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What you should know by the end of this lesson:
What you should know by the end of this lesson:
How a Cave forms
How an Arch forms
How a Stack forms
(really they are all stages on the same formation)
Background
Background
Cave, Arches and Stacks are features that really go hand in hand with each other. They are a progression of time with Caves forming first then becoming arches and followed by stacks.
They tend to be very dramatic, especially arches and stacks. So there are lots of dramatic photographs of them. Just think of Bow Fiddle Rock at Pennan.
Headland & Bay
Headland & Bay
REMEMBER!
When answering these as a full Higher Question you need to explain the processes which are involved in these formations. A well-explained process can gain you 2 marks, 1 mark for naming the process and 1 mark for explaining the process, but you need to have both to gain both marks.
The same goes for every process term you say
These features are straight forward and your task is simply to try and understand the processes which explain how they form
Digital Workbook and Paper Jotter
Copy the diagram into your jotter
Write the full explanation to your notes below your diagram
Diagram
Diagram
Explanation
Explanation
1. Waves attack areas of weakness in the headland such as a joint or a fault (1) creating a crack by hydraulic action (1) the power of the waves forcing air into cracks, compressing it and blows the rock apart as the pressure is released(1).
2. The crack grows - a sea cave is formed in the headland (1) and is deepened and widened over a long period of time by abrasion(1), the process of rocks and pebbles carried by the waves wearing away rocks as they are thrown against cliffs(1), and hydraulic action.
3. If the waves can attack both sides they will eventually cut through the headland to form an arch(1). Like Durdle Door in Dorset.
4. Waves continue to erode the base of the arch making it wider and wider(1). Once the arch is wide enough the top becomes unstable and will collapse due to gravity(1).
5. This leaves the part of the headland cut off to form, a pillar called, a stack(1).
6. A famous stack is the Old Man of Hoy (1)
Well done you have finished lesson 4 of Coastal Landscapes.
Well done you have finished lesson 4 of Coastal Landscapes.
Return to the topic launch page and attempt the lesson quiz
Return to the topic launch page and attempt the lesson quiz
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