Technicolor

A technicolor model, in some theoretical models of particle physics, addresses electroweak gauge symmetry breaking. This is the mechanism by which W and Z bosons acquire their masses. The name is inspired by the fact that it was modeled earlier after QCD or quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong nuclear force. 

New gauge interactions would generate the masses for the W and Z boson, as opposed to introducing an elementary Higgs boson. In other words, Higgs-like phenomenon would emerge from a new dynamic strong interaction, an alternative to the scalar Higgs field. A new strongly interacting gauge theory is introduced. This new theory is called Technicolor and comes with Technifermions. Technifermion condensation is caused when the interaction becomes strong, at sufficiently low energies. It's the technifermion condensate that breaks the electroweak symmtery. This is kind of like quark condensate in QCD, where the vacuum of QCD actually is teeming with quark-antiquark pairs. The QCD vacuum has a complicated structure due to the strong interaction. There is a quantum description of what the vacuum looks like in QCD. 

Technicolor models answer one question, the acquiring of mass for the W and Z bosons, however, leaves open the question of how the ordinary quarks and leptons acquire their masses. Though this is part of the broader flavor problem, it remains an issue. In the Standard model, the mass of these particles comes from Yukawa couplings to the Higgs, but with no Higgs, there needs to be a new mechanism in Technicolor models by which the quarks and leptons like the electron acquire their masses. A Yukawa coupling describes how a fermion interacts with a scalar field, like the Higgs field, or simply, how strongly it interacts with said field. A fermion's mass is proportional to it's Yukawa coupling. Different particles have different mass because they have different Yukawa couplings. 

The biggest problem with Technicolor models is that it could not be reconciled with the precision needed to match the electroweak data.