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Johannes Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630. Kepler was a German astronomer. Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. He is best known for his laws of planetary motion.
Kepler’s laws of motion were three scientific laws of motion that bodies which orbited the Sun were thought to follow. These laws were published by Kepler himself from 1609 to 1619. These laws were an improvement from the heliocentric model of Nicholas Copernicus. Circular orbits were replaced with epicycles. These epicycles followed elliptical trajectories. These laws were also an explanation of how planetary velocities may vary.
First law:
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse, with the Sun or star at one of the two focal points.
Second law:
A line segment joining a planet with the Sun, sweeps out equal areas, during equal intervals of time.
Third law:
The square of the planet's orbital period, is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
This is the relationship between:
The distance of the planets from the Sun
Their orbital periods
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