It is not widely known that an indigenous governance system exists within the Bicol Region. Thus, this research aims to highlight one of the indigenous communities in Iriga, specifically the Agta Tribe in Ilian. Using a descriptive research design that involves face-to-face interviews to understand the indigenous governance that already existed since they resided in the donated land of NCIP. This includes the Agta Tribe’s own indigenous governance structure and practices in various aspects, such as power and control, legitimacy, leadership, accountability, equality, and fairness. This paper also analyzed the political culture of the Agta Tribe in Ilian, which reveals the different ways in which indigenous people participate: as participants, subjects, and parochials. Additionally, this paper examined the different political problems faced by the indigenous tribe. The result showed that the indigenous governance structure and practices of the Agta Tribe in Ilian are democratic and participative. While the political participation of the tribe is highly participative, there were some who had neither knowledge nor interest in their own political activities. Then, the political problem of the tribe revolves around socio-economic rather than political issues. The implication of this study could be used to generate awareness, knowledge, and improvement of the indigenous governance of indigenous tribes in the Bicol Region.

Keywords: Indigenous Governance Structure, Indigenous Governance Practices, Political Culture, Political Problems, Indigenous Governance Model

The study developed a Modified Budgetary Framework for barangays in LGU-Naga City, Camarines Sur, to improve compliance and budget accountability. This study also determined the correlation between compliance, accountability, and barangay demographics, as well as the correlation between compliance and budget accountability. A survey questionnaire was used in a mixed research design, with barangay officials related to finance serving as respondents, chosen through purposive sampling. The study's results indicated no significant correlation between compliance, accountability, and barangay demographics. In contrast, the two key variables showed a significant correlation of .69. The results from the survey revealed pertinent information for developing the Modified Budgetary Framework. It highlighted the need to transfer the recording function of the Barangay Treasurer to the Barangay Records Keeper. Standardization of the hiring process for barangay officials related to finance to ensure manpower competence. Annual external audit instead of every three yearsh rules and regulations, and efficiency.

Keywords: Internal Control, Compliance, Budget Accountability, Budgetary Framework

The Manide community is a living embodiment of the cultural depth and native spirit of the area. Located in Sitio Calibigaho, Barangay Osmeña, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte, it comprises 61 families with over 236 individuals. Known for developing centuries-old traditions and relationships with the lands of their ancestry, however, they currently face critical problems that put their existence at risk. These issues range from cultural degradation, inadequate healthcare access, unequal educational opportunities, adverse economic conditions, poor employment prospects, discrimination, and social marginalization. Recognizing the intrinsic connection among architecture, people, and environment presents a unique opportunity to light up the aspirations of the Manide while keeping its history alive. Their unique challenges must be met with concerted efforts through critical programs. By developing and implementing a comprehensive development plan that prioritizes healthcare, education, economic realignment, cultural conservation and promotion, and social cohesion. Ethnographic architecture can catalyze transformative and purposeful change within the community of Manide. This approach seeks not only to develop the physical well-being and opportunities of every man but also to foster long-term sustainability. The proposed Manide community’s comprehensive master development plan, which highlights the cultural center and community hub, centers on an ethos of architectural synergy with nature characterized by ethnographic architecture. Structures are envisioned to function as an extension of the landscape, embodying the essence of the Manide’s deep-rooted connection to their ancestral land, and aim to encapsulate not just physical structures but a narrative that resonates with the spirit of the Manide people. Through sensitive spatial organization and zoning, cultural representation, educational integration, community engagement, and sustainability practices, this will contribute to forging a stronger and more empowered community. By embracing principles of inclusivity, utmost respect, and understanding of the Manide culture and built environment, this initiative primarily seeks to create a beacon for socio-cultural preservation and community empowerment. Through detailed collaboration with stakeholders and the implementation of targeted programs and facilities, the Manide community can reclaim its identity, strengthen its resilience, and create a path towards a brighter future for all.

Naga City's ecclesiastical architecture, including the seminary and cathedral, holds significant religious and historical value. The Holy Rosary Minor Seminary, home to the Museo del Seminario Conciliar of Nueva Caceres, preserves relics and records dating back to the 1700s. However, there's a critical need for improved heritage conservation and museum development. The site's rich cultural heritage reflects the Spanish era and the enduring influence of the church on regional architecture. Preservation is urgent due to the risks of aging and deterioration. Efforts should focus on renovating the seminary, redesigning the museum, and creating a Conservation Training Center. Key methodologies include community interviews, building assessments, and modern facility proposals. Effective preservation requires addressing moisture, pests, and structural stability while celebrating the building's heritage. A methodical approach is essential for conserving this legacy for future generations.

