Geography

Exploring Canadian Geography, Grade 9, De-streamed (CGC1W)

This course builds on learning in Grades 7 and 8 in geography. Students will explore relationships within and between Canada’s natural and human systems and how they interconnect with other parts of the world. Students will also examine environmental and economic issues, and their impact related to topics such as natural resources and industries, careers, land use and responsible development, and sustainability. In addition, students will understand the connections that diverse communities and individuals have with the physical environment and each other throughout Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit perspectives. Students will apply geographic thinking, use the geographic inquiry process, and use geospatial technologies throughout their investigations.

Prerequisite: None

Forces of Nature: Physical Processes and Disasters, Grade 11, University/College (CGF3M) 

In this course, students will explore physical processes related to the earth’s water, land, and air. They will investigate how these processes shape the planet’s natural characteristics and affect human systems, how they are involved in the creation of natural disasters, and how they influence the impacts of human disasters. Throughout the course, students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process and use spatial technologies to analyse these processes, make predictions related to natural disasters, and assess ways of responding to them.

Prerequisite: Issues in Canadian Geography, Grade 9, Academic or Applied, or Exploring Canadian Geography, Grade 9, de-streamed

Travel and Tourism: A Geographic Perspective, Grade 11, Open (CGG3O)

This course focuses on issues related to travel and tourism within and between various regions of the world. Students will investigate unique environmental, sociocultural, economic, and political characteristics of selected world regions. They will explore travel patterns and trends as well as tensions related to tourism, and will predict future tourism destinations. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including spatial technologies, to investigate the impact of the travel industry on natural environments and human communities.

Prerequisite: Issues in Canadian Geography, Grade 9, Academic or Applied, or Exploring Canadian Geography, Grade 9, de-streamed

World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, Grade 12, University (CGW4U)

In this course, students will address the challenge of creating a more sustainable and equitable world. They will explore issues involving a wide range of topics, including economic disparities, threats to the environment, globalization, human rights, and quality of life, and analyse government policies, international agreements, and individual responsibilities relating to them. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including the use of spatial technologies, to investigate these complex issues and their impacts on natural and human communities around the world.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, Grade 12, College (CGW4C)

This course explores the many difficult challenges facing Canada and the world today – challenges such as unequal access to food, water, and energy; urbanization; globalization; and meeting the needs of a growing world population while ensuring the sustainability of the natural environment. Students will explore these and other world issues from environmental, social, economic, and political perspectives, while applying the concepts of geographic thinking, the geographic inquiry process, and spatial technologies to guide and support their investigations.

Prerequisite: Issues in Canadian Geography, Grade 9, Academic or Applied, or Exploring Canadian Geography, Grade 9, de-streamed

The Environment and Resource Management, Grade 12, University/College (CGR4M)

This course investigates interactions between natural and human systems, with a particular emphasis on the impacts of human activity on ecosystems and natural processes. Students will use the geographic inquiry process, apply the concepts of geographic thinking, and employ a variety of spatial skills and technologies to analyse these impacts and propose ways of reducing them. In the course of their investigations, they will assess resource management and sustainability practices, as well as related government policies and international accords. They will also consider questions of individual responsibility and environmental stewardship as they explore ways of developing a more sustainable relationship with the environment.

Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

Living in a Sustainable World, Grade 12, Workplace (CGR4E)

This course examines the impact of human activity on the natural environment. Students will explore the use of natural spaces and resources and the effects of planning decisions and consumer choices on natural systems. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including spatial technologies, to investigate practical solutions to environmental issues, enabling them to make more sustainable decisions at home, in the workplace, and in the local community.

Prerequisite: Issues in Canadian Geography, Grade 9, Academic or Applied, or Exploring Canadian Geography, Grade 9, de-streamed

History

Canadian History since World War I, Grade 10, Academic (CHC2D)

This course explores social, economic, and political developments and events and their impact on the lives of different individuals, groups, and communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities, in Canada since 1914. Students will examine the role of conflict and cooperation in Canadian society, Canada’s evolving role within the global community, and the impact of various individuals, organizations, and events on identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada. Students will develop an understanding of some of the political developments and government policies that have had a lasting impact on First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities. They will develop their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating key issues and events in Canadian history since 1914.

Note: This course description reflects the revisions that have been made to the history courses as part of Ontario’s curriculum strategy in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action numbers 62 and 63.

