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Saqqara (Sakkara, Saccara or Arabic: س)
At Saqqara, Djoser's step pyramid was built during the Third Dynasty. Djoser was the first or second king of the 3rd Dynasty (c. 2670–2650 BC) of the Egyptian Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2125 BC)
The earliest burials of nobles can be traced back to the First Dynasty, at the northern side of the Saqqara plateau. It remained an important complex for non-royal burials and cult ceremonies for more than 3,000 years, well into Ptolemaic and Roman times.
Djoser's Step Pyramid complex included several structures pivotal to its function in both life and the afterlife. It facilitated the king's ascension to join the eternal North Star. the Djoser complex is built on a north–south axis...
Facimilie 1 - Fig. 11. Designed to represent "the pillars of heaven", as understood by the Egyptians.
Furthermore, the Djoser complex has one niched enclosure wall, The Djoser complex is surrounded by a wall of light Tura limestone 10.5 m (34 ft) high. The wall design recalls the appearance of 1st Dynasty tombs, with the distinctive paneled construction known as the palace façade, which imitates bound bundles of reeds.
The wall is interrupted by 14 doors, but only one entrance.
The remaining doors are known as false doors. They functioned as portals through which the king's ka could pass between life and the afterlife. The one functional door at the southeast end of the complex leads to a narrow passageway that connects to the "roofed colonnade"... a hall with twenty pairs of limestone columns, ...The Pillars of Heaven
See also Temple of Marduk...
Also called the Esagila, the temple of Marduk was, after the Ziggurat and the royal Palace, the greatest of the architectural complexes of Babylon.
See Serekh - from the Old Kingdom...
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