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Myasthenia Gravis - a case study

posted 29 May 2012 11:50 by Ian Seath   [ updated 29 May 2012 11:53 ]

TALISKER (Tali...)

By Tina Louise Scott

Talisker, known as Tali was a beautiful, red standard Wire Haired Dachshund who would have been nine on the 7th February 2012. Sadly we lost her on the 18th November 2011 due to the rare muscle illness Myasthenia Gravis. This is Tali’s story, the last two months of her life.

Tali was a real character, very loving, bright, had to be first at everything!, extremely loud (most of the time). She was bossy and stubborn. Tali was also very brave and special to everyone who knew her.

On the 28thSeptember 2011, I was feeding Tali and our two Italian Spinonis Luna and Paolo. I fed Tali separately in the hallway as she would eat her food and try and eat Paolo’s given half the chance!. So they were separated by a baby gate. This particular teatime as they were all eating I heard this strange scratting noise on the wooden floor in the hallway. When I looked to see what it was, Tali was unable to keep upright on her back legs. They just went from under her, she was trying to get herself upright, but she couldn’t. Then she went off her front legs and she was also arching her back. I knew this wasn’t normal so I 'phoned our vet (who were twenty/thirty minutes away depending on traffic and the time of day). We got an appointment and my son Cameron came with me.

Once at the Vet's, she was examined and at this point she was turning her nose to the side in a very strange involuntary way. She also was doing the strange things with her legs again. Tali also made a strange noise from her throat, it was like she was going to be sick but also sounded like a strange growl. The vet gave her an anti-inflammatory injection and we were told to crate her overnight and take her back first thing in the morning.

Next morning she just wasn’t walking properly. She would walk a few feet and lie down, she’d also do a strange movement like a puppet . Shuffling from side to side, her gait was completely different and she also looked very stiff in her legs. The vet decided to keep her in overnight so she could monitor her.

The following morning we got a call to collect Tali and take her to a specialist referral practice. Tali was seen by a Neurologist who examined her in front of me and my husband and then took her away for about twenty minutes. When the vet came back with Tali she said she thought Tali had all the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis. For those of you who have never heard of Myasthenia Gravis (I’ll refer to it as MG), it is a rare Neuromuscular disease and there are two forms of it. The first is from birth and a dog or a person (as people can have the illness too) are lacking in the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. The other is in adults, where there is a destruction by the dog's own immune system to the receptors making it an autoimmune disorder. The dogs have a weak Oesophagus (megaesophagus) which means food is inhaled and not moved into the stomach appropriately. This then can cause the risk of the dog inhaling food causing aspiration pneumonia.

I knew something about MG as, when I was a teenager, I was very ill and was tested for it. The Vet said she would keep Tali in over the weekend and do various tests. We kissed Tali goodbye and thought that at least we would find out the reason for Tali’s awful symptoms.

The referral practice has an excellent reputation, it has some of the best Vets in the country, Europe and beyond. It is a very busy practice and they have very strict rules about 'phoning them. We appreciated their rules, but it soon became apparent that you had to wait for them to 'phone you and on the Saturday we hadn’t heard from anyone by 4.30 p.m. (virtually a full day without any news of Tali) so I decided to 'phone them. I got a very “stroppy” receptionist on the other end of the 'phone and sadly this was the start of a very disastrous experience for us, but mostly for Tali.

I was put through to a Vet who was just someone on call that weekend who was looking after Tali, they told me they didn’t think it was Neurological and they thought it was more Orthopaedic. We couldn’t believe it! We had looked after one of our Bernese Mountain Dogs years before with a Neurological condition and Tali was definitely showing Neurological symptoms.

On the Sunday we were told Tali was put on a drip as they have a lot of Dachshunds that ”become Anorexic“ while they’re in there! I was outraged by this comment and felt very worried that Tali was there. Monday morning Tali had an x-ray on her elbows and we were told she had incongruent elbows, which was “in the breed” but that’s all they came up with. The Vet I spoke to said we could pick her up the following lunchtime (it couldn’t have come soon enough for us to bring Tali home).

