Porowhita L.O.s

Highlighted the L.O.'s focussing on.

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Early Addition and Subtraction (Revision)

The student uses a limited range of mental strategies to estimate answers and solve addition or subtraction problems. These strategies involve deriving the answer from known basic facts,e.g., 8 + 7 is 8 + 8 – 1 (doubles) or 5 + 3 + 5 + 2 (fives) or 10 + 5 (making tens).

Their strategies with multi-digit numbers involve using tens and hundreds as abstract units that can be partitioned, e.g., 43+25 = (40+20)+ (3+5) = 60 + 8 = 68 (standard partitioning)

or 39 + 26 = 40 + 25 = 65 (rounding and compensation) or 84 – 8 as 84 – 4 – 4 = 76 (back through ten).

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

Multiplication by Repeated Addition (Revision)

On multiplication tasks, the student uses a combination of known multiplication facts and repeated addition, e.g., 4 x 6 as (6 + 6) + (6 + 6) = 12 + 12 = 24. The student uses known multiplication and repeated addition facts to anticipate the result of division, e.g., 20 ÷ 4 = 5 because 5 + 5 = 10 and 10 + 10 = 20.

PROPORTIONS AND RATIOS

Fraction of a Number by Addition (Revision)

The student finds a fraction of a number and solves division problems with remainders mentally using halving, or deriving from known addition facts,

e.g.,1/3 of 12 is 4 because 3 + 3 + 3 = 9, so 4 + 4 + 4 = 12; e.g., 7 pies shared among 4 people (7 ÷ 4) by giving each person 1 pie, and 1/2 pie, then 1/4 pie.

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Advanced Addition and Subtraction of Whole Numbers The student can estimate answers and solve addition and subtraction tasks involving whole numbers mentally by choosing appropriately from a broad range of advanced mental strategies, e.g., 63 – 39 = 63 – 40 + 1 = 24 (roundingand compensating)

or 39 + 20 + 4= 63, so 63 – 39 = 24 (reversibility) or 64 – 40 = 24 (equal additions)

e.g., 324 – 86 = 300 – 62 = 238 (standard place value partitioning) or 324 – 100 + 14 = 238(roundingand compensating).

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

Derived Multiplication

The student uses a combination of known facts and mental strategies to derive answers to multiplication and division problems, e.g., 4 x 8 = 2 x 16 = 32 (doubling and halving), e.g., 9 x 6 is (10 x 6) – 6 = 54 (rounding and compensating), e.g.,63 ÷ 7 = 9 because 9 x 7=63 (reversibility).

PROPORTIONS AND RATIOS

Fraction of a Number by Addition and Multiplication The student uses repeated halving or known multiplication and division facts to solve problems that involve finding fractions of a set or region, renaming improper fractions, and division with remainders,

e.g., 1/3 of 36, 3 x 10 = 30, 36 – 30 = 6, 6 ÷ 3 = 2, 10 + 2 = 12

e.g., 16/3 = 5 1/3 (using 5 x 3 = 15)

e.g., 8 pies shared among 3 people (8 ÷ 3) by giving each person 2 pies and dividing the remaining 2 pies into thirds (answer:2+ 13 + 13 =223).

The student uses repeated replication to solve simple problems involving ratios and rates, e.g. 2:3 ➝ 4:6 ➝ 8:12 etc.