Active shooting in schools:

There were 160 active shooter incidents in the United States, of which 27 occurred in K–12 schools between 2001 and 2013. Active shootings in schools are of main concern to the FBI because they entail the incidents with some of the highest numbers of casualties, such as Sandy Hook Elementary School (Newtown, Conn.), in which 26 were killed and two were injured, or Santana High School (Santee, Calif.), in which two were killed and 12 were hurt (Schwartz et. all, 2016).

The recent event in Uvalde city of Texas state in the USA at the Robb Elementary School is an example of an active shooting in schools. On 24 May 2022, an 18 years old teenager has shot at a primary school and 19 young including his grandmother and one adult were killed in the shooting (Matza, 2022).

Active shooting is more happening in the countries that carrying the weapon to civilians is legal. In developing countries, the rate of active shooting by students is rare. Therefore, educational authorities need to be more cautious and vigilant toward schools’ safety and security since school is considered a protected environment for learners.

Bullying affects not only the target but the whole school community, and it is the responsibility of everyone who witnesses bullying to stop it. Below are the parties involved in the bullying scenario and the first steps of what they should do:

Students who are bullied:

• This is the person who is being targeted, hurt, and bullied;

• The student who is being bullied should get away from the person doing the bullying however way possible and talk to a trusted adult who can do something to change the bully’s actions;

• Confide in close, trusted friends, and find ways that you can support each other against bullying.

Students showing bullying behaviors:

• This is the person who is aggressively aiming for another;

• Restore the relationship and assume responsibility for the actions that you have committed and see what you can do to change the situation;

• Tell others that it is not acceptable to act like a bully in any context, including on social media;

• Talk to a trusted adult to talk about your actions, and why you may be acting in this way.

Bystander:

• • This is the person or the people who are witnessing bullying take place in front of them, either personally or on social media;

  • A bystander should not join in on making the target feel worse, but rather intervene by telling the person who is doing the bullying to stop (if safe to do so) and support the target;

  • Bystanders need to tell a trusted adult who has the authority to change this situation about what happened.

Upstander:

• • This is the person or the people who are supporting the student who is being bullied;

  • An upstander embraces the challenge to speak out and do the right thing;

  • An upstander seeks to make positive change by moving from silence to action.

In general, it is important to provide support to both the student being bullied and the student exhibiting bullying behavior and to also call bystanders to take action to advocate for the student being hurt.