Biochemistry
Unit Study Guide
Module 6, Lesson 2: Chemical Reactions
Know the definitions of the following vocabulary terms: chemical reactions, reactants, products, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme and substrate
Know the role of enzymes in the chemical reactions that take place in living organisms
Be prepared to differentiate enzyme/no enzyme energy diagrams
Given a diagram, be prepared to identify the following: enzyme, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex and product(s)
List and explain factors that affect enzyme activity
Module 6, Lesson 4
Know the number of covalent bonds Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus can form
Be able to differentiate between the chemical formula of a molecule and its structural formula
Model the structural formulas of biological molecules with physical atomic model pieces
Explain what an isomer is and provide an example
Identify the following functional groups within molecules: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino and phosphate
Know the chemical formula for glucose, fructose and galactose and how they differ structurally
Differentiate between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides by structure and function
Know the different types of polysaccharides (in plants and animals) and the function of these polysaccharides
Know the differences between monomers and polymers.
Explain how a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) works.
Know the structure of fatty acids and glycerol
Differentiate phospholipids from triglycerides by structure and function
Explain the differences between saturated, unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the difference between an Omega 3 fatty acid and an Omega 6 fatty acid
Explain how hydrolysis works
Know the basic roles (jobs) of proteins.
Know the monomers that form proteins, how many different monomers exist and how many we must consume through food.
Know the basic structure of an amino acid
Know the 4 three-dimensional structures of proteins, this involves the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.
Know the total number of amino acids needed to make all proteins in the body.
Know the difference between a complete protein and an incomplete protein
Know how amino acids bond with each other AND the name of those bonds
Explain how an enzyme works and identify the enzyme, substrate, active site, enzyme-substrate complex and products if given an illustrated depiction of an enzymatic reaction
Identify environmental conditions that can cause the denaturation of a protein/enzyme
Explain how denaturation can impact the functioning of an enzyme
Explain how the concentration of substrate OR the concentration of enzyme can influence the overall rate of enzymatic reactivity
Differentiate enzyme reaction graphs for pH, temperature, substrate/enzyme concentration
Be prepared to answer questions about Claire and the Gizmo STEM case.
Know the components (parts) of a nucleotide
Know the structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA
Know the nucleotide pairing combinations of DNA
Know the structure and function of ATP
Monday 12/18/2023
Today's Focus:
Catalase Labs Review / Nucleic Acids / Biomolecules Review
Bell Question
With your partners:
Determine the monomers that are released from foods when your body digests, through hydrolysis, di and polysaccharides, triglycerides, phospholipids and proteins.
Can you also identify the monomers of nucleic acids?
Identify the type of molecule that can break down these polymers.
Discuss the actual problem that Claire faced and the solution to her problem.
Today's In-class Tasks
Today we will discuss the results to the Honors Enzyme Denaturation Lab and the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity lab
In doing so we will discuss the slides from the Proteins lecture notes that pertain to factors that impact enzyme activity
We will then briefly discuss nucleic Acids. Here is the link to my Lipids and Nucleic Acid Lecture Notes
The remainder of the block will be spent preparing for the unit test.
Assignment(s):
Finish reading and taking notes on Module 6, Lesson 2 - Chemical Reactions
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
Prepare for the test that will be given on Wednesday, 12/20.
The study guide above is final.
Supportive Media
Image 1: Stomach, Pancreas & Gall Bladder
Image 2: Pancreas & Small Intestine
Image 3: Lactose Free Milk
Image 4: Lactose
Video 1: DNA vs RNA, Amoeba Sisters
Thursday 12/14/2023
Today's Focus:
Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity
Bell Question
You will be handed a copy of the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity lab sheet.
Read through the Background Information and Procedures.
Today's In-class Tasks
Students will complete the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity lab sheet
Class Data will be collected in a shared spreadsheet, given in Google Classroom
Any time remaining in the block will be spent working on the Enzymes STEM case in Gizmos
Assignment(s):
Answer the questions on the last page of the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity lab sheet
Complete the Enzymes STEM case in Gizmos
Read and take notes on Module 6, Lesson 2 - Chemical Reactions
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
Prepare for the test that will be given on Wednesday, 12/20.
The study guide above is final.
Supportive Media
Tuesday 12/12/2023
Focus: Protein Structure and Enzymes
Bell Question:
Thought Question: Why do egg whites turn white and solid when cooked?
Today's In-Class/Remote Class Tasks:
We will go over Protein Structure and enzymes; I am including my lecture notes on Proteins
After we finish discussing proteins, students will complete the Honors Enzyme Denaturation Lab
This lab will NOT be submitted today but will be submitted after our last enzyme lab
Assignments
Finish reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life.
Begin Reading and taking notes on Module 6, Lesson 2 - Chemical Reactions
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
Supportive Media
Proteins lecture notes
Friday 12/8/2023
Today's Focus: Lipids / Amino Acids & Proteins
Bell Question
Take out your What is a lipid? packet and finish the last 2 pages, if not done already
Today's In-class Tasks
We will start class by reviewing the JSMol Lipids assignment
We will then go over the last 2 pages of the What is a lipid? packet and review final points in my Lipids and Nucleic Acid Lecuture Notes
We will discuss the Amino Acids and Proteins. I am providing you with my the Proteins & Enzymes Lecture notes.
