Biochemistry

Unit Study Guide

Module 6, Lesson 2: Chemical Reactions

Know the definitions of the following vocabulary terms: chemical reactions, reactants, products, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme and substrate

Module 6, Lesson 4

Know the number of covalent bonds Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus can form
Be able to differentiate between the chemical formula of a molecule and its structural formula
Model the structural formulas of biological molecules with physical atomic model pieces
Explain what an isomer is and provide an example
Identify the following functional groups within molecules: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino and phosphate
Know the chemical formula for glucose, fructose and galactose and how they differ structurally
Differentiate between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides by structure and function
Know the different types of polysaccharides (in plants and animals) and the function of these polysaccharides
Know the differences between monomers and polymers.
Explain how a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) works.
Explain how a hydrolysis reaction works.
Know the structure of fatty acids and glycerol
Differentiate phospholipids from triglycerides by structure and function
Explain the differences between saturated, unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the difference between an Omega 3 fatty acid and an Omega 6 fatty acid
Know the basic roles (jobs) of proteins.
Know the monomers that form proteins, how many different monomers exist and how many we must consume through food.
Know the basic structure of an amino acid
Know the 4 three-dimensional structures of proteins, this involves the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.
Know the total number of amino acids needed to make all proteins in the body.
Know the difference between a complete protein and an incomplete protein
Know how amino acids bond with each other AND the name of those bonds
Explain how an enzyme works and identify the enzyme, substrate, active site, enzyme-substrate complex and products if given an illustrated depiction of an enzymatic reaction

Monday 1/5/2026

Focus: Protein Structure and Factors that Cause Denaturation in Enzymes

Bell Question:

You will be given a physical copy of the Enzyme Activity Bell Question; complete both sides of the handout.

Today's In-Class/Remote Class Tasks:

We will review protein structure and the function of enzymes as we discuss the Bell Question.
1. - I will refer back to my Proteins & Enzymes Lecture notes during the review.
After we finish discussing proteins, students will complete the Honors Enzyme Denaturation Lab
1. - This lab will NOT be submitted today but will be submitted after we complete our next lab, the Varied Substrate Concentration Lab.

Assignment(s):

1. Read and take notes on Module 6, Lesson 2 - Chemical Reactions
  1. - For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take CORNELL style notes
2. A unit test is approaching: we still have a few concepts to cover but the Study Guide above is complete.

Monday 12/21/2025

Today's Focus: Enzymes

Bell Question

1. Open the Carbohydrates, Lipids & Health assignment.
  1. - Check your answers with those in the Answer KEY
    - Discuss the following two questions with your group
2. What is the connection between carbohydrates, glycemic index, insulin, glycogen and fats?
3. LDL can be considered a delivery truck and HDL can be considered a garbage truck, why? How do these comparisons relate to the roles of HDL and LDL?

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We will discuss the answers to the Bell Question
2. We will then discuss the function and structure of enzymes. We will cover the enzyme portion of the Proteins & Enzymes Lecture notes.
3. Students will then start the homework assignment . Student should go to the Bioman - Enzymatic webpage
  1. - - Work through the "What are Enzymes", "Specificity", "Experiments", and "Quiz" (I know the games are stupid BUT you will get an understanding of the job of enzymes!)
        Then click "Go to Score Sheet," TYPE YOUR NAME on the score sheet and take a screen shot of this page. I am not sure if the Screen Shot button works as I could not get it to work. YOU MUST HAVE A SCORE OF 90% OR HIGHER. If not, do it again.
        You will need to submit your screen shot to Google Classroom

Assignment(s):

1. If not finished with the Bioman assignment, do such
2. Review the study guide and go over the concepts we have discussed in class. Add to your notes if you can.
3. If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
  1. - have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
    - email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
    - Take the test in my classroom, any block of the day.
      - Re-take must be taken before the Holiday Break
    - If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students

Supportive Media

Image 1: Role of Insulin

Image 2: Lipoprotein Example

Thursday 12/18/2025

Today's Focus: Enzymes

Bell Question

1. No Bell Question

Today's In-class Tasks

1. Watch the Amoeba Sisters video on enzymes, included below.
  1. - Complete the video recap handout that will be distributed during class.
2. Go to Gizmos and open the Enzymes STEM Case
  1. - Work through the Scenario, Handbook and Lab
    - Make sure you take your time answering questions as your score will reflect how many questions you answered correctly.

Assignment(s):

1. If not finished with the Enzymes STEM Case, do such
2. Review the study guide and go over the concepts we have discussed in class. Add to your notes if you can.
3. If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
  1. - have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
    - email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
    - Take the test in my classroom, any block of the day.
      - Re-take must be taken before the Holiday Break
    - If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students

Supportive Media

Video 1: Amoeba Sisters, Enzymes

Tuesday 12/16/2025

Today's Focus: Lipids & Proteins

Bell Question

1. Complete Part B of the What is a lipid? worksheet.

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We will discuss the answer to the What is a lipid? worksheet and go over the answers to the Lipids JSmol assignment
2. We will then discuss the Amino Acids and Proteins. I am providing you with my the Proteins & Enzymes Lecture notes.
  1. - Io our discussion we will go over the basic structure of amino acids, the monomers of proteins, and students will complete the Amino Acids Breakdown worksheet.
      - From the molecular parts box students will remove the pieces listed below Once pieces are removed, each group will construct 2 amino acids, each with a different color R group.
        4 black (C)
        8 white (H)
        4 blue (O)
        2 purple (N)
        2 green/yellow/red, you pick (R)

