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Eugene Dmitriev: Extraterrestrial life, embedded in a matrix
Eugene Dmitriev: Extraterrestrial life, embedded in a matrix
In March of this year astrobiologist from the Marshall Space Flight Center, Dr. Richard Hoover claimed to have discovered an alien life form.
After a decade of studying meteorites that fell in the remote areas of the world he had discovered fossils of a variety of bacteria, and some were similar to those existing on Earth, while others radically different from them.
Over the past 50 years, these sensations occurred three times, and all three times they ended the discussion by the scientific community a refutation of the theory of ordinary evidence of panspermia. In 1996, detailed studies have shown that the supposedly open microorganisms are the result of natural chemical processes in the material of the meteorite. In other cases, the bacteria found at all were the result of inadvertent contamination of samples of terrestrial life forms.
Experts suspicious and at this time. Thus, an expert in meteorites at the University of Chicago, Edward Anders believes that Hoover discovered the structure is unlikely to have a biological origin ...
But criticism does not mean that research should turn forever? And they are continuing.
Two years ago, Russian researcher Evgeniy Dmitriev found in meteorites, comets extraterrestrial life, and in advanced forms ("TM» № 3 for 2010 - / 1 /). He was able to distinguish these bodies strimerglasy - the skeletal remains of primitive extraterrestrial sea animals. Due to the fact that strimerglasy generated multicellular organisms, they are a hundred times larger than bacteria, found Hoover. Their location - "they are soldered" in glass "matrix" of the meteorite - eliminates the earth's contamination.
Information on the opening spread to the media, TV and Internet, but research organizations have not paid her any attention.
Why? Even if professionals to staff positions do not believe in the remains of living creatures, portable meteorites - which can interfere with control studies, open and competent discussion? Once again, Russia could lose priority - in this case, the priority in the discovery of extraterrestrial life ...
A Dmitriev, meanwhile obtained new results.
Once again, the find LA Kulik
In "Interplanetary carriers tektites" ("TM» № 4 for 1986) the author discussed in detail the story finds LA Kulik bluish translucent piece of glass in puzyristogo Suslov funnel. This unique discovery, which he linked to the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. Kulik has been opponents: publications, EL Krinov, and then the VI Wronski stated that the glass - a piece of the bottle, melt in a fire in the house Kulik.
However, the analysis carried out in the article finds the circumstances showed that it was nothing like the Tunguska meteorite material.
Why is not published Kulik puzyristogo of glass? The fact that the analysis was done, no doubt - technology of the time already allowed to do so. Then why, announcing his discovery in the prestigious Journal of the Academy of Sciences in 1939 only, he did not present it the glass? Yes, apparently, because when you are absolutely certain that the glass is still appeared in the time of the accident, he was discouraged by his "bottle" structure.
Such caution is justified: Kulik avoid possible danger of discrediting the results of his research and as a consequence, the termination of funding the expeditions.However, sincerely believing in meteoritic nature of glass, he found the courage to publish the findings of fact, in the shower hoping that this will solve the riddle of his followers.
The bacteria, discovered by Richard Hoover
Strimerglasy Tunguska meteorite (a) and kanskitov (b). Some difference in the images strimerglasov explained by the difference of conditions of their discharge from the "carrier". When removing the safety glass kanskita some strimerglasy fragmented, while others remained part of the glass matrix of the sample. Tunguska strimerglasy extracted from soil samples taken astronomer VA Romeiko in the canyon creek Churgim have a clear original appearance - they were not "soldered" into the glass and placed in a loosely coupled comet breed
And the followers were found. In the above article / 1 / describes the history of placer green glass, found and studied the spouses Korshunova, - it was shown that the glass fell out of the orbital companion of the Tunguska meteorite. Glass named kanskitami, the place of detection - not far from the River Caen (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
The search was continued in 2009, they brought two more kanskita and, most importantly, 10 local placers kanskitov-toxins. Their composition was identical and, according to the classification of cometary meteorites, wastes a good fit in vysokokaltsievuyu group (H) Ca (on classification, see / 1 /).
