HUMAN ANATOMY

 INTRODUCTION 

The Human Anatomy High School Supplemental SEEd standards explore the structure, function, and interactions of tissues, organs, and organ systems found in humans.  Students develop and use models to illustrate anatomical structures and regions of the hu- man body. Students construct explanations of how the integumentary, skeletal and muscular systems make support, protection, and movement possible. Students analyze and interpret data to understand how the endocrine and nervous systems make information processing possible. Students ask questions about the relationships between the cardio- vascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems. Students obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the male and female reproductive systems that make conception, development, and birth of human life possible. 

Strand HUMA.1: ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE HUMAN BODY

The anatomical structures of the human body have a specific orientation and location. The size of the body’s structures fulfill different functions.  

Standard HUMA.1.1     Develop and use models to demonstrate the orientation of anatomical structures and regions of the human body. Emphasize how size, orientation, and location within the human body supports the function of the anatomical structures.   

Standard HUMA.1.2     Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how the scale, proportion, and quantity of different body structures affects their functions within the human body. Emphasize the roles of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. 

Strand HUMA.2: INTEGUMENTARY, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

The integumentary system plays an important role in protection, eliminating waste products, and regulating body temperature. The skeletal system provides the body with movement, protection, and support. The muscular system also provides the body with movement and support. The integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems work together to provide the body with support, protection, and movement.  

Standard HUMA.2.1     Construct an explanation about the relationship between the structures of the integumentary system and their role in protection, eliminating waste products, and regulating body temperature.  

Standard HUMA.2.2     Develop and use models to relate the structure of the skeletal system to its functional role in movement, protection, and support.  

Standard HUMA.2.3     Plan and carry out an investigation to determine the cause and effect relationship between structures of the muscular system and their role in movement and support.   

Standard HUMA.2.4     Engage in argument from evidence about how the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems make support, protection, and movement possible. Emphasize the homeostatic mechanisms, as well as the effects of and responses to nutrition, aging, diseases, and disorders.

Strand HUMA.3: ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS

The nervous system is the body’s means of information processing. The endocrine system regulates the physical and chemical processes of the body. The endocrine and nervous systems work together to help the body process information.  

Standard HUMA.3.1     Plan and carry out an investigation to determine how the structures of the nervous system support the function of information processing (detection, interpretation, and response) within the body.   

Standard HUMA.3.2     Analyze and interpret data to explain how the hormones of the endocrine system regulate physical and chemical processes to maintain a stable internal environment, support general health, and promote growth and development throughout the lifespan. Emphasize both positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Examples of feedback mechanisms could be heart rate, blood sugar, childbirth, temperature, and growth.   

Standard HUMA.3.3     Construct an explanation about how the cause and effect relationship of the endocrine and nervous systems makes information processing (detection, interpretation and response) possible. Emphasize homeostatic mechanisms and their effects and responses to nutrition, aging, diseases, and disorders. 

Strand HUMA.4: CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, AND URINARY SYSTEMS 

The cardiovascular and respiratory system help the body obtain oxygen, transport nutrients, and remove waste. The digestive and urinary systems help the body obtain nutrients and eliminate waste. The cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems are interdependent yet responsive to each other. Measurements of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems processes can indicate the relative health of the body.  

Standard HUMA.4.1     Analyze and interpret data to identify patterns that explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems obtain oxygen, transport nutrients, and remove waste.   

Standard HUMA.4.2     Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the relationship between the structure and function of the digestive and urinary systems as they utilize matter to derive energy and eliminate waste.   

Standard HUMA.4.3     Ask questions to construct an explanation about the interdependence of the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems. Emphasize homeostatic mechanisms, as well as the effects of and responses to nutrition, aging, diseases, and disorders.   

Standard HUMA.4.4     Use mathematics and computational thinking to design a device which measures the exchange of matter and energy used by the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems to determine health of those systems and to prevent potential health issues. Define the problem, identify criteria and constraints, develop possible solutions using models, analyze data to make improvements from iteratively testing solutions, and optimize a solution. Examples of measurements could include caloric input to the digestive system, respiratory gas output, respiratory rates, respiratory volumes, digestive rates, heat lost by urine output, blood pressure, and heart rate

Strand HUMA.5: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM’S ROLE IN THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANS 

The reproductive system produces the structures needed to produce egg and sperm, fertilization, and the development of offspring. Human embryos progress through different stages of growth and development supported by the reproductive system.  

Standard HUMA.5.1     Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how the structures of the male and female reproductive system provide a stable yet changing environment to allow for the production of egg and sperm, fertilization, implantation, and the development of human fetus. Emphasize the role of hormones in the male and female reproductive process.   

Standard HUMA.5.2     Develop and use models to describe the stability and change in the stages of human embryology and gestation, including fertilization and embryo and embryo and fetal development. Emphasize the embryological changes through the different stages of development.   

Standard HUMA.5.3     Ask questions about how the reproductive system uses matter and energy to make growth and development possible. Emphasize homeostatic mechanisms, as well as the effects of and responses to nutrition, aging, diseases, and disorders.