南フランスで病気療養中）、ナポリに行ってそれを受け取って来るはずだった。しかし、製造は遅れており、シャボーは1874年1月に手ぶららで帰ってきて、1874年2月末になった装置はロンドンに送られてきた。すでにマクヴェインは日本へ出港してしまい、代わりにシャボーがそれを携えて来日することになった。1876年11月になって、大久保内務卿はパリミエル氏に感謝状を贈った。この地震計Seismographについては、北方灯台局Northern Lighthouse Boardのトーマス・スティブンソンThomas Stevensonや、イギリス海軍水域測量局ウィリアム・マックスウェルらもよく知っていた。

SOURCE

(1) 西本晃二, イタリア学会誌 (35), 187-203, 1986-03-15, イタリア学会

-明治九年(一八七六)維新になって間もない明治政府の内務郷大久保通利は、ナポリ大学附属ヴェスヴィアス観測所 (Osservatorio Vesvuiano)の初代所長ルイージ・パルミエーリに感謝状を送付した。

-さきに、わが政府が(お雇い)英国人マックヴィーン氏に命じて、貴下の発明になられた地震計および電気計などを購入するに際して、幸いにも貴下が(それ ら計器の)監査を御承諾下されたことによって精度の高い計器を将来することが出来、深く貴下の御厚意に感謝している。今ここに、わが国特産の綴錦のふくさ 一枚をお送りして、多少なりともその御苦労にむくゆる気持を表したい。どうか幸いにも貴下がこころよくお受け下さるよう願っている。わが(感謝の)念は、 述べつくせぬほどである。明治九年十二月二八日 内務卿 大久保利通 大学校究理学博士那不勤(ナポリ)観象台総長 ルイージ・パルミエーリ氏貴下

POWNALL, Charles Assheton Whately, 1850-1930. British Engineer. 碓氷峠鉄道のコンサルタントエンジニア

--He was an civil engineer, and took responsibility of consulting engineer to the railway bureau of Japan. He lived with his wife, Dora Bourne ROYDS at St. John’s Park in Blackheath, London. His second son, Henry Royds POWNALL was born in London on 19 November 1887. In 1890, they moved to Japan to take appointment of Japanese government.He designed mountain railway connecting Yokokawa and Karuizawa. Henry at the age of eight years, was sent to Rugby School, in Warwickshire, England. His father had been educated there, and as was common in this period, the son followed the father’s footsteps. He applied for entry to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and on being successful in his application and examination, he entered there in 1904 as a Gentleman Cadet.

+このパウナルは鉄道技師で、

SOURCE

(1) www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk

Author: Robert PALMER, M.A.

(2) Sigvard Johnson Berg & Charles Assheton Whately Pownall

The St. Gothard Mountain Railway and The Stanzerhorn Cable-Railway TOGETHER WITH The Monistrol-Montserrat Rack-Railway TOGETHER WITH The Usui Mountain Railway, Japan. An uncommon original article from the Institution of Civil Engineers 1895.

London: Institution of Civil Engineers, 1895. First Edition. Disbound. Very Good. Item #506097

John  PARRY, 18??-???. British Engineer and Architect. ジョン・パリー、イギリス人技術者、民部省燈明台掛及び工部省燈台寮に奉職。

--He was hired by the Lighthouse Board of Japan in the end of 1869, but his early career was not unknown at all.  In June 1873, he resigned the lighthouse board and started his engineering office with support of C.E. Kirby & Co., Yokohama. McVean received his photo card in November 1875 at Yokohama.

SOURCE

(1) Japan Weekly Mail

(2) The Japan Gazzette

John PERRY, 1850-1920. Irish Engineer. ジョン・ペリー、アイルランド出身イギリス人科学技術者、工部大学校教員

--John Perry (1850-1920), ER..S., engineer and educator, was born on 14

SOURCE

(1) Dictionary of National Biography.

  Feb. 1850 at Garvagh, Ulster, the second son of Samuel Perry and a Scottish-born wife. He graduated with B. Eng. with first class honours from Queens College, Belfast in 1870. He first taught at Chfton College, Bristol, from January 1871 where he wrote 4ヵ 万eezfgy 万eafse og Segrz and established the first physics laboratory and the second mechanics workshop in an English school. In 1874 he was Thomson's assistant in Glasgow for one year and was recommended to Tokyo where he commenced a three-year contract as professor in civil engineering at the ICE from 8 September 1875.

  He lectured on steam Dower, mechanical structures and hydrodynamics to Japanese student engineers while researching with Ayrton. He returned to London in 1879, and in 1882 was appointed to the chair of Mechanical Engineering at Sinsbury Technical College where he was reunited with Ayrton until 1889.From 1896 to 1913 he was Professor of Mathematics and Mechanics at the Royal College of Science and School of Mines in London (part of Imperial College from 1907). He enjoyed a vigorous social life, was member of the Athenaeum Club and “an a件ably disputatious man remembered fondly by both allies and one-time opponents. Died Notting Hil, 4 August 1920.

(2) McVean Archives

-Perry's letter to McVean dated June 16, 1878, Yedo.

Dear McVean

   According to promise I write a last letter from Japan, it will be a short one. I have not received a letter from you this year, but suppose you are more busy now than you were. Some of my students have just been in to  [Sq]  [Soyonora] [………….] with them a handsome sword said to be three hundred years old. We start in a fortnight’s time […] the City of Tokio on July 1st.. There will be on board numerous company of 17 Professors & others viz Mr & Mrs Parson with three children.  Mr & Mrs Munday with three, our [……..] selves with Hugh & Ethel,  [……….] the [……]men. Messrs Clark, Crawley and Atkinson are I hear going from Tokio and we hear of other passengers from china, some hope that the tedious journey will be enlivened by a marry company. [Ay…ta…] and Smith are returning […..] India. This is a great month here for the auctioneers especially our friend [Baune] -  [Cptin..] [sale] was on the 1st. Mundy’s on 8, Clarke, Caulys on 15, T. R. Davidson’s is to be 22nd, & Parson & mine jointly on the 29th, Aptons sale was a very curious one. He got Carder to draw his furniture from a [fan…] point of view and advertised it [la….ly] under the name of art furniture  -  at the auction he acted as auctioneers clerk [ex…..ley]  the articles one by one and not being satisfied with the price of many of them bought them in and now has two hundred dollars of furniture on his hands. Davidson’s departure is quite sudden. He has had continued attacks of illness since his return and now Anderson says he must not spend the summer here so he leaves directly.  There ever be] a great clearing out of Yedo people this summer and things are so shaky here that I doubt if many fresh men are engaged -  [Anesto ] are […..g] mo….] [daily] [chief] [man] of the  important members of Sato’s party and there is suspicion on all sides -  [we] have not a chief -  [Saigo] the [braev] soldier is at the head of the Educational Department. Whether he is as able with the pen as with the sword remains to be seen. Cawley has just written a paper on building in Japan. It was read before the [Asiatic] & since it has been published, has given great offence through its remarks on the Japanese generally & Japanese in particular remarks quite true but [ed……………ly] the peculiar light in which people who are leaving Japan generally regard their late friends & hosts.

  We are [h……..g] [a………de] with Parson for convenience sake, as neither of us have very much and this [arrgemnet]to [ till] [allow] us to stay in our our house till within a day or two of the time of sailing  -  The last days we spend at the [Barr….lles] – they are well – the [s…..] [h….] [..l……sly]   Mrs [Gle] has just read me a note she has received from Mrs McVean which is dated Oban so I suppose I shall do right in sending this letter there -  I shall [……..f] of our address in Cheshire [s….] I hope after reaching England & will write to you there.  Mr [L……] writes in kindest regards to McVean & the

children, And now this my last letter from Japan to you is “mo shimai”

                                       Yours vy tly      [………………..]

Q

Thomas Manson RYMER-JONES, 1839-1894. British Engineer. トーマス･マンソン・ライマー=ジョンズ、イギリス人技師

+リチャード･ライマージョンズの兄で、同じく技術者である。彼はジョイナーの妹Margaretと東京で結婚式を挙げている。1873年から76年まで、京都敦賀間の鉄道敷設工事に従事した。

SOURCE

(1) Ancestor

(2)  1894 ICE Obituary.

--the eldest son of the late Thomas Rymer-Jones, F.E.S., the eminent naturalist, was born in London on the 9th of December, 1839.

After being educated at King’s College, London, he was articled in 1858 to James Abernethy, under whom he was engaged two years later on the Falmouth Harbour and Dock works. There he obtained a practical knowledge of masonry which proved extremely useful in after life.

--In 1862 he took charge of similar work at Devonport for Mr. Jackson, and towards the end of the following year he was appointed, at the instance of the late Sir John Hawkshaw, an Assistant Engineer the staff of the Madras Railway Company. After some preliminary work, in order that he might gain experience of the natives, he was specially charged by the late W. G. Smart, then Chief Engineer, with the erection of considerable iron-girder bridges, a work necessitating much exposure to the sun and requiring extreme care. Having carried these out with rapidity and to the satisfaction of his chief, he was placed in charge of a District on the North West Division. Being more or less out of health from the effects of the climate and of fever, he returned to England in the autumn of 1870.

--Having recruited his health Mr. Rymer-Jones obtained in the summer of 1871 an appointment as an Assistant Engineer on the Mexican Railway, under the late James Samuel, Consulting Engineer, and the William Cross-Buchanan, Chief Engineer.

--He was employed on a section of 54 miles from Orizaba towards the city of Mexico. Another section had already been commenced from that city, and the two parties met in July, 1872, the work having been carried out in less than twelve months in the face of many difficulties. Early in the following year he made surveys of the Smyrna and Cassaba Railway in Asia Minor for J. H. Hutchinson, who was in charge of the construction of that line.

--In September, 1873, Mr. Rymer-Jones was appointed an Assistant Engineer on the Imperial Government Railways of Japan, under R. Vicars Boyle and subsequently under T. R. Shervinton. He was first engaged on the survey of the northern section of a projected line from Kioto to Tsuruga on the west coast, through rough country, 650 feet above Lake Biwa - round part of which the line lay - and 900 feet above sea-level.

--From the spring of 1875 until 1878 he was in charge of the construction of two sections between Osaka and Kioto. The general course of that line is west of the important River Yodo, and the work involved an immense amount of cross-drainage and of bridging tributaries, nearly all of which are subject to sudden and heavy floods.

--After the opening of the line to Kioto Mr. Rymer-Jones remained in general charge, under Mr. Shervinton, and in August, 1878, he was entrusted with the construction of the extension from Kioto to Otzu, the first section of the line to Tsuruga referred to above. The works included a bridge over the Kamogawa at Kioto, and the Osakayama tunnel nearly half a mile in length.

--This tunnel, of which he presented a description to the Institution, was the first constructed in Japan, and was entirely carried out by native workmen. Some severe gradients on this extension afforded valuable experience to the Japanese staff.

--Mr. Rymer-Jones returned to England at the beginning of 1881, and in the summer of 1883, he was appointed Engineer to a syndicate which had undertaken the construction of a railway from the port of Libertad to San Salvador and Santa Anna. He proceeded with an adequate staff to Central America and commenced operations; but, owing to the unsettled state of the country, funds were not forthcoming, the line was abandoned, and he returned home in the following summer.

--He took offices in the city as a Consulting Engineer, and in the spring of 1894 he completed and patented a method of ventilating steam-ships and of increasing forced draught.

--For some time his health, which had suffered from residence abroad, was indifferent, and a severe attack of jaundice, followed by haemorrhage of the liver, proved fatal on the 26th of July, 1894.

--Mr. Rymer-Jones was highly esteemed by his chiefs and colleagues as well as by all who worked under him. His sanguine and energetic temperament, and kind, genial disposition, found ample scope abroad. While strictly devoted to duty and vigilant in the discharge of every work entrusted to his care, he was fond of sport and adventure. He was a Freemason of many years’ standing, having held office as Master of the Lodge at Kobe and as Deputy Grand Superintendent of Works in Japan.

--In 1876 he became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Mr. Rymer-Jones was elected an Associate on the 3rd of December, 1867, and was transferred to the class of Member on the 6th of December, 1870.

(3) McVean Diary 1874

Alexander Manson RYMER-JONES, 1842-1881. British Engineer. アレクサンダー・マンソン・ライマー・ジョンズ、イギリス人技師

--キングス・カレッジの生物学教授のトーマス・ライマー・ジョンズの子供の一人で、兄弟とともに技術者の道を歩んだ。

SOURCE

(1) The Minutes of Proceeding of Institute of Civil Engineers, 1882. 