The next morning I got a 'phone call from an Orthopaedic Vet saying she wasn’t happy with the way Tali was and she wanted to keep Tali in one more day, take her off all the pain relief they had her on and look at her again! We weren’t happy at all with this, but felt they were the “experts”.

The next day at lunchtime we went to get Tali, when we saw her we were really shocked. Her face was gaunt and looked haunted. She had lost 1.9 kg in five days! She went to the loo in front of us and she had diarrhoea which looked like it had blood in it. I said to the Vet I wasn’t happy and she said it was nerves! I said that we’d nearly lost Tali a few years previously due to her haemorrhaging due to Metacam. They had been giving her Metacam (we didn’t know) and they even were going to send her home with Metacam! We were really not impressed at all, I was so upset. Tali looked so weak and ill. It was heartbreaking to see her.

Next day Tali was so unwell we took her back to our vet's and got a referral to a specialist Vet's practice called North West Surgeons. They have various Vets who specialised in certain fields. We had taken Tali to see a wonderful Orthopaedic surgeon Mr Eandil Maddock eighteen months previously and he had done a Cruciate operation on Tali and the care she had received had been excellent. We saw Eandil again and as soon as he saw Tali he said she was showing all the signs of MG! We told him that the previous Neurological Vet had thought she had MG but never tested her for it!. Eandil said that he would do the blood test for it and the Tensilon test (chemical test) and would also do various other tests. The only place in the world where a test for MG is done is in America, it usually takes two weeks to do.

On the 11th October Tali had various blood tests done, one of them was for MG. On the 13th, Tali was taken in for the day under general anaesthetic and had fluid taken from her joints and she also had muscle conducting tests. On the 18th Tali was deteriorating and we took her to see Eandil and he kept her for a few days. Also on this day I received an email from Ian Seath (Sunsong) and he had got an email from the Wire Haired Club as I’d sent them an email asking if they’d ever heard of a Dachshund having Tali’s symptoms. Ian sent me a very nice email saying to 'phone him and his wife Sue as they had an article about a Dachshund that sadly seemed to have the symptoms of MG but definitely had the Megaesophagus. On the 20th Tali was due to have an MRI scan in the afternoon, however at lunchtime we got a 'phone call from Eandil to say the MG test had come back and it was positive! In one way I was so relieved, we knew at last what was causing Tali’s horrific and cruel symptoms. In another way we were furious, angry and in disbelief that the original specialist vet had thought Tali had MG but decided not to test her. We just couldn’t believe it. Eandil said the MRI wasn’t necessary and he would start treatment the next day. We picked Tali up on the 24thand although she was still weak she was much perkier in herself and was so happy to see us and we her. Tali would now be looked after by Lauren Lacorcia a Vet in Internal Medicines. Lauren had seen a few cases of MG so she knew exactly how to look after Tali and administer the drugs.

Initially when we brought Tali home she was just the same in herself, she would walk a few paces become very tired easily and we’d pick her up if she was in the garden and couldn’t get back. Around the home she found she could walk so far then we’d pick her up and put her on the sofa or whatever. Paolo (our boy Spinoni couldn’t understand at first why Tali could no longer play with him....but one day she did manage a bit of a play for a few minutes and it was really a wonderful moment). The dosage of drugs had to upped every few days and this would upset her stomach and cause diarrhoea for a day or two. It was lucky I don’t work and could care for her and she did need a lot of TLC and also that she was a small dog that could be easily picked up.

On the 13th November Tali was making the awful sound with her throat in the early hours, and coughing up white phlegm. We got her to the Vet's and it was just so sad to watch her cough up this stuff so many times and be so exhausted. The Vet kept her in and later in the morning she had her Oesophagus x-rayed and we were told the awful news that Tali had now developed the megaesophagus. It was the most awful thing to be told as things were now looking very bleak. We brought her home on the Wednesday but she was back in on the Thursday with a urine infection.