Another glass, referring to the Tunguska meteorite was discovered by the author in a sample of the ant hill, located to the east of the southern marshes between the hills and Bervert Perch. Glass has been called Tunguska number 1.
And what is interesting. Silicate analysis (Table 1) samples that are attributable to the Tunguska phenomenon (unfortunately, the glass Kulik no data on the chemical composition) showed a high degree of similarity between samples, not only themselves but also with ordinary white bottle ... glass!
Table 1
It would seem that opponents of LA Kulik can celebrate ...
But the silicate analysis - not only of the possible. Tunguska number 1 in another way has not been tested, but the Community of West African study was the content of trace elements. And here is the difference between it and the glass bottle revealed very clearly (Table 2)
Table 2
Thus, the chemical composition of the Community of West African and, in all probability, Tunguska number 1 are not man-made glass. It belongs to kanskita tektites - glass proved meteoric origin - also indicates a fluidal structure, the presence of small bubbles, conchoidal fracture, partially melted surface. Furthermore, the very location of the finds suggests that the fact that they are brought to Earth from outside.
1 fluidal, fluidal structure - (from Lat. Fluidus - fluid), the structure of rocks, characterized by potokoobraznym arrangement of crystals or microlites bulk, envelopes phenocrysts - large crystals or mineral grains that stand out in the rock with its size and shape. (Editor's Note .)
But there is one significant fact, pointing to a single - extraterrestrial - the nature and kanksita tunguskita. It is the presence in glasses and in the soils of the disaster area strimerglasov - skeletal remains of primitive extraterrestrial marine animals and, importantly, in both samples strimerglasy morphologically similar to terrestrial spicule two marine sponges.
2 spicules (from Lat. Spiculum - tip-tip, tip), in anatomy: skeletal elements in some invertebrates, eg. sponges, echinoderms, sea squirts. (Editor's note.)
It may seem that the mention of extraterrestrial life there in the article as a sudden, too boldly. Yes, it was shown that strimerglasy brought to Earth from space, yes, they are very similar to sponge spicules, conodonts, radiolarians needles. But so soon to declare that the remains of alien creatures ...
What gives the researcher reason to make such a conclusion?
The problem of sodium
Table 1 shows that all the studied objects are composed mainly of silicon oxide and sodium - in the amount of 85%. The study of peat in the area of the Tunguska event has geochemist scientist, senior scientist MSU EM Kolesnikov to an unexpected conclusion for him: "catastrophe" layer compared with the background value greatly enriched silicon - to 100-fold, and in particular alkali metals, in particular, sodium - 800 times! Combining these data mean that we know with high reliability bulk composition of the Tunguska meteorite, highlighting what is important for us now, we can say briefly: there was a lot of sodium!
So, wanting to classify the Tunguska meteorite, we should look for a class of celestial bodies, also contain large amounts of sodium.
Search for a long time is not necessary. Such bodies are known - this is a comet.
When approaching comet to the Sun closer than 0.7 of the radius of Earth's orbit, their spectra appear bright line of sodium. These comets are Halley's Comet, Rent-Rolanat 1956, S/2006 P1 McNaught and Comet in 1882 and 1965., And at the famous comet Hale-Bopp was observed even pure sodium tail.
But not only the spectra of comets indicate the presence of sodium in their nuclei. Natural to assume that the comet of the same nature may fall not only on Earth but on other celestial bodies. When the radar sounding of the Moon and Mercury on their surfaces have been found localized areas that are rich in sodium and potassium, and the moon, these zones are exactly coincided with the crater ejecta, which in turn may point to the fact there falling comets.
The question arises: how can we explain such a large amount of sodium in the composition of comets? And how does this relate to strimerglasami treated as the remains of extraterrestrial organisms?
The answers give a new direction of science, developed by author and title comet Meteoritics.
Its main provisions are set out in / 1 /. Here we present one of the conclusions relating directly to the Tunguska meteorite.
Tunguska was meteoroit fragment nucleus of the comet and the eruptive 3 was a loosely coupled complex marine sediment, the gross composition close to the glass bottle, which, in the form of inclusions present vysokonatrovye tektites.
3 eruptive - (Latin eruptus ejected, igneous), in geology associated with the eruption of the volcano. (Editor's note.)
