Winds
Winds are caused by air moving from high pressure to low pressure areas. They increase in speed with altitude. Winds can affect the stability and movement of an aircraft.
Coriolis effect: makes things (like planes or currents of air) traveling long distances around Earth appear to move at a curve as opposed to a straight line
Factors that affect wind are local terrain, mountains, hills, smooth/rough surfaces, bodies water, buildings.
Convective currents are the most common turbulence you will encounter during flight. Rising current of air from earth’s surface.
Squall line: a narrow band of high winds and storms associated with a cold front
Image Source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/coriolis-effect/
Anabatic Winds: also called upslope wind, local air current that blows up a hill or mountain slope facing the Sun. During the day, the Sun heats such a slope (and the air over it) faster than it does the adjacent atmosphere over a valley or a plain at the same altitude.
Katabatic Winds: also called downslope wind, or gravity wind, wind that blows down a slope because of gravity. It occurs at night, when the highlands radiate heat and are cooled. Dangerous for RPAS flight.
Leeward side of a mountain faces away from the wind, sheltered from prevailing winds by hills and mountains.
Windward side of a mountain faces the prevailing, or trade, winds, whereas the island's leeward side faces away from the wind, sheltered from prevailing winds by hills and mountains.
Image Source: https://www.nepalminute.com/detail/1839/an-old-nepal-cloud-avalanche-video-goes-viral-again
Image Source: https://geography.name/leeward-and-windward/