The next morning Tali looked different in her face, she was very heavy eyed. I 'phoned Rebecca (the Vet) and we had a long chat about letting Tali go.....I was crying on the 'phone about her but knew in my heart it wouldn’t be long. We all sat with Tali on the sofa for a few hours but then she had a drink of water and couldn’t keep that down so we 'phoned Rebecca again and she said it was time to let her go......it was heartbreaking for us, but very quick and peaceful for Tali.

The loss of Tali has been immense, we miss her so much and the house is a much quieter place without her. I did write a letter to the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and complained about the original referral Vet. We were, and still are, appalled by the whole situation. As you might expect we didn’t get a satisfactory response from the RCVS.

We are still coming to terms with Tali’s loss, but we have to be grateful for our vets, and especially Eandil Maddock and all the vets who looked after Tali at North West Surgeons. They are all dedicated and care so much.....not just for the pets but the owners too.....it is a very special place. Also,the support and kindness from Ian (Seath) and his wife Sue.

We have many wonderful memories of Tali, various holidays in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall. Tali just mooching in the garden looking for frogs and mice!. Tali was very special and she will always be with us.....


More information on Myasthenia Gravis, UC Davis and Megaesophagus.

Dachs-Life 2012 First Report

posted 14 May 2012 13:02 by Ian Seath   [ updated 15 May 2012 11:11 ]

The first report on our Dachs-Life 2012 Health Survey is now available here and as a pdf download, here.

Summary and Conclusions:


Dachs-Life 2012 has been really well-supported by UK Dachshund owners and the Breed Council’s Health and Welfare Sub-committee would like to express our gratitude to everyone who has participated.  The survey has confirmed many of our current priorities are valid and has identified some new areas where we will need to carry out further work.

Although we cannot report an average age of death from a large sample of Dachshunds in this survey, the Median age of death here was 11.8 years (compared with 12.8 in the KC 2004 survey - 245 deaths).  The current age profile of dogs in the Dachs-Life Survey was very similar to that in the 2004 survey, so it would be reasonable to assume that the breed’s median age of death is still around the 12 year mark.  We should encourage more people to report the death of their Dachshund on our on-line Health Reporting site so that we can build more data on age and cause of death.

There are a number of age related conditions highlighted in the survey (dental disease, deafness, cataracts, arthritis) which should not concern us particularly as they are part of the natural ageing process and are to be expected.
  1. Back Disease is the number one issue we need to address and our research programme with the Animal Health Trust is a key part of that.
    1. The prevalence of back problems in dogs over the age of 5, particularly in the Smooth, Mini Smooth and Mini Wire varieties is a particular concern.
    2. The fact that the other three varieties have lower rates of back disease is encouraging and may help provide a DNA differentiator which will be of use to us.
  2. Heart Disease in Standard Wires is an issue that is significantly more prevalent than in the other varieties.  It may be sensible to reinstate the WHDC Cardiac Screening programme.
  3. Epilepsy in Mini Longs is significantly more prevalent than in any of the other varieties.  This has been mentioned anecdotally, but we now have quantified evidence of a problem that needs to be investigated further.
    1. The previous worries about Epilepsy in Wires appears no longer to be a concern.
  4. Lafora Disease in Mini Wires is already being addressed by the WHDC Screening Programme and will continue to be a priority until we can be confident that Affected puppies are no longer being bred.
  5. All the Miniature varieties suffer from eye diseases to a greater extent than the Standards.  Clinical eye testing (preferably annually) should become the norm for all six varieties.
    1. A research programme into Distichiasis in Mini Longs is currently being planned.
  6. Compared with many other breeds, cancer is not a major issue in Dachshunds.  Mammary Tumours are the only form of cancer highlighted in our survey and it may be useful to investigate this further to identify age of onset and the impact of spaying.
  7. It was interesting to note a small number of cases of Patellar Luxation in the Miniature Smooth and Miniature Long varieties which may also be worth investigating further with a research screening exercise using the established Putnam 1968 method (which does not require anaesthesia).