This conclusion links all the data in a single picture. Comets are generated kometoizvergayuschimi bodies. They consist of at least some of them from the sediment of the seas, which cover the surface of the body or part thereof. This explains the fact that their spectra are high in sodium and potassium - it washes out the salt water environment of these elements in igneous and sedimentary rocks and deposits on the seabed. Finally, get an explanation strimerglasy so similar to Earth's primitive skeletal remains of marine animals.
But the latter, perhaps, requires additional arguments.
Where in comets strimerglasy?
According to the comet meteoritics, comets come from the celestial bodies located in the systems of giant planets, where it is known, the flow of solar energy is negligible. Immediately the question arises: whether the animals live there in the dark depths of extraterrestrial seas? Where do they get food and energy for their livelihood?
The answer can be found on Earth.
Information from the Internet (gazeta.aif.ru): «During deep dives were open ecosystem" black smokers ", located in areas of high volcanic activity. Through fissures in the subsoil water flows, there is mixed with the magma is saturated chemical elements and heated to high temperatures, erupting from vents, "black smokers.
It would seem that life here can not exist: the pressure reaches 200 atmospheres and temperatures near the vent of the volcano + 500 ° C. Add to that the complete absence of light and oxygen, as well as the composition of a toxic "smoke" - hydrogen sulfide, methane, lead and other metals. However, life there is in full swing! In the vicinity of "black smokers" there are more than 450 species of animals, 97% of which are unknown to science. The biomass of living creatures per unit area reaches 52 kg / m 2, which is 100 thousand times higher than at similar depths in other locations. It is still not entirely clear, as in these extreme conditions, there may be hundreds of animal species. Scientists believe that the hydrothermal flora lives due to chemical reactions within organisms. The energy of chemical bonds replaced her photosynthesis. "
Do not be similar processes take place and on other celestial bodies? While we can confidently say that there are skeletal remains of comets (strimerglasy) sponges and coelenterates (see below) - but these types are most common in the vicinity of "black smokers" (with respect to those contained in / 1 / radiolarians and conodonts, that more research is needed here). This gives us grounds to assume that in the dark depths of the sea kometoizvergayuschih celestial bodies, in the absence of sunlight and oxygen, but in the presence of volcanic activity, it is possible to have developed life - such as terrestrial and near "black smokers".
Additional evidence of the plausibility of the hypothesis are described F.Yu. Siegel in his book "The substance of the universe," documented evidence of falls from the sky pieces of limestone. One piece fell on the deck of an English ship "Eysher" April 5, 1820, the other - in Sweden, April 11, 1925, the latter found the remains of marine shells and animal resembling a trilobite!
It remains to solve two cosmogonic problems: what specific celestial bodies, is located in the systems of giant planets, comets and spew reveal the mechanism of eruption (ejection) finished comet forms. The author believes that these problems, given the rapidly growing body of knowledge about the solar system, will be resolved soon.
In the meantime, using "hints" comet Meteoritics, you can try to find additional evidence in favor of the appearance of the Tunguska cosmic body.
How to search for fragments of the Tunguska meteorite
When LA Kulik got to a certain hill, he saw two dozen craters, "impossibly similar to lunar craters." He tried to find the iron meteorites in Suslov funnel. This funnel - until recently the only surveyed from this point of view - at the official level, the origin of craters due thermokarst reasons.
And only now, during the past two summers, scientists from the Research Center Troitsk Trinity 4 and 5 V. Alekseev, VF Kopeikin et al conducted a study of 13 funnels with ground penetrating radar, developed by Kopeikin. Result has been unequivocal - the funnel are the origin of a shock!
Strimerglasy jaws of Nizhny Novgorod tektites.
a) The spicules of sponges come from the capsule, the initial phase of their education. The fact that it seems as if the spicules formed in the capsule, which is moving in a body sponge provides a "stuffing" sponge spicules ... But this is only speculation. The answer to this question should give paleontologists.
b) spicules half out of the capsule.
c) A fully formed spicule.