He was the second  son of the late Professor Thomas Rymer-Jones, of King's College, London, was born on the 15th of July, 1845. Articled to Mr.  F. Campin, he studied with that gentleman as a civil and mechanical engineer until 1866, when he proceeded to Maras Railways as assistant agent, carrying out under them several important works. Returning to England in 1871, he was employed by the late Mr. James Samuel, M. Inst. I. E., on the Mexican railways until 1872, and on the Boliva Railway by Messrs. Barnett and Gale, from 1873 to 1874, resigning on the transfer of the contract to other hands. Subsequently he served at the Cape of Good Hope as engineer for roads and bridges, from 1875 to 1877. In June 1880, 11c was engaged on the Conde  d‘En Railway, in Brazil, for Messrs. Wilson, Sons and Co., but owing to an attack of malarial fever,  he had to return to England to recruit his health. He then proceeded  to Spanish Estremadura for Messrs. Matheson and Co., to carry out large railway works, but a return of malarial fever accompanied by dysentery caused his death on the 6th of October, 1881, at the age of thirty-six. Amongst his various inventions was an automatic levelling machine, called the ‘‘Temnograph,” the perfection of which his early death prevented him from witnessing, but which has since been brought to completion. He was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 3rd of December, 1872.

S

SAKAKIBARA Yasutato, 18?? - ????. Interpretor. 榊原保太郎、通訳

--明治政府最初の神奈川県副知事兼外交担当であった寺島宗則の下で通訳に当たった。1869年4月にマクヴェインの工事監督で神子元島灯台建設が始まると、通訳としてたびたびやってきた。あまり英語は流暢ではなかったらしい。1874年12月の野毛山におけるメキシコ隊による金星日面通過観測においても通訳を務めた。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1869

Monday Jun 21. Fine.

Tomio  Maru started for Yokohama at 6 a..m. with Blundell, Major Woodcock, Saiton Murata de  Noske, SekakiBarra &c on board  - towed  the tender out a little way but she began to pitch rather too much  so I got into her and bid goodby to the Tomio for a fortnight or so  -

(2) 石井光太郎・東海林静男編『横浜どんたく』上、有隣堂、1973 年

「生粋の英語の通弁というのは、横山孫一郎・渡辺牧太・星亨・矢野次郎・富永冬樹・榊原保太郎・工藤助作・鳴戸義民(略)などの人々でしたが、榊原は県庁勤め、工藤は裁判所附で判事格でした」

SANO Tsunetami, 1823 -19002. Samurai from Saga Domain, Meiji Government Technocrat. 佐野常民、佐賀藩出身、洋学者、明治政府官僚

--マクヴェインが信頼していた官僚の一人であるが、佐野自身明治政府の中で微妙な立場にいた。幕府を倒した旧佐賀藩の重鎮として新政府の要職を担うはずだったが、海軍創設については旧薩摩藩士の川村純義と対立し、おそらく山尾庸三の誘いで新設になった工部省に移ってきた。工部省中枢を担うことなく燈台頭という職務であった。1872年になり、山尾とともに日本橋銀座焼失地区再開発事業及び皇居新築事業に関わったが、ウィーン万国博覧会の準備が始まると、活動の場をそちらの方に移していった。マクヴェインと1874年まで公私に渡る交流を持った。マクヴェインは、佐野の求めに応じてウィーン万国博覧会日本館の展示キャビネットを設計し、エジンバラのモートン社に発注した。佐野からの感謝状が遺されている。マクヴェインが離日前に開いた夕食会に佐野がやってきてた。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary 1875

--Saturday Dec 18, Miserable cold wet day.

Had a dinner party of Prince Kuroda, Mr Sano, Mr Murota, Tomita & the Joyners which should have taken place at 5.30 but we think Mr Sano must have forgotten all about it as he did not appear until we sent to him so it was fully 7 p.m.  before we sat down  Mrs Kurooda was also of the party. I think the party went off very well.  We did not get to bed until after midnight.  Mr Wood came up in time for dinner. 

トーマス・ロバート・シャーヴィントン, Thomas Robert SHERVINTON, 1827-1903, British Civil Engineer.

+シャーヴィントンはアイルランド公共事業局においてシヴィル・アンジニアのキャリアを歩き始めた。1846年から48年にはジャガイモ飢饉の救済事業に従事し、その後、ピーター・バローの下でいくつかの鉄道建設に関わった。横浜東京間と神戸大阪間の試験的な鉄道建設に引き続き、日本政府は総延長4千マイルに及び鉄道網の建設を始め、シャーヴィントンは鉄道主任技師として雇われた。

SOURCE 

(1) 御雇い

(2) 1903 ICE Obituary

--THOMAS ROBERT SHERVINTON began his engineering career in the service of the Board of Works in Ireland, and was employed on the famine relief works of 1846-48. From 1849 to 1854 he was engaged under Mr. Peter Barlow as Assistant and Resident Engineer in charge of works chiefly on the South Eastern Railway. On the recommendation of Mr. Barlow he was appointed in 1854 an Assistant Engineer in the service of the East Indian Railway Company.

--Two years later he was promoted to be Resident Engineer, and in that capacity, and subsequently as a District Engineer, he had charge of works of great magnitude and considerable engineering difficulty. During the mutiny he served as a Volunteer in a Rifle Corps.

--On the completion of the extensive works on the East Indian Railway, Mr. Shervinton was offered an appointment in Japan, that country having determined to establish railway communication from the coast to the capital, a system which, including Government and private lines, has now extended to over 4,000 miles.

He ultimately became the Chief Engineer to the whole system of railway communication in Japan, his clear, concise and systematic conduct having won the confidence of the Japanese in a remarkable manner. His offer to introduce a system of engineering instruction for the youth of Japan was eagerly taken advantage of; and great progress in that respect was made under his direction.

--Reference should be made to the extent and magnitude of the works carried out by Mr. Shervinton, in spite of great difficulties in a country subject to frequent volcanic action. The success of the first tunnel at Otsu was a virtual triumph to the Japanese, and the difficulty thenceforth was to induce them to consent to a line which would not have a tunnel on its route.

--After seventeen years’ service in India and eight years in Japan, Mr. Shervinton desired to be relieved from the unceasing cares and responsibilities of his arduous post. The Japanese, unwilling to part with an adviser in whom they placed absolute confidence, made him most liberal offers if he would remain, but, finding that he adhered to his determination, the Japanese Government appointed him their Consulting Engineer in England, submitting for his personal consideration all new railway projects, and entrusting him with the provision of the material and equipment of the same. So entirely suited to the exigencies of the country were his designs for locomotives that, with the permission of the Government, they have been adopted throughout Japan in the railways built by private enterprise. The Japanese Government signalized their high appreciation of his services by conferring on him the Imperial orders of 'The Rising Sun' and 'The Sacred Treasure.'

He died at his residence, 14 Earl’s Court Square, London, on the 30th April, 1903, aged 76.

Mr. Shervinton was elected a Member of the Institution on the 2nd April, 1867.

Henry (Joachim) SCHARBAU, 1822 - 14 Jun 1904。ヘンリー・シャボー、リューベック生まれ、イギリスに移住、測量と地図製作者。

+北ドイツのリューベック生まれだが、来歴も教育歴も不明。1840年代後半にイギリスに渡り、スコットランド南部の陸地測量に従事した。1858年から英国海軍測量局に移り、1861年からオットー艦長、トーマス艦長、ウィリアム副艦長の指揮の下でヘブリディーズ地方の測量をマクヴェインやチースマンとともに実施した。マクヴェインと同じように、軍属技術者ではなかった。マクヴェインとチースマンよりも15-16歳年上であるが、ヘブリディーズ測量をしていた4年間、公私にわたり親交を結んだのであろう。もっぱら測量地図作成の仕事に従事し、日本から帰国後は王立地理学協会地図部門担当者となり、亡くなる直前まで精力的に世界の未踏地の地図を作成した。

+Henry Scharbau (1822-1909). Germany born surveyor and cartographer, joined British Hydraulic Office in 1858, and engaged in surveying along the Hebrides coastal lines under direction of Captain H.C. Otter RN, Thomas, Maxwell together with C.A. McVean and W.E. Cheesman in 1861-1864. McVean invited Cheesman to Japan's survey office in November 1872, Scharbau in October 1873. After completed contract with Japanese government in 1879, he returned to the Britain, and became the chief cartographer of the Royal Geographical Society, London.

SOURCE

(1) Information from Archive of the Royal Maritime Museum

--Sharbau, Henry: German-born Draughtsman and cartographer. Upon first arriving in England, he found work on the Ordnance Survey and Admiralty surveys in Scotland, before becoming temporary assistant at the Hydrographic Office. He was appointed to the Royal Geographical Society 1881.

(2) The Organisation of Knowledge in Victorian Britain edited by Martin Daunton, Astor Professor of British History, 2005, p.326.

--The RGS not only collected maps, it also produced them. The move to Savile Row facilitated the appointment in 1873 of the society's first map draughtsman, W. J. Turner, to prepare maps on the premises under the super-vision of the curator. The duties of the map draughtsman were first written down in 1881, when Henry Scharbau replaced Turner. Scharbau's overtime fees soared as RGS involvement in map production increased sharply. In 1885 the system of overtime payments was abolished, Scharbau's salary was raised and Mr Milne, who had been working on a temporary basis, was appointed assistant map draughtsman, on condition that both men agreed in writing 'to prepare, in good time, the maps and diagrams required by the Secretary for the Society's Meetings and Publications without further remuneration'.74 A separate 'Map Drawing Account' was established in 1886, consisting almost entirely of Milne and Scharbau's salaries, and the cost of materials." Scharbau and Milne were kept busy. At the end of 1885 the library and map committee proposed the preparation of small maps of relevant regions for distribution at evening meetings" and, in 1888, the expedition committee ruled that 'maps of the regions in which the explorations recommended to them are proposed to be made should be placed before them'.77 Some councillors expressed concern at delays in the preparation of maps.78 However, internal enquiries concluded the work undertaken was highly intensive, involving such time-consuming operations as the interweaving of new lines of survey of varying accuracy into existing maps.79 Before 1873 the society did not employ a permanent map draughtsman. By 1893 techno-logical improvements, and the commitment of the RGS to a vision of scientific exploration centred around surveying, strained the capabilities of two full-time professionals.

(3) 『御雇い外国人名鑑』

［年齢］M7年当時52歳［雇用期間］内務省地理寮(6年11月1日-9年10月31日、満期帰国)［職種］測量師［給料］月給初年350円、次年400円、3年450円、食料及び宿料不給

(4) Geographical Journal" of July 1904,  pp.106-107.

Henry Sharbau. It is with great regret that we record the death of the Society's chief draughts-man, Mr Henry Sharbau, the extent and excellence of whose cartographical work, carried out in that capacity during a period of nearly a quarter of a century, is a matter of knowledge to all, whether at home or abroad, who are acquainted with the Society's publications during that time. Mr. Sharbau, who had passed the age of eighty, had for some time been in failing health, and the death of his wife not many months before his own came as an additional blow from which he never recovered, though he stuck to his work manfully almost to the late Mr. Sharbau was born at Lubeck in North Germany in 1822, but came to this country when a young man, his special aptitudes in the direction of surveying and draughtsmanship finding scope, firstly in work on the Ordnance Survey of the south of Scotland, and afterwards (between 1858 and 1864) in the Admiralty Surveys in the Hebrides and some of the western lochs. In 1861 he assisted in the survey of Loch Lomond under Captain H. C. Otter, R.N., and in 1864 in that of Loch Sunart under Captain E. J. Bedford, R.N., his chief in the Hebrides work having been Commander F. W. L. Thomas, R.N. In 1865 he was appointed temporary assistant in the Hydrographic Office, a post which he held for nine years, or until 1874. In this year he became naturalised as a British subject. Obtaining an appointment under the Japanese Government, he was engaged in survey work in Japan for about two years, and after his return did work as a draughtsman for the Home Office, Admiralty, and in Stanford's establishment until his appointment under the Royal Geographical Society in 1881. Mr. Sharban's work was marked by its painstaking and conscientious character ; he spared no pains in the working up of the cartographic material brought home by travellers, and its correlation with previous work of the kind. One of the most important results of his labours in this direction was the map of Tibet, compiled by him under the superintendence of General Walker, and first published by the Society in 1894. Those who have only seen his maps as they came from the lithographer's hands have little idea of the excellence of the original drawings, which possessed an artistic finish which was frequently to s' me extent lost in the final product. Mr Sharbau belonged to a type of cartographers which Is none too common in this country, and his place in the curriculum of the Society's work will not easily be filled.