Researchers have chosen this study to explore the relationship between barangay officials' adherence to budgeting policies and public trust within the community. The study is aimed to understand how compliance with budgetary regulations impacts public perception of local government. As a result, it was found out that while barangays generally comply with preparation and accountability, they struggle with execution due to complex approval processes. Despite high compliance, no significant correlation was found between compliance and public trust. Residents showed moderate trust in transparent resource allocation but were dissatisfied with the lack of tangible improvements and communication. Additionally, compliance levels were not significantly associated with barangay location, population, land area, or National Tax Allotment (NTA). These findings suggest the need for better transparency, communication, and community engagement in barangay governance to enhance public trust and budget implementation effectiveness.

Indigenous communities play a crucial role in both societal and economic domains. However, despite the global push for sustainability, Indigenous communities often struggle in their pursuit of sustainable livelihoods. This study examines the relationship between the challenges in accessing financial resources and the sustainability of the livelihood activities of the Indigenous Community in Camarines Sur. It aims to understand how difficulties in having financial resources affect the ability of these communities to sustain their livelihoods. Employing a descriptive-inferential approach, the researchers conducted surveys through a modified survey questionnaire and focused group discussions with one hundred (100) Indigenous Community members, respondents selected using a random sampling and pro-rata technique. Results revealed that (1) the most significant challenges for indigenous communities include underrepresentation in decision-making, limited job opportunities, and land rights dispossession, (2) the most influential factors include limited knowledge in basic bookkeeping, restricted access to markets for agricultural produce, and exercising ancestral land rights, and (3) there is a significant positive relationship between challenges and factors, thus accepting the study's hypothesis. The TABANG Framework was crafted and disseminated to the respondents, serving as the study’s primary output. The framework integrates the cycle and inverted pyramid, with economic and accounting practices highly interconnected, leading to the utmost correlation. Thus, the necessity of proper financial knowledge for sustaining resources and empowering communities is concluded.

Keywords: Indigenous community, sustainability, livelihood activities, financial resources, TABANG Framework.

Good governance is one of the most controversial topics in public administration today. Most politicians and aspiring politicians aimed for transparent governance to combat corruption, and as a starting point, the Full Disclosure Policy Bill was introduced. The Full Disclosure Policy mandates that all government units disclose and make their Financial Reports available to the public, promoting transparent governance. This study examined the role of administrative accountability in the compliance of Barangays m 2020 to 2022. A descriptive-correlational research approach was employed to conduct the study. Through surveys and face-to-face interviews with the 125 respondents, this study found that Barangay Profiles do not affect the compliance of the Barangays to the Full Disclosure Policy. This study also revealed that the Barangays of Naga City had a slight to moderate compliance level with the Full Disclosure Policy, and its constituents are slightly aware of it. Moreover, this study also found a significant relationship between the level of compliance by the barangay and the level of awareness of constituents regarding the Full Disclosure Policy, with a negligible p-value of p < 0.05. Thus, the TARA TUGON Framework was developed, e good governance.

Keywords: Accountability, Awareness, Compliance, Effectiveness, and Full Disclosure Policy.

The St. Anthony of Padua Parish, one of the oldest churches in Camarines Sur, has been standing for 157 years, playing a vital role in the country's cultural identity and historical continuity and helping develop the faith of the Filipinos. Its importance in the community necessitates its evaluation against seismic hazards, as it is a pre-code structure constructed with indigenous materials. Furthermore, seismic retrofitting methods that can strengthen the structure against lateral loads while maintaining its original aesthetics should be developed to further the lifespan of the structure. The possibility of a structure incurring damage when subjected to seismic events can be modeled and simulated through software. For this study, the researchers conducted a Rapid Visual Survey and developed sets of Seismic Fragility Curves using Time History Analysis in Midas Gen. These methods will help researchers assess the current status of the church and validate the effectiveness of the wing wall as a retrofitting method. The results from RVS revealed that the structure required a more detailed structural and non-structural evaluation. Additionally, the seismic fragility curves show that the structure is unsafe and requires retrofitting. Lastly, the wing wall retrofitting method proposed in this study proved to be inefficient when applied to St. Anthony of Padua Parish.

Keywords: Historical and Cultural significance, Earthquake, Seismic Vulnerability Assessment, Fragility Curves, Wing Wall

Multiplex buildings involve a large amount of electrical equipment and technology. As buildings utilize a lot of electricity, greenhouse gas emissions amplify the greenhouse effect. Moreover, the emergence of urban issues like the heat island effect, urban flooding, and urban desertification contributes to climate change. Developers and allied professionals conduct further research on potential design solutions and strategies to mitigate these problems. In connection with this, Naga City, Camarines Sur, Philippines, is starting to develop high-rise buildings. One of the 16-storey multiplex buildings known as UMA Residence is visible along Magsaysay Avenue. If the condominium achieves success, this could indicate more developments in the City of Naga.