Black smokers
4 Federal State Unitary Enterprise Russian Research Center "Trinity" - The State Scientific Center of Russian Federation 'Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research "(Editor's note.)
5 IZMIRAN - Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation. them. NV Propagation of RAS (Editor's note.)
At one time, author, studying the structural features of the tektite areas, came to the conclusion that they were formed by explosive failure of large comet fragments, which invaded into the atmosphere. From this developed an interest in the Tunguska meteorite, and then the same was first raised a question of finding the Tungus tektites. Funnels given special attention as possible to the local burial fallen fragments of the meteorite (see art. "Interplanetary tektites carriers").
Now that the impact origin of craters proved possible to give specific recommendations for the detection of comet fragments, including tektites.
Shallow drilling the bottom of the crater diameter drill as possible.
Clearing up the site in cat layer of soil around the crater radius 2R, where R - the diameter of the crater, at this site should be based on emissions of 50% of the material hopper. Here invaluable assistance can use GPR, while the top layer of soil can not remove.
Involvement of divers for research Cranberry funnel and the two major centers of the fall of the meteorite fragments in the Southern swamp identified LAKulik on the specifics of flattened forest ("TM» № 4 and 5 of 2006).
You can also use the program "Tekt", developed by the author for this purpose. It offered several search options.
Much hope for the divers, equipped with good lighting, the means to blur the bottom silt. The fact that the southern marsh is overgrown splavinoy lake with clear water, a depth of 8 m. It can be assumed that falling into the water, the fragments of the meteorite is not fragmented into small pieces. Divers may find waiting for large bluish-green tektites - it's a serious level of sensationalism ...
Of great interest also is the search for strimerglasov near the Tunguska event, which can become a real Mecca for paleontologists comets - such experts will have to appear.They fell to the ground a huge amount of cometary dust containing strimerglasy, and a small number of them have already been found. You can expect the discovery of skeletons of other types of alien marine species.
But there is another aspect that is almost fantastic. It is known that three large fragments fell in the southern marshes. They probably were a frozen together cometary rock. Frozen soil is very strong, so that we can assume that they are not destroyed until its fall.
But what if these fragments were present in the frozen organisms that could not die and breed in the Southern swamp?
Since the comet, according to the comet meteoritics are major distributors of life in the universe, it is possible that in this way on Earth suddenly, from nowhere, appeared and bred animals that have no evolutionary predecessors. After all fallen comets might be born not only in the solar system, but also in other stellar worlds.
News comet comet Meteoritics and Palaeontology
Earlier this year, and Nizhny Novgorod kanskity tektites were investigated geophysicist VA Tsel'movich by electron microprobe "Teskan Vega-2" in the Geophysical Observatory "Borok" IPE 6. They were discovered micro-and nano-sized particles of native metals: iron, nickel (as well as kamacite and taenite 7), cobalt, indicating a probable meteorite nature of objects. Thus, the fall last doubts about the extraterrestrial origin of tektites kanskitov and Nizhny Novgorod.
6 IPE - Institute of Physics of the Earth. O. Schmidt, RAS (Editor's note.)
7 Camas nickeliferous iron (with nickel content up to 9%); taenite - nickel-iron (with nickel content up to 48%). (Note vehicle).
During 2010, work continued on the identification of cometary meteorites strimerglasov. Succeeded in isolating and photograph the unique sponge strimerglasy of Nizhny Novgorod and tektites found in pumice vysokokalievyh chukreevskogo and Altaic cometary meteorites / 1 / strimerglasy coelenterates, presumably black coral. Similar strimerglasy were detected in groundwater samples from the epicenter of the Tunguska catastrophe. The high content of silicon and potassium in the cometary pumice indicates that, in contrast to terrestrial of the Coelenterata, build their skeletons out of calcium carbonate, the extraterrestrial coelenterates used to create the skeletons of compounds of silicon (SiO 2 - up to 60%), potassium (K 2 O - up to 22 %) and calcium (CaO - 11%).
Eugene Dmitriev
Strimerglasy coelenterates of chukreevskih vysokokalievyh pumices
Strimerglasy coelenterates from the Altai vysokokalievyh pumice (a) and groundwater sampling area of the Tunguska event (b)
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