(5) Cemetery

--Cemetery: Henry Scharbau, died in 14 Jun 1904. Ladywell and Brockley Cemeteries. 109A Brockley Grove, London, Greater London, England

[Sybella, wife of Henry Scharbau who died December 3rd 1902. Also, of Henry Shcarbau, who died June 14th 1904. aged 81 years.]

※『ジオグラフィカル･ジャーナル』誌に「1904年、婦人が亡くなってから幾月も経たぬうちに、シャボー氏は80歳で亡くなった」と述べられており、それは上記の墓石写真の碑文と一致する。正確な生年月日や遺族などの名前はないが、ルイシャムで亡くなったことは確か。

(6) Map of Loch Uskavach. The Royal Maritime Museum.

[Map of Loch Uskavach surveyed by F.W. Thomas, R.N., assisted by Morrison and Sharbau, 1862.]

(7) Madeline Scarth (Harrison Scharbau), 1864-1957, a daughter of Joachim Henry Scharbau.

--According to "1901 England & Wales Census,"  she was born Circa 1865 at Boulogne Tm France British Subject, lived at 1901 - 80 Embleton RD, Lewisham, London, England, married to Pillans Scarth, had son Henry W Scarth.

※シャボー夫妻には娘がおり、「1901年イングランド･ウェールズ統計」によれば、彼女は1865年頃にフランスのブーローニュで生まれたことになっている。軍人のScarthと結婚し、1901年にはウールリッチ近くのルイシャムに住んでいた。この統計に記されたJoachim Henry Sharbauは日本に来たHenry Scharbauに間違いないが、墓石にはヨアキムの表記はない。

(8) 4 Oct 1899 Frederick Henry Scharbau 32 bac Civil Servant of St Mary's Lewisham son of Henry Scharbau - Cartographer Royal Geographic Society & Alice Catherine Merridew 26 sp of Argyle Rd, Ealing dau of Henry Melville Merridew (dec) bookseller wit. Alfred Baikie and Louisa Emma Merridew. Alice Catherine MERRIDEW (1873-1961)

SHINAGAWA  Eisuke, 1856-。品川英助、通訳

--One of interpreters in early Meiji government, worked at Yokohama (Kanagawa) under Samejima Naonobu, vice governor.

--When McVean started construction of lighthouse at Rock Island/Mikomotojima, he came there sometimes as interpreter.

SOURCE

(1) Life of Interpreter

(2) McVean's Diary 1868

Scottish Meteorological Society, 1855-1921 スコットランド気象協会

＋1855年に、大農園主のデヴィッド・ミルン・ホームズの提唱と資金提供により発足した気象学関連学術組織。共同発起人にはスティブンソン技術事務所のトーマスが参加し、その後、続々とスコットランドの自然科学者が参加した。トーマスが初代事務局長を勤め、その後とアレクサンダー・バッカンが50年近く勤めた。1870年代は、気象学からバッカンが、海洋学からジョン・マレーがチャレンジャー号海洋探検隊に参加した。工部大学校教授であったカーギル・ノットが1880年代に会長を務めた。1921年には、ロンドンに本拠を置く王立気象協会と合併した。

＋1873年にマクヴェインは同協会の技術支援のもとで日本政府の気象観測体制を整えようと協力合意を結んだ。工部少輔の山尾庸三の理解のもとで、工部省測量司が所轄するはずだったが、協力合意を結んだ直後、日本では測量司の内務省移管が決まった。事情をよく知る山尾庸三と河野通信が居なくなったことから、内務省内での事業実施が難しくなった。アンチ・フォーリン・パーティ（反イギリス人党）は師長マクヴェインのもとでSMSから技術支援を受けることを拒否した。しかし、SMSは日本に寄港するチャレンジャー号の面々にマクヴェインの気象観測に技術支援を託し、実際、トムソン隊長、マレー副隊長、ティザード副隊長らが大和屋敷に滞在し技術支援を行った。

SOURCE

(1) JOURNAL OF THE SCOTTISH METEOEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1874

-MINUTE or MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE SCOTTISH METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, held on 3d December 1873.

Mr. Buchan stated that an application had been made by Colin A. M'Vean, Esq., on behalf of the Government of Japan, for advice regarding the establishment of a system of Meteorological Observations in Japan. He then submitted a Memorandum on the subject. This Memorandum the Council approved of.

-REPORT OF THE HALF YEARLY GENERAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY

An application has been made to the Council by Mr. Colin A. M'Vean, on behalf of the Government of Japan, for advice regarding the establishment of a system of meteorological

 observations in Japan. In answer to this application, the Council forwarded a memorandum regarding suitable instruments, their position, hours of observation, the establishment of a central observatory, inspection of stations, publications, and special observations of storms.

Previously, a similar application had been made by Mr. J. D. Campbell, on behalf of the Chinese Government. After some correspondence, it was judged desirable to remit the question of the organization of the Chinese meteorological system to the Meteorological Congress at Vienna. This was accordingly done, and the Congress cordially took the matter up, and gave the advice asked for.

It is proposed to affiliate the Chinese meteorological stations with those of Asiatic Russia, Japan, India, the East India Islands, Australia, the Pacific Islands, and the United States, in

pursuance of the arrangements so energetically carried out by the United States Government. It is unnecessary to point out the important results to meteorological science which will accrue from the establishment of observations over so large an area of the earth's surface.

At the Meteorological Congress at Vienna in September last, Brigade-General Myer submitted the following proposal, viz. : ' That it is desirable that, with a view to their exchange,

at least one uniform observation, of such a character as to be suitable for the preparation of synoptic charts, be taken, and recorded daily and simultaneously at as many stations as practicable throughout the world.' The proposal that the establishment of a system of observations of an international character is desirable, was unanimously adopted by the Vienna Congress, and the scheme has been in operation since 1st January of this year, under General Myer's superintendence, at Washington.

(2) Tizard's Contribution to Japan's Meteorology.

James SIMMS, 1829-1915. British Instrument Maker and Astronomer.ジェームス・シムス、光学機器

--Owner of famous British instrument maker, Troughton and Simms.

＋19世紀イギリスの世界的光学機器メーカーであるトロートン・アンド・シムス社の社長兼天文学者。1873年、翌年末に予定された金星日面通過現象の観測のため、世界各国の科学者から機器の注文がきていた。明治政府の工部省測量師長マクヴェインは天測（経緯度測定）のために同社に機器一式を注文し、それを用いて金星日面通過の観測を計画した。また、1873年9月にグリニッジ王立天文台に行き、シムスから直接金星日面通過観測手法の指南を受けた。

Robert Henry SMITH, 1852-1916.ロバート・ヘンリー・スミス.開成学校技術科教授

・日本の木材に関する論文をアジア協会雑誌に発表している。

SOURCE

WORKS

(1) Japanese Wood, TASJ, 1875.

Smith, William Henry. 1838-1884.ウィリアム･ヘンリー･スミス、ヨコハマ･クラブのマネージャー、日本の文物の輸出ビジネス

＋スミスは「公共心のあるスミス」または「P.P.S.」として広く知られ、1860年代から1870年代初頭にかけて横浜の外国人居留地の発展に大きく貢献した人物の1人。彼は町のほぼすべての主要な重要な取り組みに関わった。ジョン・レディ・ブラックはスミスを「この国に来た人の中で最も精力的で疲れを知らない人物の1人」と評した。

- 60年代から70年代にかけて横浜の心、魂、脈動だったが、70年代半ばに彼は突然経済的に崩壊し完全に姿を消した。1883年に別の国で新しい生活を始めるために日本を最後に去ったが、その後すぐに死去亡。

-グランド ホテル、横浜ユナイテッド クラブ、ブラフ ガーデンなどのマネージャーを務めた。

-横浜の開拓者西洋人の中で、町の生活を改善し、人気を高めた彼の初期の成功に匹敵する者は誰もいない。財産と評判がこれほど劇的で悲劇的に転落した人はほとんどいない。

幼少期と中国派遣

-ウィリアム ヘンリー スミスは、1838 年 11 月 14 日にイギリスのノーフォーク州イースト タッデンハムで生まれた。彼の父親もウィリアム ヘンリー スミスと呼ばれ、そこで牧師を務めていした。ウィリアムは 10 人兄弟の長男。1851 年の国勢調査では、ウィリアムはサフォーク州デアハムのギルドホール レーンにあるジョセフ トンプソン氏の学校の生徒として記録された。

- 1851 年 8 月、スミスは比較的新しいマールボロ カレッジに入学し、スポーツの基礎スキルを身につけた。1855 年のイースター タームの終わりに学校を卒業した後、海軍士官候補生としてイギリス海兵隊軽歩兵隊に入隊し、ポーツマス本部で少尉に任命された。ルイスで勤務し、再びポーツマスで勤務した後、19 歳のときに第 2 大隊とともに中国に派遣された。1857 年 8 月から 1861 年 5 月まで、連合軍が北京を撤退するまで、中国北部の中国人クーリー部隊に所属した。

SOURCE

(1) Biographical Portraits, Britain & Japan.

-He was commonly known as ‘Public Spirited Smith’ or ‘P.P.S.’, was one of the key figures in the development of the foreign settlement in Yokohama in the 1860s and early 1870s. He was involved in nearly every major important initiative in the town. John Reddie Black described him as ‘one of the most energetic and indefatigable men to come to this country’.

-‘Any description of “Yokohama in the Sixties” would be incomplete without mention being made of one of the Pioneers, “Public Spirited Smith”,’ wrote Arthur Brent in an article published in 1902. In many ways Smith was the heart, soul and pulse of early Yokohama but in the mid-70s his world suddenly disintegrated financially; he completely disappeared from the spotlight and escaped from Yokohama. He left Japan for the last time in 1883 in order to build a new life in another country but died soon afterwards.

-Certain of his grandest creations like the Grand Hotel, the Yokohama United Club and the Bluff Gardens were prominent features of Yokohama life for many decades after his departure.

- Of the pioneering Westerners in Yokohama, no one could match his early triumphs in improving life in the town and his popularity. Few experienced such a dramatic and tragic downturn in their fortunes and reputation.

EARLY LIFE AND CHINA DEPLOYMENT

-William Henry Smith was born on 14 November 1838 in East Tuddenham in Norfolk, England, where his father, also called William Henry Smith, was the rector. William was the eldest of ten children. In the 1851 Census, William was recorded as a scholar at the school of Mr Joseph Thompson in Guildhall Lane, Dereham, Suffolk.

- In August 1851 he entered the relatively new Marlborough College where he developed basic skills in sports such as cricket, football and possibly wall-based sports. After leaving school at the end of the Easter term in 1855 Smith joined the Royal Marines Light Infantry as a gentleman cadet and was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant in the Portsmouth Headquarters. He served at Lewes and again in Portsmouth before being sent, at the age of nineteen, to China with the 2nd Battalion. From August 1857 to May 1861 he was attached to the Chinese Coolie Corps in northern China until the evacuation of Peking by Allied Forces.

