By the late 1800s, European countries were competing to get at the great riches of Africa’s natural resources. In 1882, Belgian King Leopold II founded a company called the International Association of the Congo. Its goal was to exploit the rubber and mineral lands along the Congo River. The company controllers forced the native population to do the work. European missionaries who went to the Congo to teach Christianity were appalled by the company’s activities.
The following excerpt is from the journal entry by the missionary A. E. Scrivener describes the brutality that the Africans faced at the hands of the company owners:
Under the present régime a list is kept of all the people. Every town is known and visited at stated intervals. Those stationed near the posts are required to do the various tasks, such as the bringing in of timber and other material. A little payment is made, but that it is in any respect an equivalent it would be absurd to suppose. The people are regarded as the property of the State for any purpose for which they may be needed. That they have any desires of their own, or any plans worth carrying out in connection with their own lives, would create a smile among the officials. It is one continual grind, and the native intercourse between one district and another in the old style is practically non-existent. Only the roads to and fro from the various posts are kept open, and large tracts of country are abandoned to the wild beasts. The white man himself told me that you could walk on for five days in one direction, and not see a single village or a single human being. And this where formerly there was a big tribe! ...
From thence on to the Lake we found the road more and more swampy. Leaving Mbongo on Saturday (29th) we passed through miles of deserted villages, and saw at varying distances many signs of the former inhabitants...Leaving the plain, we...followed for three-quarters of an hour the course of a fast-flowing, swollen stream. Then for half an hour through some deserted gardens and amongst the ruins of a number of villages, then a sharp turn to the left through another low-lying bit of grassland ...