To highlight the cause and effect of the apparent change in civilization’s climatic state and its relationship with the changing environment—including sociocultural, economic, and environmental development—the researchers propose a design project revolving around a Community Multiplex Mid-Rise Office Condominium. This project emphasizes a wide range of opportunities, a greener environment, and an open space design that considers how the constructed built Community Multiplex Interactive space can help minimize and adapt to this changing environment.

Keywords: Community Multiplex, Sustainable Architecture, Interactive Space

Water pollution resulting from population growth and industrialization has led to a significant fish kill in Lake Buhi, causing a 70% loss in fish stock with an economic impact estimated at 80 million pesos. Current water quality monitoring systems exhibit deficiencies in reliability, scalability, design protocols, and data management. To address these issues, the researchers conducted a study titled "Design of Radio Network based on Long Range (LoRa) Technology for Water Quality Monitoring System (WQMS) of Lake Buhi with Internet of Things (IoT)."

In this study, the researchers developed a radio network topology specifically for water monitoring in Lake Buhi. They utilized LoRa modules to transmit and receive data from sensors that measure dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and water temperature. Data storage and visualization were facilitated through a graphical user interface (GUI) created using Google Sheets and Apps Script. The study spanned from July 2022 to May 2023, with preliminary assessments conducted in Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur. A range test for reliability was performed in Pili, Camarines Sur, with tests running for one month and one week, respectively.

The designed radio network protocol achieved a marginal signal strength, with an optimum Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of -94.9 dBm over a distance of 1000 meters during the timeframe of 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM. The Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) ranged from 70% to 85% at this distance across three different timeframes, indicating a reasonable level of reliability. The collated data were converted into graphical representations via a database. Overall, this research demonstrated reliable communication within the target range, simulating the maximum distance across three out of twenty-three water sampling stations in Lake Buhi.

Keywords: Water Quality Monitoring System, LoRa Technology, Internet of Things, Dashboard

Information management has become an important part of the barangay development plan's operation. For instance, the information management system assists barangay officials and health workers in efficiently gathering and managing data, especially in housing profiling. With the help of modern technology, the system improves the decision-making process for barangay officials. Furthermore, other barangays will adapt to the information management system. The barangays are likely to enhance their data management and planning efforts. The study focuses on designing and developing an information management system for the barangay development plan in San Francisco, Magarao, Camarines Sur. The system, implemented as a progressive web application, aims to handle transactions related to the development plan. The study addresses information requirements, necessary modules, features, and user acceptability. The proponents utilized the Scrum framework in agile software development to prioritize features and construct the information management system. The proponents successfully designed and developed the information management system for the barangay development plan in San Francisco, Magarao. Through various data gathering approaches, the proponents identified relevant information requirements, necessary modules and features, and assessed user acceptability. The study contributes to the system's effective implementation in Barangay San Francisco's Barangay Development Plan. 

The study on the Information Management System (IMS) for the Barangay Development Plan in San Francisco, Magarao, yielded the following conclusions: The IMS primarily focuses on resident and household information, including demographic, socio-economic, housing profiling, health, and education data. Regular data analysis helps officials prioritize and make informed decisions to improve barangay operations. The web-based database effectively stores and manages data, with features like Get Certificate, Generate Report, Projects and Audit Report, System Dashboard, and user-friendly modules enhancing overall barangay services. The system received a “highly acceptable” rating from barangay officials, considering factors such as a user-friendly interface, secure data handling, and adaptability. Officials are willing to adopt and implement the system with minor adjustments. Suggestions include adding features for online access, calamity response, health services appointments, and a blotter report system to enhance the system’s functionality for future clients.

Keywords: Barangay Development Plan, Information Management Systems (IMS), Housing Profiling, Urban Development Strategies.

This paper presents an approach to monitoring the water quality of Lake Buhi, a vital aquaculture area in the Bicol Region, which serves as the primary water source for hydroelectric power and irrigation in the Rinconada Towns. The prototype developed for this study incorporates a 3D-printed hollow half-sphere buoyant housing for electronic components, a battery, and a solar panel. It aims to acquire accurate real-time data on water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. These parameters are monitored using sensors that employ UART digital and analog protocols, all under the control of an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. Data collected are recorded and stored on a micro-SD card, generating comprehensive graphs and tables.