Prerequisite: None

Canadian History since World War I, Grade 10, Applied (CHC2P)

This course focuses on the social context of historical developments and events and how they have affected the lives of people in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities, since 1914. Students will explore interactions between various communities in Canada as well as contributions of individuals and groups to heritage and identities in Canada. Students will develop an understanding of some key political developments and government policies that have had an impact on First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities. They will develop their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating the continuing relevance of historical developments and how they have helped shape communities in present-day Canada.

Note: This course description reflects the revisions that have been made to the history courses as part of Ontario’s curriculum strategy in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action numbers 62 and 63.

Prerequisite: None

World History to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College (CHW3M)

This course explores the history of various societies and civilizations around the world, from earliest times to around 1500 CE. Students will investigate a range of factors that contributed to the rise, success, and decline of various ancient and pre-modern societies throughout the world and will examine life in and the cultural and political legacy of these societies. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating social, political, and economic structures and historical forces at work in various societies and in different historical eras.

Prerequisite: Canadian History since World War I, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

World History since the Fifteenth Century, Grade 12, University (CHY4U)

This course traces major developments and events in world history since approximately 1450. Students will explore social, economic, and political changes, the historical roots of contemporary issues, and the role of conflict and cooperation in global interrelationships. They will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, as they investigate key issues and ideas and assess societal progress or decline in world history.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

World History since the Fifteenth Century, Grade 12, College (CHY4C)

This course explores key developments and events in world history since approximately 1450, with a focus on interactions within and between various regions. Students will examine social, economic, and political developments and how they have affected different peoples. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating key turning points in world history and historical forces that have shaped our world.

Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

Law

Understanding Canadian Law, Grade 11, University/College (CLU3M)

This course explores Canadian law, with a focus on legal issues that are relevant to the lives of people in Canada. Students will gain an understanding of laws relating to rights and freedoms in Canada; our legal system; and family, contract, employment, tort, and criminal law. Students will develop legal reasoning skills and will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process when investigating a range of legal issues and formulating and communicating informed opinions about them.

Prerequisite: Canadian History since World War I, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

Understanding Canadian Law in Everyday Life, Grade 11, Workplace (CLU3E)

This course enables students to develop a practical understanding of laws that affect the everyday lives of people in Canada, including their own lives. Students will gain an understanding of the need for laws, and of their rights, freedoms, and responsibilities under Canadian law. Topics include laws relating to marriage, the workplace, cyberbullying, and criminal offences. Students will begin to develop legal reasoning skills and will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process when investigating legal issues that are relevant to life in Canada today.

Prerequisite: Canadian History since World War I, Grade 10, Academic or Applied, or the locally developed compulsory course (LDCC) in Canadian history

Canadian and International Law, Grade 12, University (CLN4U)

This course explores a range of contemporary legal issues and how they are addressed in both Canadian and international law. Students will develop an understanding of the principles of Canadian and international law and of issues related to human rights and freedoms, conflict resolution, and criminal, environmental, and workplace law, both in Canada and internationally. Students will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process, and will develop legal reasoning skills, when investigating these and other issues in both Canadian and international contexts.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

Legal Studies, Grade 12, College (CLN4C)

This course provides a foundation for students who wish to pursue a career that requires an understanding of law. Students will explore the importance of law, analysing contemporary legal issues and their relevance to daily life. They will investigate the requirements for various law-related careers as well as legal responsibilities in the workplace. Students will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process to investigate their rights and responsibilities, legal processes and structures, and the role of law in a changing society.

Prerequisite: Civics and Citizenship, Grade 10, Open

Politics

Civics and Citizenship, Grade 10, Open (CHV2O) 

This course explores rights and responsibilities associated with being an active citizen in a democratic society. Students will explore issues of civic importance and the influence of social media, while developing their understanding of the role of civic engagement and of political processes in the local, national, and/or global community. Students will apply the concepts of political thinking and the political inquiry process to investigate, and express informed opinions about, a range of political issues and developments that are both of significance in today’s world and of personal interest to them. This course also includes learning on digital literacy and critical-thinking skills, the mechanisms of government, Indigenous governance systems and structures, the historical foundations of the rights and freedoms we enjoy in Canada, ways in which government policy affects individuals’ lives and the economy, and ways for students to serve their communities.

Prerequisite: None