(2) J.F. Campbell, My Circular Notes (1876)

--ヨコハマクラブのマネージャー業をしながら、日本の動植物を採集し、それを輸出していたことが書かれている。

SUZUKI Shigeha (Suzuki Shigemi), 1834-1882. 鈴木重葉（鈴木重美）、天保4年5月(1834)ー明治15(1882)年10月18日没. 東京府人、工部省測量司最初の日本人技官。

＋赤川克一や秋吉金徳らとともに技術の心得のある幕臣だったと思われ、明治維新後、民部省土木司に出仕するが、明治3年、民部省横浜製鉄所に転属。横浜製鉄所で、頭の山尾庸三、ヴァルカン鉄工所のマクヴェインらと出会う。工部省発足とともに、山尾に誘われ、工学寮・測量司に転属。1874年1月9日、測量司は内務省配下になったが、鈴木の人事記録では同年2月19日に内務省測量ニ等中技手任用となっている。測量師長マクヴェインの下で、工学寮工学校校舎設計、銀座日本橋再開発計画作成、旧江戸城測量などに関わった。内務省では測量部局は漸次縮小、そして廃止となり、1877年まで勤めていたことがわかる。その5年後の1882年に病死。勤勉で物静かな人物であったようだ。

SOURCE

(1)公文録：故内務六等属鈴木重葉祭粢料下賜之義ニ付伺

一金百圓　祭粢料

故内務六等属鈴木重葉本月十八日死去候處同人義ハ明治三年三月民部省土木少令史ニ拝命セシ以降別紙履歴書ノ通満十二年八ヶ月勤続終始測量製図ノ事ヲ擔任ｼ拮据黽勉功労不尠者ニ付特別ノ譯ヲ以テ前書ノ金額為祭粢料下賜相成候様致度尤モ金額ハ當省経費ノ内ヨリ支辨致候積リ別紙履歴書相添此の叚相伺候也　　明治十五年十月二十六日

東京府士族　鈴木重葉　天保四年五月生

明治三年三月十日　任土木少令史　民部省

同年同月十日　横浜製鉄所出張申付候事　同

同年十一月七日　工部省出頭申付候事　同

同年十二月廿二日　文書掛申付候時　工部省

四年正月十九日　免本官　民部省

同年同月同日　任史生　工部省

同年八月十九日　任測量少令史　同

同年同月二十八日　任兼工学少属　同

同年同月同日　書記掛申付候事　同

同年十二月十日　絵図掛申付候事　同

五年二月二日　任工学権中属兼測量権中令史　同

同年四月廿日　當二月廿六日府下焼失跡測量御用相勤候ニ付為賞典金十円下賜候事　測量司

同年五月廿二日　免本官専任測量権中令史　工部省

同年十月廿七日　任測量二等少手

同年十一月四日　技術課器械掛兼務申付候事　測量司

六年四月八日　課中事務取締心得申付候事　同

同年十一月七日　製図科取り締申付候事　同

七年一月廿四日　任測量一等少手　工部省

七年二月十九日　任測量ニ等中技手　内務省

同年同月廿五日　御用ニ付横浜出張申付候事　測量司

同年七月七日　技術課専務絵図掛申付候事　同

同年八月三十一日　任地理二等中技手　内務省

同年十月十九日　量地課申付候事　地理寮

八年七月十二日　横浜出張申付候事　内務省

九年三月三十一日　昨明治八年中皆勤ニ付為其賞金十円下賜候事　同

同年十二月十八日　任地理一等中技手　同

十年一月十一日　地理寮被廃　同

同年同月廿三日　任内務六等属

同年同月同日　地理局事務取扱申付候事　同

十五年十月十八日　病死

(2)

Douglas Austhwaite STANLEY, 1838-1896. ダグラス･オースワイト・スタンレー。イギリス人技師

+19世紀後半のイギリスの典型的な技術者で、マクヴェインと同時にウィリアム･マカンデリシュに雇われヴァルナ･ルスチック鉄道の建設事業に従事した。

SOURCE

(1) ICE Journal Obituary, 1896.

 son of Mr. Edward Stanley, of Ponsonby Hall, Cumberland, for many years M.P. for West Cumberland, was born on the 24th of September, 1838. After serving in the Royal Nary as a midshipman, he was articled in 1859 to the late Mr. John Trevor Barkley, Civil Engineer, and was subsequently employed from 1862 to 1864 on the survey and construction of the Danube and Black Sea Railway and Harbour under that gentleman. From 1864 to 1866 he was engaged on the Varna and Rustchuk Railway, under Mr. William McCandlish, and was then for three years in charge of works on the Giurgevo and Bucharest Railway for Messrs. Brassey, Pet0 and Co. He was next employed from 1869 to 1871 on the maintenance of the Varna Railway, under the Varna Railway Company, and nn 1871 and 1872 on the survey of the western division of the Honduras Railway for Messrs. Waring and Co. From 1872 to 1876 Mr. Stanley practised on his own account in England, and was afterwards for three years in charge of the survey and construction of the Evesham, Redditch and Stratford-on-Avon liailway, under Mr. Liddell. He was ubsequently employed from 1880 to 1884 on the construction of the Minas and Rio Railway for Messrs. Waring and Co., and from 1884 to the date of his death he practised on his own account. During that period he was constantly on the move, visiting Russia, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Mexico, the United States, Brazil, Egypt, Roumania and South Africa, for the purpose of reporting upon almost every class .of engineering undertaking. Mr. Stanley was socially a most agreeable companion and a good sportsman, a man of considerable character, activity and perseverance, most conscientious in the execution of his duties, and highly respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He died at Monte Carlo from the effects of a chill on the 2nd of March, 1896, after a few hours’ illness. He was elected a Member on the 1st of December, 1891. 

Henry Craven ST. JOHN,  5 January, 1837 – 21 May, 1909. Royal Navy.ヘンリー・セント･ジョン

※St. John was promoted to the rank of Commander on 12 April, 1866, "in consideration of the skill and judgment displayed by him in effecting the destruction of a large piratical force of Chinese junks, without loss in the attack and capture. After Captain Brooker, the commander of the HMS Sylvia fell ill in 1869, William Maxwell took position of commander for a while, and soon replaced by St. John. He was promoted to the rank of Captain on 18 September, 1873.

※イギリス海軍士官セント･ジョンは中国ステーションに配属されて、中国ジャンク船の密貿易の取り締まりに大きな貢献をした。1870年には日本海域で水路測量をしていたシルヴィア号の艦長に任命され、日本海軍に教えながら、日本沿岸を測量をした。鳥類学の論文がある。

SOURCE

(1) National Biography

(2)  NOTES AND SKETCHES FROM THE WILD COASTS OF NTPON WITH CHAPTERS ON CRUISING AFTER PIRATES IN CHINESE WATERS By CAPTAIN H. C. ST. JOHN, RN, 1880.

Thomas STEVENSON,  1818-1887. Scottish Civil Engineer, Meteorologist.トーマス・スティブンソン、スコットランド系技術者、気象学者。

＋エジンバラのロバート・スティブンソンは灯台建設に卓越した技術を持ち、商務省から北方灯台局の運営管理を任されていた。3人の息子たちも技術者となり、三男のトーマスは気候学に秀でて、スコットランド気象協会の創設に関わった。1873年にマクヴェインがスコットランド気象協会と技術支援の協定を結んだとき、名誉事務局長を務めていた。

HMS Sylvia, 1866-1889.イギリス海軍水域測量局測量船シルヴィア号

--1866年3月22日イギリス海軍ウールリッジ造船所で完成し、すぐに測量船に艤装された。中国ステーションに派遣されることになり、同年11月13日にブローカー艦長の指揮で試験操行の後、同年11月28日にプリマスを出港した。大西洋を南下し、マゼラン海峡を経由し、さらに太平洋を横断し、香港に到着した。副艦長として、ウィリアム・マックスウェルが乗船しており、マクヴェインにさまざまな便宜を提供した。幕府崩壊前夜では幕府との共同測量は叶わず、独自に瀬戸内から下関海峡を通り、長らくまでを測量した。明治政府に兵部省が発足すると、海軍を統括する川村純義を通して共同水域測量が始まり、柳楢悦が実際の担当者となった、測量士官のベイリーは日本側士官の教育担当となり、同士官のジェームス・バットは多くの水彩画を残した。

SOURCE

(1) 大日本外交文書シルビア関係

H. B. M. Legation, Yedo, March 7, 1871. The Undersigned has the honour to inform Their Excellencies, with reference to his letter of 29th December last, that Her Majesty's Ship "Sylvia" is expected to arrive at Yokohama on or about the 12th instant, and that she will be prepared to leave for Yezo on the 1st April next to commence the survey of that Island. The Undersigned therefore begs to be informed by Their Excellencies what vessel has been selected to accompany Her Majesty's Ship Sylvia, and what officers will be appointed to serve on board of her. He is also desirous of learning what arrangements Their Excellencies have made in accordance with the terms of his letter above-quoted, and specially whether the coal necessary for carrying out this service has been provided at the points which he has named. If the Japanese vessel be not ready to join the expedition the Undersigned must urge Their Excellencies to desire the proper authorities to see that the necessary preparations are completed without delay and the Undersigned trusts to receive from Their Excellencies a distinct assurance that she will be ready for sea by the 1st April next. The Undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew the assurance of his most distinguished consideration. 

HARRY S. PARKES, H. B. M. Envoy Extraordinay and Minister Plenipotentiary

Their Excellencies Sawa Jiusammi, Terashima Jiushii, etc,, etc,, etc,,

（附記一）

戊辰正月廿一日（1868年2月14日）

以書状致啓上候然は従来外国船九州平戸海峡通行の節暗礁に當りし事数度有之候に付此度我国の軍艦知りヴィア船将え命し同所近海測量為致候積に御座候間右測量萬事差支無之様同所の大名などえ東久世様より御命置被下候様頼度候尤明朝長崎表え幸便有之候間御都合次第右御命し方當方え御斡旋可申存候此段可得得貴意如御座候以上

正月廿一日エルネストサトウ

岩佐佐次植右衛門様

注三右附記一に対する我方回答見当らす

（右附記二）

British Legation, Yedo, April 6, 1869. 

 The Undersigned has the honor to inform Their Excellencies that Captain Brooker commanding Her Majesty's Surveying vessel "Sylvia" is about to proceed to the Inland Sea to continue the survey of Kuroshima no sato the Shimonoseki and Akashi Straits and the Naruto Passage, and he wishes while thus engaged to receive such assistance from the Japanese Authorities as shall prevent any misunderstanding as to the character of his duties on the part of any Japanese. 

 Their Excellencies are aware that Captain Brooker was employed during a great part of last year in surveying the western coast of Kiushiu, and the Government of Nagasaki appointed Mashima Joichiro to accompany him as Interpreter. That officer is now at Osaka and is willing to act again as Interpreter to Captain Brooker while surveying in the Inland Sea. Captain Brooker wishes therefore that Mashima Joichiro may receive orders to join him at Osaka and he also requests that the Japanese Government will consider the claim of this officer to receive a suitable rate of pay while thus employed. 

 Captain Brooker has informed the Undersigned that In has received cordial assistance from the Chifuji of Nagasaki and from several of the Daimics of Kiushiu, but has occasionally been much annoyed with the interference of Japanese officers of low rank who have, in some instances peremptorily ordered the villagers not to sell him provisions or to give him any information rs to hidden rocks dangers etc. 

It seems therefore desirable that Captain Brooker should be furnished by Their Excellencies with a letter or order that shall serve to explain the character of the ship to the officers or people of every place he may visit, and which should at the same time enjoin upon them to render hint all the assistance he may require of the kind above named.

 Captain Brooker is not only willing to furnish the Japanese Government with copies of his surveys but has offered to assist Japanese officers in becoming acquainted with practical surveying if the Japanese Government would appoint a small steamer, on board which the said officers could live, to accompany him in his operations. The Undersigned may mention in this connection that a small steamer called the " Tayung " was lately purchased at Osaka for the Light house service by Hasegawa and although found unsuitable for that employment, it might answer for the purpose proposed by Captain Brooker.

 The Undersigned feels assured that Their Excellencies will take a deep interest in the important duties in which Captain Brooker is engaged, as they cannot fail to see that these are calculated to be as beneficial to Japan as to foreign nations. It would be well, indeed, if Japan could cooperate to a greater extent in so good a work. But if this be impossible at the present date, the Undersigned trusts that Their Excellencies will be so good as to furnish at once the orders to Mashima Joichiro, and the general instructions above mentioned regarding the attention which should everywhere be paid to Captain Brooker, as that officer, who is now at Yokohama, only waits for the receipt of these instructions to proceed at orce to Osaka and the Wand Sea.

 The Undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew the assurances of his distinguished consideration. 

HARRY S. PARKES, Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan. 

Their Excellencies Date Chiunagon dono, Higashi Kuze Chiujo dono, etc., etc., etc. 

（右附記二和訳文）

Yedo, April 2, 1870. The Undersigned hes carefully considered the proposal made by Their Excellencies in their note of the 8th October last that a survey should be made by English officers of the coast of Hokukaido (Yezo 1. He deferred answering this note until he could consult Vice-Admiral Kellett, the Commander-in-Chief on the China and Japan Station, who has lately visited Japan, and who has had great ex-

perience in surveying operatiors. The Commander-in-Chief has pointed cut to the Undersigned that a complete survey of the coast of the Hokukaido would take some time to ac-complish, and if confided, as an isolated operation, to one or two officers, disconnected from their own service, and working in a Japanese vessel, the time is likely to be greatly prolonged, and the work to be less satisfactorily performed. The thorough equipment of the vessel employed on such a service is a point of great importance, and accidents, the want of proper instruments, or any irregularities in management beyond the control of such officers might materially retard their proceedings. In the opinion therefore of the Commander-in-Chief, a better course for the Japanese Government to pursue would be to request the British Government to agree to a scheme under which a joint survey by the two Governments of the coast of Japan might be proceeded with and of which the survey of Yezo would form a part. The Undersigned begs Their Excellencies to 

inform him whether this opinion meets with the approval of the Japanese Government, as in that case, the Undersigned, acting in conjunction with the Commander-in-Chief would not hesitate to re-commend it to the corsideration of Her Majesty's Government. The necessary replies cculd not he received this year in time to admit of Her Majes ty's Ship "Sylvia " being diverted frcm the survey of the coast of Kii and Ise, and of the entrance of the Shimonoseki Straits, on which she will he en-gaged during the coming summer, nor is it desira-ble that this work should he interrupted. But as a preliminary step to the plan of cooperation here-in proposed, and one which cannot fail to he pro-ductive of benefit to the Japanese Government, the Undersigned strongly recommends that the latter should appoint a vessel and several officers to ac-company and to assist the " Sylvia" in making the last-mentioned surveys, as the instruction and ex-perience which would thus be acquired by those officers would enable them to take a much more effective part in the survey of the coast of the 

Hokukaido, in case this should be undertaken early next year. The Undersigned should add that he believes that the Japanese Government would find that the scheme now proposed, if concurred in by the British Government, would prove more economical both in point of time and money than that of a detached survey undertaken by the former on their own account. The Undersigned takes this opportunity of delivering to the Japanese Government two com-plete sets of all the charts of the Japan coast which have yet been published by the British Admiralty, and which Her Majesty's Government has directed the Undersigned to present to the Japanese Govern-ment as an acknowledgement of the assistance rendered by the latter to Her Majesty's Ship "Sylvia " while engaged last year in the survey of the Inland Sea. The Undersigned appends a list of these charts, which he hopes will prove useful to the Japanese Government. 

The Undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew to Their Excellencies the assurance of his most distinguished consideration. HARRY S. PARKES, Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan. 

Their Excellencies Sawa Ju san i Kiyowara Nobuycshi, Terashima Ju shi i Fujiwara Munenori, etc., etc., etc. 

(2) Profile of the HMS Sylvia, the Victorian Royal Navy

--Name: Sylvia /Type: Gunvessel, /Hull: Wooden /Launched: 20 March 1866 /Propulsion: Screw /Builders measure: 695 tons

 /Displacement: 865 tons, /Guns: 4, /Fate: 1889, /Class: Cormorant, /Ships: book, /Note: 1866.10 survey vessel, /Snippets: concerning this vessels career.

--12 October 1866 - 7 October 1869. Commanded (from commissioning at Woolwich) by Commander Edward Wolfe Brooker, surveying, China station (until Brooker was invalided).

--7 October 1869 - 9 April 1873. Commanded (until paying off at Sheerness) by Commander Henry Craven St John, surveying, China station.

--18 November 1873 - 1877 Commanded (until paying off at Hong Kong) by Captain Henry Craven St John, surveying, China station

--27 November 1876 - 15 July 1877 Commanded (from commissioning at Hong Kong) by Captain Bonham Ward Bax, surveying, China station (until Bax died of dysentery at Nagasaki, Japan).

--27 November 1877 - 17 November 1880 Commanded (until paying off at Sheerness) by Commander Pelham Aldrich, surveying, China

--27 March 1882 - 8 April 1884 Commanded by Captain William James Lloyd Wharton, surveying, Strait of Magellan

--8 April 1884 Commanded by Captain Pelham Aldrich, surveying, Cape of Good Hope, then Gibraltar

--28 October 1885 - 22 February 1889 Commanded (until paying off at Sheerness) by Commander Llewellyn Styles Dawson, Mediterranean

(3) Brief log of HMS Sylvia, National Maritime Museum.

The 22 March 1866; Her Majesty's screw gun vessel Sylvia, 4, was on Tuesday launched from her building slip in Woolwich dockyard. The Sylvia has been on the stocks since 1659, when she was set up in frame, and, like many other ships then in progress, she was ordered to remain unfinished, and was set aside to give way to the improved system introduced by Mr. Reed. She is now intended to be prepared for surveying purposes, and is constructed on designs similar to those of the Nassau, launched last month at Pembroke yard. Her principal dimensions are as follows:- Length between perpendiculars, 185 ft.; length of keel for tonnage, l65 ft. 7¼ in.; breadth, extreme, 28 ft 4 in.; breadth for tonnage, 28 ft. 1 in.; breadth moulded, 27 ft. 6 in.; depth in hold, 14ft.; burden in tons, old measurement, 694 66-94ths. The ceremony of christening the Sylvia was performed by Miss Monteith, a niece of the superintendent of the yard, Commodore Hugh Dunlop. The launch was witnessed by the numerous naval and military officers residing in the garrison and neighbourhood and their families and a large assemblage of visitors, who were admitted without restriction. The launch took place at 4 o'clock precisely, after which the work of the yard totally ceased for the day, as usual at former launches.

1866年3月22日、スクリュー砲艦シルヴィア号は、ウールリッチ造船所の船橋台から進水した。シルビア号は測量のために艤装され、同じように設計されたナッサウ号もまた先月ペンブロークで進水した。

Tu 6 November 1866; Her Majesty's vessel Sylvia, commissioned by Commander Edward William Brooker (December, 1863) for surveying purposes, yesterday returned to Woolwich Arsenal from her official trial trip, and shipped her powder at the red buoy. On Thursday morning Commodore-Superintendent Edmonstone and Mr. Lorie, secretary, will go on board and make a final inspection of the crew and ship throughout. She will be in readiness for sea on the following Monday, when she will go down to Greenhithe to adjust compasses.

1866年11月6日、シルヴィア号はエドワード・ウィリアム･ブローカー船長の指揮で、試験操行からウールリッチ造船所に戻ってきた。木曜早朝、エドモンストーンとローリエによってスクリューや船体の最終検査が行われた。

Tu 13 November 1866; Her Majesty's surveying vessel Sylvia, 5 guns, commissioned on the 12th ult. by Commander Edward W. Brooker at Woolwich, sailed from Greenhithe after the adjustment of compasses yesterday, under orders to call at Portsmouth, Devonport, Madeira, or St. Vincent, Rio Janeiro, Cape of Good Hope, &c, through the Straits of Magellan to Hongkong, to carry out a survey in the Chinese waters.

1866年11月13日、シルヴィア号は5つの銃砲を備え、ブローカー船長の指揮でウールリッチを出港し、ポーツマス、ダベンポート、マディラ、セント･ヴィンセント、リオ･ジャネイロ、喜望峰を越えて、マゼラン海峡を経て香港に達し、そこで中国水域の測量を実施する。

Th 22 November 1866; The screw steam surveying vessel Sylvia, 5, from Sheerness, which, arrived on Monday at Plymouth, was completing with fuel on Tuesday, preparatory to her departure for China.プリマス到着、中国水域測量の準備

We 28 November 1866; The paddle-wheel steam surveying vessel Sylvia, 5, left Plymouth on Monday evening for China.

Sa 9 October 1869; The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty:- Commander H.C. St. John to the Sylvia, vice Brooker, invalided

1869年10月9日、海軍は、シルヴィア号艦長をブローカーに代えてセント・ジョンを任命することを昨日に決めた。

We 2 April 1873; The Sylvia, 5, screw surveying-vessel, Commander Henry C. St. John, from the China seas, arrived at Sheerness on Monday to be paid off. She will be taken into the basin to be dismantled on Wednesday.

Ma 17 November 1873; The following appointments nave been made at the Admiralty:- ... Capt. H.C. St. John, to the Sylvia, commissioned; Lieut. R.F. Hoskyn and Lieut. C.F. Oldham, to the Sylvia

Fr 16 March 1877; Our Hongkong Correspondent writes under date February 1:- "Her Majesty's ships of war in harbour are the Audacious (flagship), Egeria, Fly, Lily, Midge, Sheldrake, Swinger, Sylvia, and Vigilant. The Swinger was docked at Kourloom on the 27th of January and returned to her moorings on the 31st of January, and has commenced dismantling preparatory to paying off and recommissioning. The Thistle arrived at Shanghai on the 22d of January, and left on the 26th of January for Nagasaki. Captain R.W. Bax arrived here by P. and O. mail steamer Zambesi on the 31st of January to supersede Capt. H C. St. John in the command of the Sylvia, whose term of service has expired…"

Ma 23 July 1877; DEATHS.

On the 15th inst, at Nagasaki, Japan, of dysentery, Bonham Ward Bax, Captain R.N., H.M.S. Sylvia. (By telegram.)

Th 18 November 1880; The Sylvia, 4, screw surveying vessel, 877 (695) tons, 689 (150) horse power, Commander Pelham Aldrich, was paid out of commission yesterday morning in the steam basin at Sheerness Dockyard. She was re-commissioned at Hongkong on May 9, 1877, and arrived in Sheerness Harbour about a fortnight since. The Sylvia will be taken to Chatham and placed in the fourth division of the Medway Steam Reserve.

CITED

(1) The Royal Navy, China Station: 1864 - 1941 

--At Singapore on 30 June 1868 the ship chandler and agency house of W Mansfield & Co., at the time he an unenviable financial position, handled their first vessel of The Ocean Steam Ship Company of Liverpool. She was their Achilles, 2,280 grt, Captain T Russell (34). As with Swims in China and Japan so with Mansfields in the Straits, all were to grow together to attain prominence in their mutually important relationship with Alfred Holt's Ocean Steam Ship, the Blue Funnel Line. 

In August 1868 a civil engineer from Scotland, Richard Henry Brunton (1841-1901), arrived at Yokohama. In accordance with treaty obligations his services had been engaged by the Japanese government to survey possible sites and then to construct a number of lighthouses around their dangerous coast as very necessary aids to safe navigation. A number of these fine structures survive today (35). Even before Brunton had arrived in Japan, the C. in CI predecessor, Sir George King, had provided suitable vessels, for a survey of the coast to decide on sites for the lighthouses which were to be given top priority: Likewise it was Sir Harry Parkes who was to ensure that the, shogunate implement the terms of the treaties (36)? 

--Similarly the actual coastlines of Japan were to be surveyed. among other vessels also the small converted gunvessel Sylvia, 865 tons, was to be employed in Eastern waters. These waters included the coast of China and in her case Sylvia was to be so occupied for the greater part of the several years between 1867 and 1880. In November 1868 at Anping in Formosa an incident had taken place with the British Consul, John Gibson, consequently requesting the assistance of a gunboat in order that action could be taken as, 'redress for outrages which had been denied to more peaceable efforts! In a brilliantly handled affair, at night and with odds of twenty to one against, Lieut. and Commander Thornhaugh Philip Gordon of Akerine captured Fort Zeel.dia, then in the process of being actively re-fortified by the Chinese. In consequence of this successful feat of arms the local Taiwan officials complied with Mr. Gibson's demands. Further, shortly thereafter the Chinese administration removed the responsible Taotai from his post and subsequently they were to adhere to Treaty obligations. In his letter of 6 January 1869 the C. in C. outlined the episode in a report to the Admiralty, describing Lieut. Gurdon's role as being carried out with great 'zeal and gallantry' (37). On 1 June 1869 Gordon was promoted Commander. He was to retire late in 1873. Gibson, a Barrister-at-Law and M.A., Edinburgh, had joined the China service in Hong Kong in June 1857. In 1858 he had been appointed Acting Private Secretary to Lord Elgin, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary during his successful negotiations held that June in Tientsin. Other important appointments had followed but, alas, he was to die of consumption in Amoy on 28 July 1869 (38). In 1869 the British prime minter was the liberal, William E. Gladstone. Being far removed from the scene of the incident, and being, "utterly ignorant of the manners and customs of the Chinese", the government at home had not appreciated the circumstances surrounding the disagreements with Mr. Gibson and their initial reaction had not been to look with favour upon the successful operation in capturing Fort Zeel.dia (39): 

--The civil, Boshin, war in Japan referred to above finally was to take the form of the establishment of rebel forces, the ICerais, at Hakodate on Hokkaido, or Yezo. French sympathies were with the rebels who were assisted by six or seven French officers .der Jules Brunet. The rebel naval forces were .der the command of Enomoto Takeaki (40). From Hong Kong on 11 January 1869 the C. in C. informed London of this sudden development, the departure of this Tokugawa break-away group, the Kerais, for Halcodate (41). However just over six months later, writing in Rodney at Yokohama on 24 June 1869, he was able to inform the Admiralty:-'Para. 2. I have the honor to report for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that the attack (by the Mikados forces) was made on the 44 of Jun, by five of the Mikado's vessels, but was conducted with so much caution on each side that there was little result' 'Para. 3. On the 94 instant the attack was repeated by land and sea, the troops covered by the ships. Captain Ross of the Pearl reports that they fought with great gallantry not withstanding a brave and vigorous resistance on the part of the Kerais, they were driven out of their entrenchments with considerable loss on each side, and several guns defending the passes were captured by the Mikado's forces. The Kerais still hold the forts, and their fleet appears to be anchored within a line of torpedoes (mines) which the Mikado's vessels are not disposed to pass: 'Para. 4. By the latest accounts, occasional firing is exchanged between the Mikado's ships and the forts and ships of the Kerais; the resistance of the latter continues with unabated vigor, which is not diminished by the dilatory action of the Mikado's forces. The immense preponderance of the latter can scarcely fail to give them the victory (42): 

The C. in C. quickly was to be proved entirely correct in expressing this opinion as at Hakodate during the afternoon of 23 June 1869 the Mikado's forces were victorious. Enomoto together with some 2,000 followers were captured and held as prisoners, Enomoto himself surrendering on 26 June. Subsequently from the Mikado himself Captain Ross of HMS Pearl was to receive the award of a sword as an expression of His Imperial Majesty's thanks, with some smaller presents being given to other members of the ship's company. 

