LEGAL TRANSLATION

Article 1 - Purpose

1. The purpose of the present Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.

2. Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.

Article 6 - Women with disabilities

1. States Parties recognize that women and girls with disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination, and in this regard shall take measures to ensure the full and equal enjoyment by them of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the full development, advancement and empowerment of women, for the purpose of guaranteeing them the exercise and enjoyment of the human rights and fundamental freedoms set out in the present Convention.

Artículo 1 - Propósito

1. El propósito de la presente Convención es promover, proteger y garantizar el disfrute pleno y en condiciones de igualdad de todos los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales por parte de todas las personas con discapacidad, y promover el respeto de su dignidad inherente.

2. Las personas con discapacidad incluyen a aquellas que tienen deficiencias físicas, mentales, intelectuales o sensoriales a largo plazo que, al interactuar con diversas barreras, pueden obstaculizar su participación plena y efectiva en la sociedad en igualdad de condiciones con las demás.

Artículo 6 - Mujeres con discapacidad

1. Los Estados Partes reconocen que las mujeres y las niñas con discapacidad están sujetas a múltiples formas de discriminación y, a este respecto, adoptarán medidas para asegurar el disfrute pleno y en igualdad de condiciones por parte de ellas de todos los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales.

2. Los Estados Partes adoptarán todas las medidas apropiadas para garantizar el pleno desarrollo, adelanto y empoderamiento de la mujer, con el fin de garantizarles el ejercicio y disfrute de los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales establecidos en la presente Convención.

1. Modulation

Example:
“on an equal basis with others” → “en igualdad de condiciones con las demás”

Explanation:
Modulation occurs when the perspective or wording is change to make the expression natural in the target language. Instead of a literal “en base igual”, which sounds awkward in Spanish, the phrase is reshaped into the idiomatic “en igualdad de condiciones”. This preserves the meaning while adapting the structure to Spanish norms.

2. Equivalence

Example:
“fundamental freedoms” → “libertades fundamentales”

Explanation:
A recognized legal equivalent in Spanish is used instead of a literal translation. This phrase is standard in legal and human rights texts.

3. Calque

Example:
“States Parties” → “Estados Partes” 

Explanation:
A calque takes the meaning and structure from English, but uses words that already exist in Spanish. States is translated as “Estados” and Parties as “Partes.” The English syntactic construction is being “calqued,” but the language used is entirely Spanish. This is also because it is the official term established by organizations such as the UN and the OAS.

Artículo 4. El animal doméstico de trabajo tendrá derecho a una alimentación adecuada y nutricional, a una limitación razonable del tiempo y la intensidad de trabajo, al reposo y a no ser obligado a trabajar más allá de sus condiciones físicas corporales.

Artículo 5. En caso de que resulte necesaria la muerte de un animal, esta medida deberá ser aplicada por un médico veterinario idóneo utilizando un método instantáneo, indoloro y no generador de angustia.

Article 4. A domestic working animal shall have the right to adequate and nutritious food, a reasonable limitation on the duration and intensity of work, rest, and not to be forced to work beyond its physical capabilities.

Article 5. In the event that the death of an animal becomes necessary, this measure must be carried out by a qualified veterinarian using an instantaneous, painless method that does not cause distress.

1. Equivalence

Example:
“médico veterinario idóneo” → “qualified veterinarian”

Explanation:
The legal meaning do not translate words literally, but rather look for the term that has the same legal weight in the other language.

In Spanish, “idóneo” means that someone has the official license to practice. In English, the standard term for this is “qualified”. Also eliminates redundancy. In English, “veterinarian” already implies that they are a doctor, so it is not necessary to translate “doctor” separately.

In summary the form of the words is changed to maintain the same legal message in the target language.

2. Transposition

Example:
“alimentación adecuada y nutricional” →
“adequate and nutritious food”

Explanation:
Grammatical categories are adjusted to fit the natural syntax of English. While in Spanish “nutricional” is a technical adjective that modifies ‘alimentación’, in English it is transposed to “nutritious food,” a descriptive adjective that sounds much more idiomatic and professional in official documents.

In summary, we adjust the grammar so that the message reads fluently and professionally to a native speaker, while maintaining the same legal meaning.