What were the similarities and differences among the goals of the imperial colonizers?
How did the colonizers goals shape social and political development as well as their relationships with native populations?
(A) Why did the Spanish implement the encomienda system? Were the native populations the only source of Spanish labor?
Encomienda system
New Spain
Establishment of Santa Fe (1610)
How were the British colonies similar and different? (environment, economic, cultural, demographic)
(A) What made the Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies prosperous, and how did they do it?
Middle Passage
Indentured servants
(C) What was the middle colonies’ economy like? Why did those colonies attract a more diverse range of European migrants? How did they handle religion?
Maryland Toleration Act Doc
William Penn
Quakers
Religious toleration
“middle way”
Ethnic diversity
“bread-basket colonies”
(D) How did a plantation economy develop in the southernmost colonies? What were the cultural effects of the plantation economy?
Rice as cash crop in Georgia and the Carolinas
Sugar as cash crop in Barbados
Slave codes
Gullah
Ring-shout
Spirituals
How did competition over resources lead to industry and trade?
Why did competition over resources lead to conflict in the Americas?
(A) What was triangular trade? Goods? Routes? Participants?
Triangular trade routes
Direct trade routes
Middle Passage
(B) How did continuing exchange between Europeans and American Indians lead to cultural, economic, and demographic changes?
Praying towns
Fur trade PDF
(C) Why did Europeans and Indian interactions lead to both cooperation and conflict, even allying with Europeans to fight other American Indian groups?
Beaver Wars of the mid-1600s
Chickasaw Wars of the mid-1700s
King William’s War (1688-1697)
Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)
King George’s War (1744-1748)
(D) How did the growing mistrust between European leaders and colonists lead to issues regarding territorial disputes, frontier defense, self-rule, and trade?
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Revocation of Massachusetts’ charter
Navigation Acts / smuggling,
Protests against the Dominion of New England
(E) What were the causes of Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War)? (land, resources, and political boundaries)
King Philip’s War (1675-1676) PDF
Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1610-1640s)
Pequot War (1636-1637)
(F) What were the effects of the Pueblo Revolt?
Pueblo Revolt (1680)
How did transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges lead to changes in colonial political and cultural attitudes as the colonies became increasingly tied to Britain and one another?
(A) What were the causes and effects of the spread of European Enlightenment ideas? What were the causes and effects of the First Great Awakening?
First Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
“new lights vs. old lights”
Enlightenment - John Locke
(B) How did intercolonial commercial ties, the emergence of a transAtlantic print culture, and the spread of Protestant evangelicalism lead to the colonies becoming Anglicized over time?
Anglicization
Republicanism
Salutary neglect
Trial of John Peter Zenger
(C) How did conflicts with indians and colonists cause Britain to struggle to bring the colonies under an imperial structure?
Mercantilism
Board of Trade
Navigation Act of the 1660s Doc Link
Dominion of New England
Wool Act of 1699
Molasses Act of 1733
(D) What experiences did the colonists draw on to resist the British imperial control?
Widespread smuggling
Dominion of New England / Edmond Andros
First Great Awakening (J. Edwards & G. Whitefield)
John Locke
How did the economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the colonies impact the system of slave labor that developed?
(A) To what degree did British colonial regions participate in the slave trade?
Triangular trade
Middle Passage Link
Plantation agriculture
(B) Why were slave codes enforced in the southern colonies where chattel slavery was the dominant system of labor?
Barbados slave code
Stono Rebellion of 1739 Link
NYC slave revolt of 1741
(C) How did Africans use overt and covert means of resisting the dehumanizing aspects of slavery and maintain their family and gender systems, culture, and religion?
Salve Resistance and Revolts PDF
Work slowdowns
Runaway slaves
NYC slave revolt (1711)
Stono Rebellion (1739)