In assessing the prototype's precision and accuracy, all results were compared with data obtained from conventional analog water quality testers at the BFAR Region V laboratory. The research findings demonstrate the prototype's remarkable accuracy, resulting in impressive precision rates for the measured parameters: temperature (99.60%), pH (99.04%), dissolved oxygen (99.623%), and turbidity (91.57%). The paired t-test determined that all computed t-values for the four parameters fell below the critical t-value of 2.26, affirming the device's precision and reliability. The prototype exhibited exceptional precision, delivering consistent measurements within margins of uncertainty of ±0.236°C, ±0.009, ±0.045 mg/L, and ±0.269 NTU for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, respectively. These values signify the acceptable margins of uncertainty for each parameter.

Keywords: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity

The study was conducted to identify the political ideologies and values of Nagueños and the perceived effects of these ideologies and values on their social life. The result shows that social media content includes themes that are closely associated with Liberalism as well as communitarianism. The material is published content that shows ideological manifestations with a strong inclination towards the protection and supremacy of rights and rejection of oppressive policies and laws that unduly curtail rights. The published content also indicates adherence to Social Democracy and Socialism. The digital content of this study also shows adherence to Liberalism. Based on the findings, there is a need to constantly evaluate values and ideologies which serve as the basis of decision-making and actions. This constant evaluation would enable Nagueños to understand the said beliefs better and thus enable them to enhance their political maturity.

Keywords: Communitarianism, Democracy, Liberalism, Socialism

The study was carried out to add to the body of knowledge on the customs and pursuits of indigenous people in the Philippines, particularly the Oyango community. By raising people's understanding of indigenous people, we can encourage equality of opportunity by teaching people about their culture and the government support necessary for their welfare. The study specifically sought to identify and discuss the social activities of the Oyango Indigenous Community in Hobo, Minalabac, and Camarines Sur and their consequences for social development. Results showed that the indigenous Oyango people still follow animistic rituals. The researcher suggests promoting active participation in social and civic activities among Oyango community members. Their sustainable practices can be imparted to other cultures so that future generations will continue them.

Keywords: Sustainable, socialization, human learning

This is a groundbreaking research covering the unique dishes in the Province of Camarines Sur. This study documents unique dishes in each of the municipalities and cities of the said province. The study focuses on unique dishes and drinks that make use of endemic ingredients. The exploration of these dishes also includes an examination of the unique localities they originated from and are found in. This research also documents the profiles of the cooks who are familiar with these dishes and their cultural significance. This study also serves as the first compilation of the unique dishes for Camarines Sur. It is also as a step towards the further promotion of the province for the purpose of Tourism. This also would empower the province as it develops its Food Tourism.

Keywords: Camarines Sur, Food Tourism, dish

The UNC Project CoDe S: A Community Development Solutions was created during the pandemic. The College of Engineering and Architecture, through the Office of the VP for Research, Extension and Linkages (OVP-REL), was tapped by the Philippines’ Office of the Vice President to lead the Bahayanihan Project under Angat Buhay at Lupi, Camarines Sur. During this phase of the program, the College and OVP-REL witnessed the community's needs. Despite the pandemic, the team extended necessary services. Project CoDe S successfully addressed various community challenges, including psychological preparations, skills for building resettlements, community rehabilitation, livelihood programs, needs-based community development research, knowledge sharing, and the development of a future-ready human resource.

The Skills to Build program under Project CoDe S was able to establish a community for 119 families on previously uninhabited sloping land in Lupi, Camarines Sur. Additionally, psychological preparations and orientations were conducted twice for partner beneficiaries. Skills training sessions, including building wiring, painting, and solar PV installation, were carried out during the construction phase. These activities were made possible through a strong spirit of volunteerism. The pilot project in Lupi achieved a remarkable 95.5% satisfaction level among participants. Project CoDe S brought love, hope, and faith to the community. As stated, "coming together is a beginning; staying together is progress; working together is success."

Keywords: Community Development Solutions, Skills to Build, volunteerism, community extension activities

This study aims to analyze the lifestyle and practices of the Oyango indigenous community in Iriga City, Camarines Sur, Philippines, in relation to sustainable development using the autoethnographic method. The researcher utilized self-reflection and writing to explore anecdotal and personal experiences, connecting the autobiographical story to wider cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings. A qualitative-descriptive design was employed in the study. Participant observation was conducted to describe and interpret the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of the cultural-sharing group. 

Results revealed that the Oyango community can adapt their traditional farming methods to climate change. They have evolved agricultural practices over the years that are suited to harsh settings. Forests and other natural resources are preserved and restored. The community considers itself a part of the natural world and interconnected with it. Natural resources are viewed as shared property, which contributes to reducing the effects of climate change by safeguarding vital resources like rivers and forests.

Keywords: sustainable development, indigenous culture, Oyango community