Here, "y" denotes an observed value of the response variable in ANOVA or Regression.
This information is largely taken from Hicks, section 3.8.
See also Box-Cox transforms.
These two transformations shorten the tail of a left-skewed distribution.
y3
y2
These four distributions shorten the tail of a right-skewed distribution.
sqrt(y)
ln(y)
-1/sqrt(y)
-1/y
See also Variance Stabilizing Transform.