Further reports will be produced with additional levels of analysis and a summary of the survey responses on Behaviour and Temperament.

Genome-Wide Association Study in Dachshund: Identification of a Major Locus Affecting Intervertebral Disc Calcification

posted 5 May 2012 11:28 by Ian Seath

Abstract from Journal of Heredity:

Intervertebral disc calcification and herniation commonly affects Dachshund where the predisposition is caused by an early onset degenerative process resulting in disc calcification. A continuous spectrum of disc degeneration is seen within and among dog breeds, suggesting a multifactorial etiology. The number of calcified discs at 2 years of age determined by a radiographic evaluation is a good indicator of the severity of disc degeneration and thus serves as a measure for the risk of developing intervertebral disc herniation. The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with intervertebral disc calcification in Dachshund through a genome-wide association (GWA) study. Based on thorough radiographic examinations, 48 cases with ≥6 disc calcifications or surgically treated for disc herniation and 46 controls with 0–1 disc calcifications were identified. GWA using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip identified a locus on chromosome 12 from 36.8 to 38.6 Mb with 36 markers reaching genome-wide significance (Pgenome = 0.00001–0.026). This study suggests that a major locus on chromosome 12 harbors genetic variations affecting the development of intervertebral disc calcification in Dachshund.

Read the full article here.

Breeding with Carriers

posted 3 May 2012 10:53 by Ian Seath   [ updated 3 May 2012 11:27 ]

Dr. Cathryn Mellersh of the Animal Health Trust has kindly given us permission to publish her article "Breeding with Carriers" which is available in our Breed Health Information Library.

Her advice is "Carriers should always be included in the first one to two generations that follow the launch of a DNA test for a Recessive mutation, regardless of the frequency of the mutation, to give breeders the opportunity to capture desirable traits before they start to select for dogs that are clear of the mutation".

Read the full article.


Disease prevalence data from the OFA (USA)

posted 16 Apr 2012 11:01 by Ian Seath

The Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) has several databases of diseases, two of which include results for Dachshunds.  Their disease prevalence data are as follows:

 Cardiac Disease   1.1%
 Patellar Luxation   5.3%

The OFA site also lists DNA tests available for Dachshunds:
  • Narcolepsy
  • Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
  • cord1 PRA
  • Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Of these, only cord1 PRA is recognised in the UK as being of significance to our Dachshunds.

Disease prevalence data from 2004 KC Health Survey

posted 6 Apr 2012 12:29 by Ian Seath

We have revisited the KC's Health Survey of Dachshunds from 2004 to see what data might be suitable for comparisons with the results of Dachs-Life 2012.
The Table below shows the health condition categories reported in 509 live dogs from the survey and their calculated prevalence.  It is important to note that each category comprises multiple conditions, so for example, "Neurologic" includes IVDD and Epilepsy.

Total Dogs509

No. ReportsPrevalence %
Reproductive5811%
Neurologic357%
Dermatologic316%
Cardiac265%
Dental265%
Ocular245%
Musculoskeletal204%
Respiratory153%
Urologic112%
Gastrointestinal102%
Endocrine92%
Unknown82%
Immune Mediated61%
Benign Neoplasia41%
Cancer41%
Behaviour20%
Hepatic20%
Aural10%
Trauma10%
Other10%
Cerebral Vascular





Total: 294

Dachshund owners show their support for health improvement: Press Release

posted 5 Apr 2012 08:23 by Ian Seath

The Dachshund Breed Council's Dachs-Life 2012 Health Survey asked owners to track the health of their dogs between January 1st and March 31st 2012. One week after the end of the survey over 1000 health reports have been recorded.

Roger Sainsbury BVM&S, MRCVS is Chairman of the Breed Council's Health and Welfare Sub-committee. He said: “The 2004 Kennel Club Breed Health Survey and our current on-line survey tool are very useful sources of health data, but with knowledge of the population that the dogs in these surveys come from, the data goes into a different league. This is why Dachs-Life 2012 asks for information on all healthy Dachshunds too – this will allow us to see just how common any health conditions really are.”

