Greater investment needed for more paediatric doctors, nurses and teachers to care for and educate an increasingly youthful population. Putting more strain on countries already stretched finances.

Poorer countries lack funding for services. Schools and hospitals become overcrowded restricting access and decreasing the quality of education and health care.

Rise in informal sector employment (black market) due to poor education and lack of formal employment opportunities. Informal employment does not pay taxes or contribute to the government finances.

Not enough housing is available for the increasing population so people create their own (shanty towns/favelas) but they lack basic amenities e.g. water supply and toilets.

Disease rates (such as cholera) increase due to overcrowding in the favelas and the lack of sanitation and clean drinking water.

Increased pressure on the working-age population to provide enough infrastructure for a growing country but also to pay enough taxes to fund education and health care initiatives, leaving less money for themselves.

Increased infant mortality rates due to the pressure on health care centres increase the birth rate to ensure that some children survive.

• Increased pressure on farmers to grow enough feed for a growing population.

• Land is then farmed intensively leading to soil degradation

• Deforestation occurs to create more farmland leading to desertification

• Lack of food due to over cultivated farmland encourages many to move to urban areas to search for work, money and food. This increases the problems experienced in the urban areas.