There are NONE like it in the world
Dr. Aziz S. Atiya - "This kind of picture one can find generally on other papyri, but this particular one has special peculiarities."
The Hieroglyphic Canon of Proportions refers to the systematic grid system used by ancient Egyptian artists for millennia to create idealized and consistent human figures in their art, including hieroglyphs, paintings, and sculptures. The Canon of Proportions was a strict system of rules based on a grid and dictated specific ratios for body parts to ensure uniformity.
Key features of the canon
Grid system: A square grid was used to ensure accurate and scalable proportions.
Measurements: For most of Egyptian history, a standing figure measured 18 squares from the soles of the feet to the hairline, or 19 squares to the crown of the head. During the Late Period, the grid was changed to 21 squares to the top of the eyelid, resulting in more elongated figures.
Unit of measurement: The length of one side of a square was equal to the width of one clenched fist.
Specific body parts aligned with certain grid lines. For a standing figure in the 18-square canon, the knees were on the 6th line, the elbows on the 12th, and the neck and shoulders on the 16th.
Images embodied a thing's true essence
Significance in hieroglyphs
When viewing Egyptian art, it is often difficult to distinguish between narrative scenes and text, as the hieroglyphs function both pictographically and phonetically to convey information and reinforce symbolic meaning.
The canon of proportions was deeply embedded in Egyptian religious beliefs and social order.
Expression of permanence: The consistency and timelessness of this style reinforced the Egyptian cultural ideals of order (𝑚𝑎'𝑎𝑡), balance, and stability. Adherence to strict proportions ensured that depictions of deities and the deceased conveyed their eternal nature.
How the grid system worked
Grid structure: Beginning in the Middle Kingdom, artists would draw an 18-square grid on a wall. This provided a framework for transferring proportions from small sketches to large-scale artworks. For a standing figure, the baseline started at the soles of the feet and the top line was at the hairline. The unit of measure for each square was the width of a fist.
Composite perspective: The grid system dictated a stylized, composite view of the human form to convey the most recognizable and essential information. In this "aspective" art, different body parts were shown from their most characteristic angle.
A tool for consistency: Artists typically followed their fathers' trades, the canon allowed for the uniform, high-volume production of art across generations. The grid could be used to accurately scale figures up or down for any surface, from tomb walls to papyrus scrolls.
A visual representation technique where the size of figures indicates their importance, with larger figures representing higher status or divinity. For instance, a pharaoh or deity would be shown much larger than an elite person, and an elite person would be larger than a commoner
Ancient Egyptian art, including the hieroglyphs, followed a strict and standardized system known as the "canon of proportions". This was used to create consistent and symbolic representations, rather than realistic ones. Proportions, compositions, and even the precise placement of hands, feet, and arms were highly meaningful and held functional, often religious, significance.
To ensure consistency, artists used a grid system to maintain specific proportions across different artworks for over 3,000 years.
Standard measurements: The human figure was divided into a specific number of squares—18 to the hairline for much of Egyptian history. Key body parts, such as the knees, elbows, and shoulders, had to align with specific grid lines.
Methodical creation: Unfinished tomb paintings and carvings show these grids still visible, demonstrating how artists used them to scale sketches onto larger surfaces. This allowed for uniform artwork production and replication, even without the original artist present.
Symbolism over realism: The purpose was not to capture reality. Instead, it was to present all the most recognizable and important aspects of the subject, such as the head in profile and the torso head-on, in a single, timeless image.
"The positions of figures and the specific angles of their limbs were not decorative but instead acted as highly developed visual hieroglyphs with precise meaning."
Hand gestures
Worship: Two open palms held out in front of the body could represent prayer or worship.
Mourning: A hand held to the face signified sorrow.
Authority: A clenched fist holding a scepter symbolized power or authority.
Foot and leg placement:
For males: The common pose of a male figure striding forward with the left leg symbolizes vigor, power, and influence. This was often used for kings and high officials.
For females: Standing female figures were typically shown with their feet together, representing a more passive and supportive role.
Status of life: The "left foot forward" stance was sometimes used to indicate that the person was alive when the statue was made, while feet together signified the person being deceased.
And, there are NO OTHER examples of this.
see more examples at A Collection of Lion Couch Scenes
"Abram having no son of his own, adopted Lot, his brother Haran’s son, and his wife Sarai’s brother; and he left the land of Chaldea, when he was seventy five years old: and at the command of God went into Canaan... And when he was there settled, he built an altar, and performed a sacrifice to God."
---Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, chpt 7. v.1
Berosus mentions our father Abram when he says; “In the tenth generation after the flood, there was among the Chaldeans a man, righteous, and great, and skilful in the celestial science.” He communicated to them [Egyptians] Arithmetick; and delivered to them the science of Astronomy. (28) For before Abram came into Egypt they were unacquainted with those parts of learning: for that science came from the Chaldeans into Egypt; and from thence to the Greeks also... when and he returnd from Egypt, he dwelt in Hebron; which is a city seven years ancienter than Tanis of Egypt.
"Abram, when he had saved the captive Sodomites, who had been taken by the Assyrians, and Lot also, his kinsman, returned home in peace. Now the King of Sodom met him at a certain place, which they called The King’s dale, where Melchisedeck, King of the city Salem, received him. That name [Melchi-Zedek] signifies, The righteous King: and such he was without dispute; insomuch that, on this account, he was made the Priest of God. However, they afterward called Salem Jeru-salem."
"When he [Abram] heard that, he offered a sacrifice to God, as he commanded him. The manner of the sacrifice was this: (29) He took an heifer of three years old, and a she goat of three years old, and a ram in like manner of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a pigeon: and, as he was enjoined, he divided the three former, but the birds he did not divide. After which, before he built his altar..."
"When God had thus resolved concerning the Sodomites, Abraham, as he sat by the Oak of Mambre, at the door of his tent, saw three Angels; ...Then they concealed themselves no longer; but declared that they were Angels of God; and that one of them was sent to inform them about the child; and two for the overthrow of Sodom."
---Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, chpt 11. v.2
"Lot, upon God’s informing him of the future destruction of the Sodomites, went away; taking with him his wife, and daughters; who were two, and still virgins: for those [other daughters] that were betrothed (31) to them [sodomites] were above the thoughts of going; and deemed that Lot’s words were trifling. God then cast a thunderbolt upon the city, and set it on fire, with its inhabitants; and laid waste the country with the like burning..." "But Lot’s wife continually turning back to view the city, as she went from it; and being too nicely inquisitive what would become of it..." Then Josephus says "I have seen it, and it remains at this day."
Melch-i-zedek => "The intermediate i is the vowel of union" => "king" + "priest"
Hugh Nibley lecture series (23 videos)
The Hieroglyphic Canon of Proportions grid-based system was developed during the Old Kingdom and remained in use for thousands of years, with slight variations over time, with notable deviations, like the "elongated" portraits of the Amarna period under Akhenaten, which temporarily altered these established proportions.
Kerry Shirts "Backyard Professor" series