Post Concussion Syndrome (PCS)
Post-concussion syndrome, also known as post concussive syndrome or PCS, is a varying set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or occasionally a year or more after a concussion. It is not known what causes PCS and why some people who suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) later develop PCS while others do not. However, certain risk factors have been identified; for example, preexisting medical or psychological conditions, expectations of disability, gender, and older age all increase the chances that someone will suffer PCS. A diagnosis may be made when symptoms resulting from concussion last for more than three months after the injury.The condition is associated with wide range of symptoms: physical, such as headache; cognitive, such as difficulty concentrating; and emotional/behavioral, such as irritability.
Though there is no treatment for PCS, the symptoms can be treated; medications and physical and behavioral therapy may be used, and individuals can be educated about symptoms and provided with the expectation of recovery. The majority of PCS cases resolve after a period of time.It is important to remember that athletes suffering from PCS are still considered to be suffering from a concussion, and must refrain from activity that aggravates the condition. Athletes suffering from PCS will not be cleared to play until they are symptom free, have been medically cleared by a neurologist, and successfully complete the return to play criteria.