Ian Seath, Chairman of the Breed Council, said: “We have worked really hard to encourage a wide range of UK Dachshund owners to participate in Dachs-Life 2012 and have received responses from owners of single pets, to 20+ reports from some of our leading breeders/exhibitors. It looks like we will have data from at least twice as many dogs as in the KC's 2004 survey (509 dogs) and we would like to thank everyone who has contributed so far. Dachs-Life 2012 is a key part of our Breed Health Improvement Strategy, along with education of breeders and judges to ensure Dachshunds are bred and shown fit, healthy and with sound temperaments.”

Dachs-Life 2012 is already providing some interesting insights into Dachshund health, for example the prevalence of back disease is approx. 6% which is significantly lower than the 20-25% rates typically reported in veterinary research papers. More than 8 out of 10 owners describe their Dachshund as always or often “Outgoing and Friendly” and fewer than 1 in 20 have had problems house-training their Dachshund. It is hoped that an initial report on the survey results will be available at the Breed Conference to be held on April 22nd.


Surveys can be submitted on-line at: http://kwiksurveys.com/?u=DachsLife2012 and the closing date for receipt of surveys is 15th April.


A huge "thank you" to the Kennel Club Charitable Trust

posted 29 Mar 2012 13:08 by Ian Seath

Today we have received the second instalment of the KC Charitable Trust's donation towards our Mini Wire Dachshund Lafora Screening Programme. Together with the £24,000 donated by Breed Clubs we are in a strong position to support the research and screening programme over the next 12-18 months.

To take part in the screening programme, e-mail the Coordinator: Nora Price

For information on the disease and coping with an affected dog, visit the Lafora Dogs Support Group

Video of Alfie - Lafora dog


Judging the Dachshund - a health and welfare perspective

posted 25 Mar 2012 08:27 by Ian Seath

The Breed Council’s Health and Welfare Sub-committee has issued a short guide for Dachshund judges which highlights aspects of the Breed Standard where judges should be aware of potential health and welfare issues.

The conformation of the Dachshund needs to be understood in context in order to assess any risks of exaggeration.  The short-leg gene is a naturally occurring modification to the genetic make-up of the dog which appeared about ten thousand years ago.   Short legs particularly suited these dogs for certain types of hunting and the Dachshund breeds evolved from them.

Those of us who live with Dachshunds know that they are generally healthy, long-lived and active dogs who, despite their conformation, will happily take as much exercise as their owner is willing to give them. As a breed community we keep the health status of the breed under constant surveillance and we are committed to taking action, on the basis of evidence, to ensure the breed’s health is not compromised as a consequence of exaggeration.

The show ring should be a place where we are proud to demonstrate how fit, healthy and temperamentally sound they are and “Fit for Purpose”.

This guide for judges should be read in conjunction with the Breed Standard to explain what they should expect to find when examining a healthy Dachshund in the show ring.

Neither the Breed Council, nor the Kennel Club expects judges to apply the knowledge or level of diagnosis that a vet would be capable of. We do expect judges to be knowledgeable about the anatomy and sound movement of the Dachshund and, as experienced dog owners, to be able to recognise potential health and welfare issues in the ring AND ACT ACCORDINGLY.

Lafora News Update 9th March 2012

posted 13 Mar 2012 12:28 by Ian Seath

The following has been posted on the WHDC website...

As you’ll be aware the Canadian Lafora Research Team have requested a set of blood and saliva samples plus pedigrees from within the group of dogs that had previously been submitted for testing by Centogene. The reason for this is that they are hoping to perfect a saliva test by comparing results from a new testing procedure with their proven blood test, which they have recently reinstated. The WHDC Lafora Sub-Committee has been made aware of rumours/misinformation circulating and felt it was important to set the story straight. 