Io our discussion we will go over the basic structure of amino acids, the monomers of proteins, and students will complete the Amino Acids Breakdown worksheet.
From the molecular parts box students will remove the pieces listed below Once pieces are removed, each group will construct 2 amino acids, each with a different color R group.
4 black (C)
8 white (H)
4 blue (O)
2 purple (N)
2 green/yellow/red, you pick (R)
If time permits students will start the homework assignment . Student should go to the Bioman - Enzymatic webpage
Work through the "What are Enzymes", "Specificity", "Experiments", and "Quiz" (I know the games are stupid BUT you will get an understanding of the job of enzymes!)
Then click "Go to Score Sheet," TYPE YOUR NAME on the score sheet and take a screen shot of this page. I am not sure if the Screen Shot button works as I could not get it to work. YOU MUST HAVE A SCORE OF 90% OR HIGHER. If not, do it again.
You will need to submit your screen shot to Google Classroom
Assignment(s):
Complete the Bioman - Enzymatic and submit the screenshot to Google Classroom.
Continue reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
The remainder of the unit will be done using Cornell Notes
If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
Take the test in the library by 2:15 on Friday, 12/8 (2:15 is the end time and not the beginning time)
If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students
Supportive Media
Wednesday 12/6/2023
Today's Focus: Lipids
Bell Question
Pick-up a What is a lipid? packet from the podium
Read Part A, pages 1 - 4. Do NOT start Part B.
Today's In-class Tasks
We will start class by reviewing the JSMol Carbohydrate assignment, due last class and returned in Google Classroom
We will then use the What is a lipid? packet to go over different types of lipids.
We will also use the molecular model pieces to build a triglyceride and a phospholipid
We will finish with a video on Lipids.
If time permits we will do a nutritional label activity on fats
Assignment(s):
Continue reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
The remainder of the unit will be done using Cornell Notes
If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
Take the test in the library by 2:15 on Friday, 12/8 (2:15 is the end time and not the beginning time)
If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students
Supportive Media
Video 1: For the Love of Lipids
Image 1: Glycerol
Image 2: Fatty Acid (Butyric Acid)
Monday 12/4/2023
Today's Focus: Carbohydrates
Bell Question
Take out your Carbohydrate Modeling Lab handout
Today's In-class Tasks
We will start the class by looking over the Chemistry of Life test.
We will discuss the answers to the Carbohydrate Modeling Activity
I will share the answers to the Carbohydrates JSMol Activity after I look over papers
I will then lecture on the origins and usage of carbohydrates. Here is the link to my Carbohydrate Lecture Notes
It is expected you take additional notes
Students will then be given the What is a lipid? worksheet and we will begin to work through parts of this worksheet.
The remainder of this worksheet is NOT homework.
Assignment(s):
Complete the Lipids JSmol activity, given in Google Classroom
Continue reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
The remainder of the unit will be done using Cornell Notes
If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
Take the test in the library by 2:15 on Friday, 12/8 (2:15 is the end time and not the beginning time)
If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students
Supportive Media
Thursday 11/30/2023
Today's Focus: Carbohydrates
Bell Question
Open this JSmol webpage on Glucose, it takes a minute or so.
We will discuss how to use this JSmol site.
You will need to be able to navigate the models and site in order to complete your homework
Today's In-class Tasks
We begin a dry lab with molecular models. Follow the directions on the Carbohydrate Modeling Lab handout. Answer all questions on the handout.
The handout indicates that oxygen should be represented by red pieces. NOT CORRECT. Oxygen should be represented by the small, blue piece that has two posts
BUILD THE THREE MONOSACCHARIDES ON PAGE 2.
WITH YOUR GLUCOSE & FRUCTOSE MODELS, BUILD A DISACCHARIDE (PAGE 3)
The short videos below will help you with #11, on page 3
MAKE 3 GLUCOSE MOLECULES AND BUILD A POLYSACCHARIDE (PAGE 4)
Once finished with the model lab, students are to start the homework.
Assignment(s):
Complete the Carbohydrate JSmol activity, given in Google Classroom
Continue reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
The remainder of the unit will be done using Cornell Notes
Supportive Media
Tuesday 11/28/2023
Today's Focus:
Carbon Compounds & Carbohydrates
Bell Question
Open the Carbon Molecules handout in Kami, it was given to you in Google Classroom.
Today's In-class Tasks
We will start class by changing seats/groups
We will then use the molecular model kits and the Carbon Molecules handout; follow the directions of the teacher.
We will also discuss functional groups. You will need to know all of the functional groups in this Functional Group Chart
If time permits, we will begin a dry lab with molecular models. Follow the directions on the Carbohydrate Modeling Lab handout. Answer all questions on the handout.
The short videos below will help you with #11
Assignment(s):
Begin reading and taking notes on Module 6 - Lesson 4, The Building Blocks of Life
For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take OUTLINE style notes
The remainder of the unit will be done using Cornell Notes