Table of Contents
CHAPTER I - General Measurement Systems Guidelines
Section A - Introduction, Purpose, and Terminology
Quality of Measurement Data
Purpose
Terminology
Summary of Terms
True Value
Section B - The Measurement Process
Measurement Process
Statistical Properties of Measurement Systems
Sources of Variation
The Effects of Measurement System Variability
Effect on Decisions
Effect on Product Decisions
Effect on Process Decisons
New Process Acceptance
Process Setup / Control (Funnel Experiment)
Section C - Measurement Strategy and Planning
Complexity
Identify the Purpose of the Measurement Process
Measurement Life Cycle
Criteria for a Measurement Process Design Selection
Research Various Measurement Process Methods
Develop and Design Concepts and Proposals
Section D - Measurement Source Development
Measurement Source Development
Datum Coordination
Prerequisites and Assumptions
Gage Source Selection Process
Detailed Engineering Concept
Preventive Maintenance Considerations
Specifications
Evaluate the Quotations
Documentation Deliverables
Qualification at the Supplier
Shipment
Qualification at the Customer
Documentation Delivery
Suggested Elements for a Measurement System Development Checklist
Section E - Measurement Issues
Types of Measurement System Variation
Definitions and Potential Sources of Variation
Measurement Process Variation
Location Variation
Width Variation
Measurement System Variation
Comments
Section F - Measurement Uncertainty
General
Measurement Uncertainty and MSA
Measurement Traceability
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
Section G - Measurement Problem Analysis
CHAPTER II - General Concepts for Assessing Measurement Systems
Section A - Background
Section B - Selecting / Developing Test Procedures
Section C - Preparation for a Measurement System Study
Section D - Analysis of the Results -- Acceptability Criteria
CHAPTER III - Recommended Practices for Simple Measurement Systems
Section A - Example Test Procedures
Section B - Variable Measurement System Study
Guidelines
Guidelines for Determining Stability
Guidelines for Determining Bias - Independent Sample Method
Guidelines for Determining Bias - Control Chart Method
Guidelines for Determining Linearity
Guidelines for Repeatability and Reproducibility
Range Method
Average and Range Method
Average Chart
Range Charts
Run Chart
Scatter Plot
Whiskers Chart
Error Charts
Normalized Histogram
X-Y Plot of Averages by Size
Comparison X-Y Plots
Numerical Calculations
Analysis of Results - Numerical
Analysis of Results - ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) Method
Randomization and Statistical Independence
Section C - Attribute Measurement System Study
Risk Analysis Methods
Analytic Method
CHAPTER IV - Practices for Complex Measurement Systems
Section A - Practices for Complex or Non-Replicable Measurement Systems
Section B - Stability Studies
S1: Single Part, Single Measurement per Cycle
S2: n >= 3 Parts, Single Measurement per Cycle per Part
S3: Large Sample from a Stable Process
S4: Split Specimens (General), Single Specimen per Cycle
S5: Test Stands
Section C - Variability Studies
V1: Standard GRR Studies
V2: Multiple Readings with p >= 2 Instruments
V3: Split Specimens (m = 2)
V4: Split Specimens (General)
V5: Same as V1 with Stabilized Parts
V6: Time Series Analysis
V7: Linear Analysis
V8: Time versus Characteristic (Property) Degradation
V9: V2 with Simultaneous Multiple Readings and p >= 3 Instruments
CHAPTER V - Other Measurement Concepts
Section A - Recognizing the Effect of Excessive Within-Part Variation
Section B - Average and Range Method -- Additional Treatment
Section C - Gage Performance Curve
Section D - Reducing Variation Through Multiple Readings
Section E - Pooled Standard Deviation Approach to GRR
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Analysis of Variance Concepts
Appendix B - Impact of GRR on the Capability Index Cp
Appendix C - d2 Table
Appendix D - Gage R Study
Appendix E - Alternate PV Calculation Using Error Correction Term
Appendix F - P.I.S.M.O.E.A. Error Model
GLOSSARY
REFERENCE LIST
SAMPLE FORMS
INDEX