General Notes
The term "repeated measures" means that each specimen is measured more than once. Often there is something done to each specimen between measurements. Common examples include: dependent samples (paired) t-test (comparing pre- and post-test results for students); longitudinal studies; panel data; etc.
See also:
Useful resources include:
Assumptions
References
Wikipedia - repeated measures design
http://www.r-statistics.com/2010/04/repeated-measures-anova-with-r-tutorials/