--Piracy on the coast of China had always been, and was to continue to be a great problem. When British flag junks and shipping were attacked then naturally the C. in C. became involved. In 1868 Admiral Keppel had made certain proposals to the Admiralty, who, desiring to obtain wider approval, so informed the Foreign Office. Politely, on 3 August 1868, the Foreign Office replied, ... I am directed by His Lordship to acquaint you, in reply, for the information of The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that Lord Stanley fully concurs in Their Lordships proposal to approve Sir Henry Keppel's proceedings in this matter (43): 

To illustrate the significance of this difficulty, in mid 1869 Sir Henry arranged that one of his gunboats, in company with two similar Chinese warship, should engage in joint patrols:-'HM Gunboat Bouncer and the Chinese gunboat Chen To have been employed during the month of May cruising in company searching for piratical vessels which have committed depredations in the neighbourhood of Hong Kong (44): 

In just one week, 12 to 18 June 1869 inclusive, Bouncer captured sixteen junks, each ranging in sire from fifteen to 100 tons, the sixteen carrying a total of seventy six guns and crewed by 424 men, took three prisoners, and released fifty four. The junks themselves were disposed of as follows:-'Seven were handed over to the Chinese squadron. Four were destroyed as being unseaworthy. Five were returned to owners: 

Between them the Chinese gunboats apprehended a total of just seven junks during the week (45). The services of these Chinese gunboats, to a great extent their navy being ineffective, were supplemented by revenue cutters. These cutters were operated by the ubiquitous, and efficient, Chinese Maritime Customs. From 1863 to 1908 the Inspector-General of Customs was the Northern Irishman, Sir Robert Hart. From Peking on 29 August 1868 Sir Robert wrote to the British Minister at Peking, Sir Rutherford Akock, to report the ordering in Britain of three armed Customs steamers, primarily for the Customs operated lighthouse service but also:-'a) to perform the military duties of Customs cruisers for the protection of the revenue. b) to assist in the suppression of piracy in Chinese waters (46): 

As will be seen throughout this volume these attempts at suppression never were to succeed entirely. Gradually the pirates became bolder and more experienced, in due course tackling European merchant ships including those carrying parties of armed guards. 

In the interim at 5.35 p.m. on 8 April 1869 the screw steam gunboat Opossum, 284 tons, Lieutenant and Commander John E. Stokes, arrived at Ichang at the foot of the Yangtse Gorges. It was known beforehand that the River was navigable as for as Ichang however,'... Opossum was the first (steam powered) vessel that had attempted it (47): 

As has been indicated above, in November 1866 Sir Harry Parkes had reminded the Japanese government of their agreement to a treaty clause whereby Japan should 'provide the treaty ports with such lights as may be necessary to render secure the navigation of the approaches to said ports'. During the months of domestic unrest additional time had been required, but progress had been made. Shortly after the arrival of Richard H. Brunton in August 1868 Admiral Keppel had made available HMS Manilla, a merchantman taken up for Admiralty service, and in her Brunton made his first voyage of inspection (48). The following year the first Japanese lighthouse tender was acquired, a barque rigged screw steamer, Sunrise, 374 tons, re-named Tornio Meru (49). By August 1875 very useful progress was to have been made in establishing an appropriate network of such lighthouses, from Yeso in the north through to Kyushu. Richard Brunton, who had praise for men such as Inoue Kaoru and Ito Hirobumi with whom he had worked at certain times, also had advised the authorities on the construction of telegraph systems and railways, and in 1870 had supervised the construction in Yokohama of the second iron bridge to be built in Japan (50). 

Writing in Rodney from Yokohama on 12 June 1869 the C. in C. felt able to comment in his letter to the Admiralty:-As far as British Interests are concerned in China and Japan affairs during the last two years have not been an tranquil as at present (51): 

As another indication of maritime trading enterprise, during the summer season of 1869, thus when water levels in the Yangtse were high, six steamers loaded tea at Hankow, 636 nautical miles upstream from the open sea, direct for the English market. Four of these were owned by Alfred Holt's Blue Funnel Line and one, Agamemnon, still commanded by Isaac Middleton, loaded a record breaking 2,516,000 lbs., or 1,12321 long tons. Her delighted owner later was to write that she brought back the largest cargo ever embarked in one ship and ranted the largest freight that he, Mr. Holt, had ever heard of, GBP 28,087. In addition Agamemnon made an excellent passage by leaving Hankow on 9 June and passing Gravesend in the River Thames two and a half months later, on 25 August 1869 (52). 

Admiral: 3 July 1869. 8 July 1869. In Japan the establishment of the Military Ministry, Hyobusho, to administer the affairs of both the Army and the Navy. Necessarily the army was to receive the greater priority as, to give just one reason, the domestic situation was not to settle down for a number of years. The authorities correctly recognised that once the internal administration of the country was running peacefully then the status of The Emperor's armed forces could be reconsidered. At this stage in the early development of their armed forces it has been written, As an auxiliary force was how many in Japan's new government now the nary (53): 

Under sail Rodney left Yokohama on 25 July 1869 bound for England via the Cape. 'The same day I shifted my flag to Ocean (54): He was present both in Yedo Bay, and ashore, on the occasion of the first visit paid by a member of the British Royal Family to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Japan:-'On the 4 September (1869) His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh had an audience of the Mikado. His Royal Highness was accompanied to the castle by Admiral the Honourable Sir Harry Keppel (55): 

At the conclusion of his very successful visit, on 16 September 1869 HRH sailed for Osaka, thence Nagasaki. With the wooden hulled ironclad steam frigate Ocean, 6,535 tons, screw iron troop ship Adventure, 1,794 tons, and paddle desparch vessel Salamis, 985 tons, in company, Sir Harry Keppel accompanied the steam frigate Galatea, 4,686 tons, 1-1RF13 command, on her departure from Yedo Bay. Shortly thereafter the C. in C. returned to Hong Kong. As has been seen some of Thomas Glover's interests and connections were mentioned in 1866 during the time that Admiral King had served as C. in C. Now on 27 September 1869 Admiral Keppel wrote to the Admiralty on the subject of, 'Purchase of Coal for use of the Navy at Nagasaki'. Ibis supply of coal was offered by Mr. Henry Gribble of Glover & Co. (56). In due course the export of coal from mines such as Takashima and Miike in Kyushu were to be an important source of foreign earnings used to finance the emerging economy of Meiji Japan. 

On 24 October 1869 Sir Harry handed over the Station to his successor, Admiral Kellett. The ceremony surrounding his departure from Hong Kong on Tuesday, 2 November was without precedent. Amongst other ships in port, but flying the Royal Standard, was the frigate Galatea, 26, Captain His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh. HRH and officers of Galatea manned the barge, with HRH at stroke and Commodore Challier at the helm, which conveyed the Admiral out from the Government wharf and his guard of honour, to the P. & O. s.s. Salsette, 1,491 grt, in which ship he was to take passage home. Appropriate salutes were fired. Waiting onboard Salsette at her moorings in Victoria harbour were H.E. the Governor, Sir Richard MacDonnell, and Sir Henry Kellett. Just prior to Salsette sailing HRH, 'presented me with a gold watch as a souvenir'. The event that morning was recorded in the log book of the sloop Rinaldo:- '8.0 a.m. Dressed ship. HMS Galatea hoisted Royal Standard: saluted with 21 guns. Adm. Hon. H. Keppel, KCB left Govt. wharf for Mail ship under a salute of 17 guns from the Fort. 

From his service record up to 31 December 1869 it is recorded that he had spent seventeen years and 219 days on half pay (57). A GSP at the higher rate was awarded to him on 9 April 1870. On 22 lune 1870 at Oxford University, the Chancellor at the time being Lord Salisbury, he received an honorary degree, DCL. GCB: 20 May 1871. C. hi C., Plymouth: 1 November 1872 to 1 November 1875. Flag in the old three decker Royal Melanie, launched in 1828 and completed in 1835. Here at Devonport once again he was to be served by an old friend and now Flag Captain, Algernon C.F. Heneage (58). 

Frederick William SUTTON, 1832-1883: フレデリック･ウィリアム・サットンPhotograher of the Last Shogun

+英国海軍技師で、東アジアの水域測量に参加した。

SOURCE

(1) SEBASTIAN DOBSON,  Japan and the Britain, 2003.

RECENT RESEARCH into the history of photography in Japan has done much to uncover early Western travel photographers who recorded the country in the decade before the Meiji Restoration, and their work, so long overshadowed by professional photographers such as Felice Beato, can now be appreciated as a valuable and often unique contribution to the visual record of Japan in the final years of the shogunate. Chief Engineer Frederick William Sutton of the Royal Navy produced some important early photographs of Japanese personalities. His output during the period 1867-68 was long assumed to consist only of a pair of portraits of the last of the Tokugawa shoguns, Yoshinobu, and the lack of any other attributable work consigned him to the footnotes of photographic literature as something of a `one-off'. Thanks to recent discoveries in private and institutional collections, a significant number of his early works have been traced and his contribution, both as an individual and as part of a wider circle of amateur photographers in the Royal Navy, can be appreciated.

EARLY CAREER

Frederick William Sutton was born on 29 August 1832, the son of a civil engineer living in Woolwich. The family apparently had no tradition of naval service, but the Royal Navy made the move from sail to steam, and a new engineering branch was added to the service in 1837. This enabled Frederick to pursue his father's profession at sea. When he joined the Royal Navy as a Third Class Assistant Engineer at the relatively advanced age of 21, Sutton entered a service still accustoming itself to the presence of relative newcomers who brought with them not only specialized technical knowledge but also the whiff of lower social rank. Some progress had been made by the Engineering Branch since its establishment in 1837, when the first engineering officers were officially ranked below carpenters, so that by the time Sutton joined their ranks in 1854, their names had just appeared alongside regular executive officers in the Navy List, and their much despised quasi-civilian uniforms had been replaced by the midnight blue of the rest of the service. Nevertheless, as an engineer, Sutton joined the navy as something of an outsider, for whereas most of his contemporaries in the Executive Branch had joined as naval cadets in their mid-teens and received their education in the service, his training had taken place in a civilian milieu (specialized training for the Engineering Branch was only made available in 1864, and a dedicated Engineering College was not established until 1880). Socially as well, Sutton was not on equal terms with the sons of gentlemen who traditionally officered the Navy, and who generally regarded engineers as 'rude mechanicals' hired simply to tend the machinery below decks. While some engineers responded by pressing for executive rank — which finally came in 1902 — most simply got on with the job and affected a snobbery of their own, 'crude in language, demons for work and not ashamed of being seen in overalls with a sweat rag round their necks, they showed little low for the young gentlemen in the gunroom') Sutton had entered the Navy in 1854 exactly four weeks after Britain had formally declared war on Russia, and his experience of the Crimean War was in many ways symbolic of the engineer's backstage role in the Victorian Navy. Initially assigned to the troopship HMS St. Vincent, Sutton observed the preparations for an Anglo-French naval assault on Russia's Baltic territories, before being transferred to another troopship, HMS Simoom, en mute for the Black Sea. From Constantinople and nearby Scutari, Sutton's ship ferried troops and supplies to the Crimea, and in May 1855, in support of the allied siege of Sebastopol, she served on the other side of the Crimean peninsular in an early commando-style raid by an Anglo-French naval squadron on Russian settlements along the coast of the Sea of Azov. When campaign medals and clasps were distributed afterwards by the British Admiralty, Sutton and most of his shipmates received no tangible acknowledgement of their war service except the Crimean campaign medal issued by the Ottoman Empire to its allies.2 For Sutton the only discernable effect of participating in this campaign was to engender an inexplicable but almost pathological loathing of his Russian former adversaries, the strength of which, even twenty years later, would shock at least one of his contemporaries.3 With the return to peace-time duties in 1856, Sutton's naval career proceeded steadily, if unspectacularly. The next nine years were spent mostly in home waters on stations such as Devonport, the Humber and Sheerness with several stints of unexciting coastguard and guard duty. His assignment to HMS Exmouth in 1858 as an Assistant Engineer placed him under the command of Chief Engineer Robert William Drummond. Sutton developed a close friendship with his chief, as a result of which he met, and subsequently married Drummond's daughter, Georgina Margaret. In 1861, he was promoted to the rank of Engineer, and then, just over three years later, to Chief Engineer.

