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Illness Severity

In 2009 Asher et al proposed a Generic Illness Severity Index for Dogs [GISID] (Note: 1). The scale was based on similar severity indices from human medicine and comprises four dimensions, each of which is scored on a five-point scale:

  • Prognosis – to reflect whether the disease is chronic or acute
  • Treatment – to include factors related to the medical, surgical and side-effects of treatment
  • Complications – to show the potential for other impacts associated with treatment
  • Behaviour – to show the effect on the dog's quality of life

 Generic Illness Severity Index for dogs (GISID):

 Prognosis

       
Short isolated bout and return to normal Medium length isolated bout or successive short bouts and return to normal Extended bout and return to normal or successive short bouts and minor long-term impairments  Unremitting or chronic illness or bout(s) with major long-term impairment  Imminent death as a direct result of condition or condition-related euthanasia 
 0      1  2  3  4
         

 Treatment

       

None required or not necessary as minimal impact on health

 

Medical - immediate curative &/or Surgical - single curative surgery

Side effects - none or very minor, short-term

Medical - short-term curative or medium-term manageable &/or Surgical - single curative intracavity surgery/ repeated minor surgery

Side effects - minor

 

Medical - long-term curative or long-term manageable &/or Surgical - deep intracavity surgery/ repeated minor surgery

Side effects -manageable pain or moderate 

None available or Medical - prolonged palliative treatment &/or Surgical - major deep intracavity surgery 

Side effects - chronic intractable pain or major

 0  1  2  3  4
         

 Complications

       
No linked disorders  Predisposition to minor secondary condition  Predisposition to moderate secondary condition  Predisposition to major secondary condition  Predisposition to catastrophic secondary condition 
 0  1  2  3  4
         

 Behaviour

       
  •  Maintenance
  •  Ingestion
  •  Elimination
  •  Social
  •  Locomotion
None of the above disturbed  One of the above disturbed  Two of the above disturbed  Three of the above disturbed  Four or more of the above disturbed 
 0  1  2  3  4
 
Source: Asher et al 2009: Inherited Conditions in Pedigree Dogs Part 1.
 
By scoring a disease against each of the four scales, the severity of different conditions can be compared.

In their two Research Papers (Notes: 1 & 2), Asher et al report minimum and maximum GISID scores for a range of conditions they had reviewed from the published literature. Some of their research highlighted conditions reported in Dachshunds, but other conditions were not specifically highlighted in the breed. It is important to note that their research only took data reported against MSHDs and MLHDs. We have summarised the minimum and maximum GISID scores for diseases reported in their papers.

The Table below shows disease conditions sorted by GISID score, from highest to lowest, taking the “Maximum” scores for each condition. Conditions in Yellow were specifically reported against Dachshunds in the source Research Papers. Those in green were not specifically reported for Dachshunds, but there is no reason to believe their severity would be significantly different if they had been for Dachshunds rather than other breeds. The order of the conditions would have been virtually the same had the list been sorted on Minimum GISID score.  To view the disease conditions in alphabetical order, click on the "Sorted by Disease" link at the bottom of the list.

The list of diseases below should not be taken to mean these conditions are prevalent in UK Dachshunds.  It is simply presented as an order of Severity.

GISID Data

The report (Asher et al) also attempts to summarise prevalence information, but concludes that there is very little available, or those data which do exist may be biased. 

Using the GISID data together with our knowledge of the prevalence of conditions in Dachshunds we can refine our Health Plan priorities.


Note 1: Inherited Conditions in pedigree dogs. Part 1. Asher, Diesel, Summers, McGreevy & Collins. Veterinary Journal 182 (2009) 402-411

Note 2: Inherited Conditions in pedigree dogs. Part 2. Asher, Diesel, Summers, McGreevy & Collins. Veterinary Journal 183 (2009) 39-45