How was the sample group selected?

Because the Lafora Sub-Committee is extremely aware of the huge frustration amongst owners awaiting test results due to the delays caused by the Centogene situation, it was agreed that this initial blood sample testing stage should be completed quickly in order that we could get back on track as soon as possible. We were already aware of a small group of breeders and owners who had offered, if/when the blood test was reinstated, to bring their dogs to one central location where a single vet could collect both blood and saliva samples. The cohort of dogs chosen includes dogs that are known to be Affected, those deduced to be Carriers by pedigree analysis and some we hope will be Clear (again from pedigree analysis).   We appreciate the offers from several breeders to have their dogs included in this research trial and we now have a sample of dogs that meets the requirements on the Canadian lab. 

When will the sample testing be complete?

The Canadian Laboratory has requested that saliva samples are taken using a specific brand of testing kit which they have used successfully previously. These have been ordered in sufficient bulk to test the first sample batch and any other dogs from the full test group that may need testing. These are currently being shipped, special delivery, direct from a Canadian medical supplies company. The intention is that the blood sampling of the 35 dogs will take place on 21st March and the Canadian Team have indicated that the results should be available approximately 3 weeks later. 

What will the costs be for future testing and will there be an impact on the number of dogs that can be tested under the UK Lafora Testing Programme?

The intention has always been that funds contributed by the various breed clubs and the Kennel Club Charitable Trust would be used to subsidise the research and testing of as many dogs as possible within the 2 year period of the Lafora Testing Programme. The primary reason why the Centogene saliva carrier/clear testing was initially selected was a: it was offered at a cheaper price than the Canadian team were offering the same test; b: saliva sampling is cheaper and more convenient for owners to use than bloods c: the Canadian carrier/clear blood test was not then available and they had requested £24,000 in order to reinstate it , and d: as a research Lab, the Canadians originally said they couldn’t provide certification, but Centogene as a testing lab could. The Kennel Club indicated that they would require certificates to consider making the Lafora testing a requirement for their Assured Breeder Scheme. 

Affected/Unaffected Test Prices

The Canadian team has not yet given us a price for the affected/unaffected test as they wish to see if they can perfect the Clear/Carrier test first. We are working on the assumption that a Canadian Affected/Unaffected saliva test will cost the same as in 2010 (i.e. £80, with owners paying £50). 

Carrier/Clear Test Prices

If the Canadians perfect the carrier/clear saliva test, we hope that the price will be within a similar range to that quoted by Centogene (i.e. £120), although we are still awaiting confirmation. 

If the Canadians succeed in identifying Carriers from saliva, those people awaiting results from Centogene will instead have their tests completed in Canada (at no extra cost). If we can only identify Carriers by blood tests, not everyone will need to have this done; it depends on the known status of parents/offspring - for some, an affected/unaffected saliva test will be adequate. In either case, the Canadians have now indicated that they can provide certification. 


There have been some rumours circulating that the carrier/clear blood test may cost as much as £250. We would like to make it clear that we are still awaiting confirmation of a final price from Canada for this blood-based test. For the initial sample group of dogs, the Canadians are charging the Lafora Testing Programme £160 per dog, plus the cost of kits (£10), shipping and vets fees (one vet). We anticipate that when tests are done in greater bulk, the charge per dog is unlikely to be higher, hopefully significantly less. Again, it is anticipated that the Lafora research fund will be used to subsidise the fee charged to owners, although they will have to meet their own vet fees for taking the bloods. 

The decision on the level of subsidy will be a balance between making the test as affordable as possible and maximizing the number of tests that can be subsidised over the 2 year funding period. 

Will my dog be eligible for subsidised testing in Canada? 

All dogs that have been submitted for testing so far will be eligible to take advantage of the subsidised testing programme in Canada, although as explained above not all dogs will need retesting. Saliva swabs are still being accepted. These will be tested, along with those remaining from the German programme, as soon as the initial research with the blood/saliva is completed by Canada.

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