SURVEYING IN JAPAN In April 1865, Sutton joined HMS Serpent as Chief Engineer, and an exciting new chapter began in his career. The Serpent had just been commissioned to join the China Station, not only as part of Britain's naval presence in the Far East, but also, as the instructions issued by the Admiralty to her captain, Commander Charles J. Bullock, read, `... you are on all occasions to avail yourself of the means placed at your disposal for increasing our knowledge of the seas and shores where you may be employed'.The means by which this survey was to be undertaken were somewhat improvised. The Serpent was a regular steam-powered warship which had been converted for surveying duties by the simple addition of surveying equipment, while her offi-cers were selected not so much from candidates who had any previous experience of surveying, but rather, according to Admiralty instructions, `... from amongst those who have previously evinced some aptitude for such pursuits or who have professed their readiness and desire to acquire a proficiency in them', and Commander Bullock was commissioned to provide the necessary instruction during the four-year long voyage.4

T

TAIHEI-Maru太平丸

・Lyemoonを見よ。

TAKEDA Masaji, 1825-1888. 武田昌次、塚原昌義。幕臣、明治政府官僚。

＋1873年2月、富田淳久と武田昌次はロンドン経常博覧会の調査のためにイギリスに派遣されており、マクヴェインは、同年7月、彼らとケンジントン博物館で会い、同年9月にはエジンバラの博物館を案内した。

SOUCE

(1) Tomita's Letter to McVean dated Nov.18, 1873.

                                                                                                                                             169 Finboro’ Road, West Brompton, London

                                                                                                                                             18th November 1873

Dear Sir, C.A. McVean Esq.

   I am very much obliged by your favour kindly instructing me to write the matter about which I desire to see you, and asking when Mr Sano will be here? I am expecting Mr Sano coming from Vienna every day, but there is report that he will come out to London in March of next year.

   I have just finished my work, and Mr Takeda went out to Vienna two days ago. As reported to you, I made an application to Mr Sano about two moths ago, regarding my intention to stay in this country, but I have never heard from Mr Sano, and therefore if the rumours be true, I must go out to see Mr Sano in Vienna to settle my own affair ; however I believe I will be informed decidedly – whether Mr Sano is coming toward here in this year, or I must go to Vienna as soon as Mr Takeda arrives in Vienna –

   I have entirely failed on entering into Whitworth’s factory in Manchester, being objected under some circumstance.

As soon as I get an approval of Mr Sano on my application to stay here, I must ask you, kindly to take an interest on my desire to learn engineering and to spare me your influence amongst mechanical engineering factories in Scotland –

             I was to write this some days ago, but I was very busy to finish every thing in the Exhibition, and I had no time to do so - 

             There fore please excuse this delay -  Yrs most sincerely

A. H. Tomita

(2) John Francis Campbell, My Circular Notes, 1876.

TANAKA Yoshio, 1838-1916. 田中芳男、明治政府官僚、博物学者

＋1873年7月のマクヴェイン日記にTanakaの名前が見え、同時期にパリにいた河野通信とともにイギリスに渡り、イギリスで博物館を調査したらしい。一時帰国していたマクヴェインは、冨田淳久、武田昌次、河野通信、そしてこの田中芳男らをエジンバラ駅で出迎え、博物館などの視察調査に便宜を提供した。この日本人一行には女性も数人おり、彼女らは別行動をとった。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary

TATE Kiyohiko, 1849-1927. Surveyor. 館潔彦、測量師。

＋1872年10月頃に工部省測量司に技官として加わり、上司には鈴木重葉や赤川克一がいた。マクヴェインの指揮の下で働いたが、彼らの技術的素養は不明。マクヴェインは、1年制測量学校を修了し、その後数年間の実務訓練を経て、一人前の測量師を育成しようとしていたので、鈴木や舘らにはあまり期待していなかった。測量司から地理寮量地課の時代の記憶を残したが、工部省測量司時代の記憶はいただけない。「トランジットは3台だけしかなく、それはイギリス人専用だったので我々は触ることができなかった。しかたなく、横浜に3台仕入れにいった」というのは虚言。実直な人物だったと思われるが、最後まで生き残って過去の逸話を語るときに、自分の偉業を盛って語ることがあるんですね。

SOURCE

(1) 

(2) 館潔彦、三十三年乃夢日本近代測量野史論、地図9-1、1971年、35-39頁。「人夫を使役し及び昼餐等の事を弁理せしむ」 

Richard Edward TRACEY, 1837-1907. イギリス海軍士官、幕府海軍教育顧問団の団長、王立海軍学校校長。

＋クリミア戦争に従軍し、その後、イギリス海軍による薩摩と下関の攻撃に参加。1867年、パークス駐日公使の要請で幕府海軍の海軍操練所の教育顧問団の団長となる。3ヶ月ほどで幕府は瓦解し、その後はイギリス海軍中国ステーションに勤務し、軍艦アイロン・デューク号などの艦長を務める。1894年からは、グリニッジの海軍学校の校長となる。

+

SOURCE

(1) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

(2) 

REMARKS

(1) 小野正作自伝、鈴木淳編『ある技術者の回想』日本経済評論社、2005年。

p.65.海軍伝習所ヘ入ル

 根岸へ移ってから間もなく予は英語の稽古に下谷練塀小路に居られた古屋作左衛門氏の語学塾へ通ひ従来の宮崎塾へも通つて居たか古屋塾へ凢半年計りも通って居た時先生の話には今度築地の亢芸州候の中屋敷跡ヘ幕府て海軍伝習所を設ける事になり英国から教師を招用して伝習を受ける事になったか夫れて近日生徒を募集するか一つ応募してはどおかと言われたのて父君と相談の上願書を出して置たら

Thomas Henry TIZARD, 1839-1924. Royal Navy. トーマス･ヘンリー･ティザード，イギリス海軍士官。

＋チャールズ・ワイヴィル・トムソン隊長、フランク･トムソン艦長の海洋探検隊チャレンジャー号に副艦長として乗り込み、測量と気象観測を担当した。彼の息子が初代インペリ･カレッジの学長となった。

Staff-Commander Thomas H. Tizard, H.M.S. Challenger, “Contribution to the Meteorology of Japan,” the Authority of the Meteorological Committee, 1876。

TOMITA Atsuhisa富田淳久（西山淳久）, 1842- 1903.工部省から博覧会事務局に派遣された文官。

+佐賀藩士の家に生まれ、フルベッキのもとで英語を学習し、明治維新後、佐野常民の誘いで工部省に出仕。佐野がウィーン万国博覧会事務掛に就任すると、部下として1873年にイギリスに派遣され、ロンドン経常博覧会などを通して科学技術を調査した。マクヴェインが1873年5月一時帰英した折、この富田や武田昌次ら（田中芳男）に視察先や研修先を紹介した。同年6月、富田と河野通信はエジンバラにやってきて、マクヴェインがよく知る工場や博物館を案内した。富田はこのままイギリスに留まり、もっと深く科学技術を学びたいとマクヴェインに相談し、佐野を説得してくれるように頼んだ（revised in Nov.17, 2021）。

＋ウィーン博覧会報告書の中に富田淳久（西山）とあり、旧姓が西山であり、幼少期に富田家に養子に入ったことがわかる。西山家と富田家の関係は不明。また、1877-78年頃に西山に戻したのかも不明。

＋1878年に内務省地理局測量課が廃止されると、その後は外国語能力を生かして大蔵省に移り税務局の税関業務に当たった。それとともに西山姓に戻し、その後、1872年から77年までの渡英経験や測量司勤務のことは経歴に述べることはなく、それらを伏せておきたい理由があったのであろう。もっと西洋科学技術を学び、日本に根付かせたいと思っていながら、果たせなかったという挫折感があったのではないか（revised in June 3, 2022）。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary

(2) Tomita's Letter to McVean dated Nov. 18, 1873.

                                                                                                                                             169 Finboro’ Road, West Brompton, London

                                                                                                                                             18th November 1873

Dear Sir, C.A. McVean Esq.

   I am very much obliged by your favour kindly instructing me to write the matter about which I desire to see you, and asking when Mr Sano will be here? I am expecting Mr Sano coming from Vienna every day, but there is report that he will come out to London in March of next year.

   I have just finished my work, and Mr Takeda went out to Vienna two days ago. As reported to you, I made an application to Mr Sano about two moths ago, regarding my intention to stay in this country, but I have never heard from Mr Sano, and therefore if the rumours be true, I must go out to see Mr Sano in Vienna to settle my own affair ; however I believe I will be informed decidedly – whether Mr Sano is coming toward here in this year, or I must go to Vienna as soon as Mr Takeda arrives in Vienna –

   I have entirely failed on entering into Whitworth’s factory in Manchester, being objected under some circumstance.

As soon as I get an approval of Mr Sano on my application to stay here, I must ask you, kindly to take an interest on my desire to learn engineering and to spare me your influence amongst mechanical engineering factories in Scotland –

             I was to write this some days ago, but I was very busy to finish every thing in the Exhibition, and I had no time to do so - 

             There fore please excuse this delay -  Yrs most sincerely

A. H. Tomita

(3) 人事興信録

西山淳久、明治36年4月

位階：正六位、勲四等

身分：東京府平民

職業：横浜税関鑑定課長兼検査課長

生年月日：嘉永元年8月24日（1848）

親名：西山雄右衛門の長男

家族：妻　とら　安政二年一月生靜岡縣士族盧百壽姉

　　　養子　大介　明治三十一年四月生長崎縣士族呉彰雄從弟

記述：君は故西山雄右衞門の長男にして嘉永元年八月二十四日を以て生る曩きに大藏省に出仕し敏腕の聞あり累進して税關鑑定官に至り現に橫濱税關鑑定課長及同檢査課長たり

住所：橫濱市西戸部町税關官舍

ACHIEVEMENTS

(1) 「澳国博覧会報告書」「」英国経常博覧会報告書」において多数の項目を執筆した。

(2) 用語「鉱物」

・林政彦「鉱物の世界（2021年）」：ウィーン万国博覧会に派遣された富田淳久が，1875年に著した「澳国博覧会報告書」に，鉱(鑛)物が使われていることが分かりました。

Frederick William Leopold THOMAS, 1812-1885, R.N. フレデリック・ウィリアム・レオポルド・トーマス

※英国海軍技師で、1840年代から英国沿岸の測量を実施した。ブロガー巨石円環遺跡を初めて測量したことでも有名。1860年代前半、オットーとこのトーマスのもとで、マクヴェインはヘブリディーズ地方の測量を行った。測量の師匠の一人。

Captain Frederick William Leopold Thomas, c.1812–1885, RN, FSA (Scot) was a naval officer, photographer, and historian. Thomas was a captain in the Royal Navy, a hydrographer working for the Admiralty (a successor to his father George Thomas), charting the waters around the Northern and Western isles of Scotland. He sailed with Captain Otter, on HMS Porcupine, on the voyage to St Kilda. There Thomas took the earliest photographs ever taken of St Kilda. Thomas was a member of the Photographic Society of Scotland and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Commencing in 1851 he authored several papers discussing the history of the Northern and Western Isles. He died in Edinburgh in 1885. In 2004, a television documentary employing Thomas's 1860 photography was broadcast on Grampian Television.

WORKS

(1) Thomas, F.W.L. (1851) Account of some of the Celtic Antiquities of Orkney, including the Stones of Stenness, Tumuli, Picts-houses, &c., with Plans, by FWL Thomas, RN, Corr. Mem. SA Scot., Lieutenant Commanding HM Surveying Vessel Woodlark. Archaeologia, 34(1), pp.88-136.

SOURCE 

(1) The first formal survey of the Ring of Brodgar and surrounding antiquities was performed in 1849 by Royal Navy Captain F.W.L. Thomas of HM cutter Woodlark.[12] Captain Thomas was in the area drawing up Admiralty Charts in 1848–49, and he and his crew performed archaeological surveys as well resulting in the publication in 1852 of The Celtic Antiquities of Orkney.[13]

Thomas, F. W. L. (1852) "Account of some of the Celtic antiquities of Orkney, including the Stones of Stenness, Tumuli, Picts-houses, etc. with plans"Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback MachineArchaeologia 34. pp. 88–136. Retrieved 31 August 2008.

Y

YAMAO Yozo山尾庸三, 1837-1917. 初代工部少輔として、工学寮と測量司を統括する。

+詳細については、左上のサイドバーを開き、 <Japan Science & Engineering><Yamao Yozo>をご覧下さい。

For details, open side-bar above and see <Japan Science & Engineering><Yamao Yozo>.

