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Quantum field theory is a theoretical framework that describes the interactions of subatomic particle. It is a synthesis of field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.
In quantum field theory, particles are excited states of their corresponding fields. These excited states are also known an quanta.
The most recent version of the quantum theory or quantum field theory is known as the Standard Model, which is our current understanding of all subatomic particles and of three of the four fundamental interactions, electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear force. It is still not clear how to incorporate gravity into the quantum theory.
A fundamental constituent of the quantum field theory is QED or quantum electrodynamics. In fact, quantum field theory begins with the study of the electromagnetic force. Paul Dirac’s 1927 paper was known “The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation”. This is where Paul Dirac coined the term “Quantum electrodynamics”.
Quantum electrodynamics is a relativistic quantum field theory of the electromagnetic interaction. It is a description of how light and matter interact. This theory is also the first real agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity. This theory describes all of the phenomenon involved in particles with electrical charge. This interaction takes place by the exchanging of photons.
These interactions can be described by Feynman diagram. This is the use of Feynman diagrams, which were introduced by Richard Feynman in 1948, and they describe the behavior of subatomic particles. They are pictorial representations of how these particles interact. This works very well for making predictions.
Steven Weinberg
Sheldon Glashow
Abdus Salam
There will also be the symmetry noticed by Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam, between electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force. This was a symmetry between the photon and the W boson. This unification became known as the Electroweak interaction.
There is also the well established theory of quarks and gluons known as quantum chromodynamics. This theory describes how quarks are bound by gluons into hadrons.
This is a general overview of the force carriers for the fundamental interactions and their properties in quantum field theory.
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