Assignment(s):

1. Complete the Carbohydrates, Lipids and Health assignment, this is due on Thursday, 12/18.
2. Review the study guide and go over the concepts we have discussed in class. Add to your notes if you can.
3. If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
  1. - have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
    - email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
    - Take the test in my classroom, any block of the day.
      - Re-take must be taken before the Holiday Break
    - If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students

Supportive Media

Friday 12/12/2025

Today's Focus: Lipids

Bell Question

1. Image 1 illustrates the structural formulas for the polysaccharides we discussed last class. How do the polysaccharides differ from each other?.
  1. - Open your JSmol Carbohydrates Assignment, it should help with this question.

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We will discuss the answer to the Bell Question and JSmol Carbohydrates Assignment.
2. We will then discuss lipids and work through the What is a lipid? worksheet.
3. Afterwards we will watch the video below on students will get started on the homework

Assignment(s):

1. Begin working on the Carbohydrates, Lipids and Health assignment, this is due on Thursday, 12/18.
2. Review the study guide and go over the concepts we have discussed in class. Add to your notes if you can.
3. If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
  1. - have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
    - email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
    - Take the test in my classroom, any block of the day.
      - Re-take must be taken before the Holiday Break
    - If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students

Supportive Media

Image 1: Polysaccharides

Video 1: Lipids

Wednesday 12/10/2025

Today's Focus: Carbohydrates & Lipids

Bell Question

1. No Bell Question, we will go over the Chemistry of Life Unit Test

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We will start the class by going over Cornell style notes
2. We will then discuss the Carbohydrate Modeling Activity and the Carbohydrates JSMol Activity.
3. I will then lecture on the origins and usage of carbohydrates. Here is the link to my Carbohydrate Lecture Notes
  1. - It is expected you take additional notes
4. Students will then continue working on the What is a lipid? worksheet or begin work on the JSmol Lipids activity.

Assignment(s):

1. Complete the JSmol Lipids activity.
2. If you plan on retaking the test (max score 90% and 1 re-take per semester) you must
  1. - have taken completed notes for the unit and credited points for those notes
    - email me ( nbattagliese@rsu21.net ) to notify me of your intent
    - Take the test in my classroom, any block of the day.
      - Re-take must be taken before the Holiday Break
    - If you need help with understanding content please make arrangements with me; I am happy to work with any and all students

Supportive Media

Image 1: Class Results on the Chemistry of Life Test

Monday 12/8/25

Today's Focus: Carbohydrates

Bell Question

1. Place your notes on the podium
2. Open this JSmol webpage on Glucose, it takes a minute or so.
  1. - We will discuss how to use this JSmol site.
      1. You will need to be able to navigate the models and site in order to complete your homework

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We begin a dry lab with molecular models. Follow the directions on the Carbohydrate Modeling Lab handout. Answer all questions on the handout.
  1. 1. - The handout indicates that oxygen should be represented by red pieces. NOT CORRECT. Oxygen should be represented by the small, blue piece that has two posts
      - BUILD THE THREE MONOSACCHARIDES ON PAGE 2.
      - WITH YOUR GLUCOSE & FRUCTOSE MODELS, BUILD A DISACCHARIDE (PAGE 3)
      - The short videos below will help you with #11, on page 3
      - MAKE 3 GLUCOSE MOLECULES AND BUILD A POLYSACCHARIDE (PAGE 4)
2. Once finished with the model lab, students are to start the homework.

Assignment(s):

1. Complete the Carbohydrate JSmol activity, given in Google Classroom

Supportive Media

Thursday 12/4/2025

Today's Focus:

Carbon Compounds & Carbohydrates

Bell Question

1. Open the Carbon Molecules handout in Kami, it was given to you in Google Classroom.

Today's In-class Tasks

1. We will start class by changing seats/groups
2. We will then use the molecular model kits and the Carbon Molecules handout; follow the directions of the teacher.
3. We will also discuss functional groups. You will need to know all of the functional groups in this Functional Group Chart
4. If time permits, we will begin working through the Cornell Notes Assignment, given in Google Classroom.

Assignment(s):

1. Complete the Cornell Notes Assignment, given in Google Classroom
2. Review numbers 1 - 5 of the Study Guide make sure you understand what we covered today.

Supportive Media

Monday 1/5/2026

Today's Focus:

Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity

Bell Question

1. You will be given a Google Doc copy of the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity lab sheet.
  1. - Read through the Background Information and Procedures.

Today's In-class Tasks

1. Students will complete the Impacts of Varied Substrate Concentrations on Enzyme Activity Lab
  - - Class Data will be collected in a shared spreadsheet, given in Google Classroom

Assignment(s):

1. Read and take notes on Module 6, Lesson 2 - Chemical Reactions
  1. - For extra credit and the opportunity of a test re-take, take CORNELL style notes
2. A unit test is approaching: we still have a few concepts to cover but the Study Guide above is complete.

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