-

SOURCE

(1) McVean Diary

Wednesday Mar 24, 1875

Lovely bright day.

Baby Mary & I out driving. Called on Mrs Ito but she was not at Home. then on to Choägi where we found Mrs R. & Mrs Anderson both at Home. After that we went to call on Mrs Yamao, they are now living in a Japanese House with such a lovely view from it of the Bay &c They look much more comfortable in a Japanese house than a European it is a pretty little place. We did not see Mr Yamao only Mrs Y. & the two children.  

(2) 平成新修旧華族家系大成』上巻

-マクヴェイン日記に登場する山尾夫妻の長女寿栄子は，木戸孝允の妹と来原良蔵の間に生まれた木戸孝正と結婚した。この夫妻の間生まれた長男幸一は木戸家を継ぎ、次男小六は孝允の生家である和田家を継いだ。娘は児玉常雄と結婚した。和田小六こそ、山尾庸三の意をくんで良き工学者となった。

YANAGIDA Kunio, 1875-1950. 柳田国男

・マクヴェインとの接点はないが、ジョン・フランシス・キャンベルとは間接的な関係があったのではないかと思われる。キャンベルはスコットランドのハイランドに注目し、民間伝承の解読により古層文化を洗い出そうとし、柳田は遠野に注目した。彼は民俗学研究に端緒を開きながらその分野の研究職に就かなかったので、その後に登場したエドワード・バーネット・タイラーやジェームス・フレーザーらが民俗学・人類学の確立者となった。柳田は、イギリス留学の時に、キャンベルの『ニシハイランドの民間伝承Folklore of the West Highlands』を読まなかったのであろうか。

YOKOSUKA ARSENAL.横須賀造船所/横須賀海軍

*幕府がフランスの技術支援により開設した製鉄及び造船施設。

+

SOURCES

(1) Japan Weekly Mail, October 8, 1870. YOKOSKA ARSENAL.

--WE recently gave our readers a very exhaustive account of the Lighthouses which have been erected by the Japanese Government, agreeably to the obligations in this respect which they assumed under the Convention of I860. We now propose to place before them an equally ample account of the Arsenal of Yokoska, the greatest public work yet undertaken at foreign instigation in Japan, if we except the railway now in progress.

--The acquisition, by the Japanese Government and the native Princes, of a considerable number of steamers, very soon after the opening of the Empire to foreign trade,

involved the establishment of a dockyard where ships could be sent for repair in case of need, and as the ambition of the State, stimulated by the sight of the vessels of the European navies, took the form of a desire to possess a Navy of its own, an Arsenal for the purpose of building, equipping and repairing vessels of War, was deemed necessary ; and with these views the arsenal of Yokoska was founded.

--The harbour of Yokoska, or more correctly, Yokosuka, is situated in the Bay of Yedo, about eleven miles from the Custom House of Yokohama, from which it bears in a

South Westerly direction, and is not far from Kansonsaki lighthouse. Early in the year 1865, the surveyors appointed by the Japanese Government to select some suitable spot for the purpose, recognized the superior merit of Yokoska over that of all its rivals, and with the advise and under the direction of M. Leon Roches,

--Minister of France to Japan, it was chosen for the seat of the future arsenal, which was to be constructed on a sufficiently important scale to respond to the present and

even to the prospective wants of the Empire. It was also proposed at the same time, to establish schools, in which French instructors should impart to the cadets of good Japanese families, the European languages, and the sciences of ship-building, engineering, gunnery, seaman ship and naval maneuvering.

--No spot could have been better chosen for these purposes. The harbour is well sheltered, and possesses a broad and deep entrance, easily made, and easy for entrance or exit. It is approximately about three quarters of an English mile long, and about one third of a mile broad. The holding ground is excellent, and the water deep and calm in all weathers, except during gales from the North, which, however, have do power to ruffle it  further than a hundred yards within the entrance. An abundance of fresh water is found close to the shore.

--The depth of the harbour is such that the largest ship in the world could anchor in any part of it, the few isolated rocks which existed in it having now been removed. The

average rise of the tide is about six feet. Ships drawing twenty-eight feet of water can find secure anchorage close to the shore.

--The harbour contains three inlets. One is situated at its head, and is almost, if not entirely faced with masonry. It has a depth of twenty-four feet near the shore, and eighteen feet at the face of the sea wall. The rocks which existed in it have been removed by blasting. The second inlet is near to the Foundry, is two hundred yards in length, and has a depth of five fathoms. The third is close to the entrance of the harbour, and has an average depth of about twenty feet, at a distance of eight or ten yards from the shore. The water of the harbour contains worms, but not more than the average found in Japanese waters. Tho main trouble arises from seaweed and algte of many various kinds.

--The chief direction of the Arsenal was given to Monsieur Louis Verny, who had served with distinction as an engineer and naval architect of the French Imperial navy, and whose scientific and practical know ledge, high personal character and administrative capacity, well qualified him for the post. The second director is Monsieur Thibaudikh, formerly of the same service, and also a man of unquestioned ability. The medical charge of the establishment is in the hands of Dr. Sabatier, and there is a French priest attached to it who contributes to the moral and religious welfare of the French workmen, of whom there now are upwards of thirty. They were selected from similar establishments in France for their intelligence and steady character, and serve in the capacity of firemen, working engineers, machinists, tool makers, carpenters, boat builders, sailmakers & o. Their number, which was at one time larger, appears somewhat short for an arsenal of such magnitude.

--The plan of the works was drawn up by M. Veeny, but owing to insufficient funds, his original designs have not been fully carried out. The works have been some what starved on this account, and their progress retarded, stocks of all kinds have been minimized, and the whole original design stunted and reduced. At the end of the harbour furthest from the sea, the ground is being solidly filled in with ddbris of volcanic mud rock, with the object of making a straight quay of about one hundred and twenty yards frontage, each end being finished off with small abutments at right angles. It is intended to face the quay with masonry, and to fit it with appropriate machinery. Surveying the works from the quay, which is now nearly, or entirely finished, and looking seaward towards the mouth of the harbour, the spectator would faco East by North, and the following objects in the arsenal would present themselves :—

1st.—A patent slip.

2nd.—Three small building slips

V

Peter Vrooman VEEDER, 1835−1896. ピーター･ブローマン・ビーダー、開成学校物理学教授

+カリフォルニアのユニバーシティ･カレッジの学長代理を務め、フルベッキの誘いで1871年に開成学校で物理学を教えるために来日した。Rev.という敬称が付くので、神学者でありながら、どのように物理学を学習したのか不明。

--大和屋敷のマクヴェイン邸を頻繁に訪れ、マクヴェイン夫妻ととても親しくしていた。マクヴェインの帰国に際して親切な手紙を送っている。WORKS (1) に示したように、日本の気候に大きな関心をもっていたことがわかり、気象観測に関してマクヴェインと関心を共有していた。

SOURCE

(1) McVean Archives

Mr C.A. MacVean C.E. F.R.G.S.

Care of Mr H.B. Joyner C.E.

No 2 Yamato Yashiki, Tokio

Tokio Japan April 6th 1876

Mr C.A. MacVean C.E.

My Dear Sir

I greatly regret that the state of my health this week and especially yesterday & today. (having been confined to my couch all day today) I have been unable either to write all the letters of introduction I intended to hand to you or to go down to Yamato Yashiki to bid you & Mrs MacVean good bye. I have this evening written two letters, one to my brother in law in Napa (3½ hours by steamer & R.R. north of S.F. on the way to the [Geysers]) the birth place of my two daughters – and their present home at school. and the other to Mr [James] B. Roberts one of my best friends in S.F. I have a brother in Pittsburgh with whom my mother is living, Mr N. Veeder No 37 Fifth Avenue, and a friend in New York Mr Howard Potter of the banking firm of Brown Brothers & Co Wall St. to

I would like to give you letters, but I am hardly able to write them, should you be able to call on them, they would do anything in their power to further the objects of your visit in America.

Mrs Veeder will drop a note to Mrs MacVean and joins me in regards that you must leave us – and in the hope and prayer that you may enjoy a safe & pleasant journey - May God ever bless & be with you

Yours sincerely

P.V. Veeder

WORKS

(1) Some Meteorological Observations in Japan, by the Revd. Dr. Veeder

W.

Thomas James WATERS. Irish engineer. トーマス・ジェームス・ウォータース。アイルランド系イギリス人技師。

＋日本近代建築史ではウォートルスと呼ばれているウォータースについては、1876年にヘンリー・ダイアーが執筆した工部大学校校舎建設において的確に評価している。建築的力量（おそらく配置計画と細部デザイン）が不足しており、明治政府公共建築に汚点を残したというもの。

＋山尾庸三の指示でマクヴェインが指揮した1872年4月の銀座日本橋焼失地区再開発計画において、途中から登場してきた。6月から8月にかけて、マクヴェインとジョイナーの家族を数回にわたり精養軒に招待したのは、彼らから再開発計画案をいただいたお礼と考えられる。

SOURCE

(1) 

BIOGRAPHY

(1) Meg Vivers, A Irish Engineer, 2013.

Robert Grant WATSON. ロバート・グラント・ワトソン、c.1834 – 1892.東インド会社軍人、外交官

+スコットランドのフォレスに生まれ、東インド会社軍隊に入隊し、ボンベイ駐留軍に勤務した。語学の才能が認められ、1864年にペルシャのイギリス公使館にアタッシュエとして派遣された。クリミア戦争以後の中東・ロシア・北印の情報収集に当たり、1866年に『19世紀ペルシャの歴史』を著した。その後の活動は不明であるが、1872年にパークスが岩倉使節団のイギリス滞在に合わせてイギリスに賜暇した際、代理公使として日本に派遣された。1年あまりの滞在期間中、明治政府の近代化事業を精力的に視察調査した。開拓使についてはジョン・ハーリントン･ガビンズが、工部省についてはコリン･アレクサンダー･マクヴェインが協力し、詳細な報告を本国に書き送っている。この報告書は、当時の各種雑誌に紹介され、日本が急速に近代化を図っているとの印象を広く世界に伝えることになった。1880年代にスウェーデンのイギリス公使館の書記を務めた。

SOURCE

(1) British Parliamentary Paper: Japan

(2) Writer of "A History of Persia (1866)".

Mr Robert Grant Watson, for some time attached to Her Majesty's Legation at Tehran, and now Secretary of Legation in Sweden,, himself once an Officer in Her Majesty's 105th Foot, published in 1866 a history of Persia, from the beginning of the 19th century to 1858,. which is very valuable as a work of reference. We may accept the following extract as applicable in 1879 .—" The military force of the " country consists, in theory, of 100,000 men, infantry, cavalry, and artillery ; the greater proportions of this number being regular " infantry. The cavalry is nearly all irregular, and is in general only " called on for local service under the chief of the particular district " where it is raised. The Shah's body-guard consists of two regiments 4( of regular cavalry, of about 800 men each, more or less. There " has been lately raised another small troop of body-guards known by " their accoutrements of silver. The irregular cavalry are variously " habited, according to the custom of the country whence they eiv, " drawn. One small company in Kurdistan is clad in mail and IC complete armour. There are about. 5,000 artillerymen in the Persian army, and this branch of the service is by no means badly organized. " It is their artillery that gives to the Persians the advantage in their " contests with the Tnrkman tribes." Mr. Watson's opinion of the material of the troops is most favour-able ; but he condemns the prevalent system under which they work. He thinks the men hardy, patient, enduring, frugal, and sufficiently brave. His testimony to their treatment is that of all who have spoken on the subject from personal knowledge. Pay is always kept in arrears, generally for two or three years , and when issued, it is reduced from its legitimate amount by the enactions of distributing officers, from the sarhang, or lieutenant-colonel, downwards. Tho native officers are, as a rule, incapable, and ignorant of military affairs; and the European drill-instructors, whatever their local rank, 

Robert Boog WATSON, 1823–1910. ロバート・ボーグ・ワトソン、スコットランドの生物学者、フリーチャーチ牧師

※マクヴェインの従兄にあたる。エジンバラ・アカデミーで生物学を学んだが、父親の後を継いで牧師となり、クリミア戦争時に従軍牧師を務める。マクヴェインの妻マリー・ウッドの姉ジャネット(Janet Cowan, 1831-1905)と結婚し、牧師業の傍ら生物学研究を続ける。チャールズ・ワイヴィル・トムソンは研究仲間であり、彼が1873年にチャレンジャー号海洋探検隊を組織すると、学術委員として参画した。マクヴェイン夫妻の長女ヘレン・ブロディは、エジンバラのワトソン家で結婚式を挙げた。マクヴェイン古文書には多くの手紙と写真が残されている。