Shatapatha-Accents
Mādhyandina-Śatapatha-Brahmaṇa 13.5.1.18
मा॒ नो मित्रो व॒रुणो अर्य॒मायुरि॒ति
mā̱ no mitro va̱ruṇo arya̱māyuri̱ti
mā́ no mitró váruṇo aryamā̀yúríty... (Titus)
Mādhyandina-Vājasaneyi-Saṁhitā 25.24
मा नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो अर्य॒मायुरिन्द्र॑...
mā no̍ mi̱tro varu̍ṇo arya̱māyurindra̍...
mā́ no mitró váruṇo aryamā́yúríndra... (Titus)
Mādhyandina-Vājasaneyi-Padapāṭha:
मा। नः॒। मि॒त्रः। वरु॑णः। अ॒र्य॒मा। आ॒युः। इन्द्रः॑।
mā | na̱ḥ | mi̱traḥ | varu̍ṇaḥ | a̱rya̱mā | ā̱yuḥ | indra̍ḥ |
mā́ | naḥ | mitráḥ | váruṇaḥ | aryamā́ | āyúḥ | índraḥ |
Notes:
1. Anudātta ( ॒ ) and udātta (not marked) are the 2 accents in the Śatapatha-Brahmaṇa (ŚB).
2. Anudātta ( ॒ ), udātta (not marked) and svarita ( ॑ ) are the 3 accents in the Vājasaneyi-Saṁhitā (VS).
3. The udātta of VS becomes anudātta in ŚB. If two or more udāttas follow each other then the last udātta only becomes the anudātta in ŚB. Ex.: (see above) mā́ => mā̱
4. The independent svarita of VS {jātya, abhinihita, kṣaipra, praśliṣṭa} is shown as the anudātta of the previous syllable in ŚB. Ex.: MVS 1.20 dhānyàmasi => MŚB 1.2.1.18 dhā̱nyamasi; Ex.: MVS 2.21 vedò si => MŚB 1.2.9.23 ve̱do si; Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa; Ex.: MVS 6.5 divī̀va => MŚB 3.7.1.18 di̱vīva
5.Other praśliṣṭa svaritas which appear in the ŚB only (see Bhāṣika Sūtra 1.5-9,11) are shown as the anudātta of the previous syllable. Ex.: (see above) aryamā̀yúríti => arya̱māyuri̱ti; Ex.: MŚB 14.4.2.24 sá naìvá => sa̱ naiva̱
6. The Bhāṣika-Sūtra ( bhASika sUtra, Bhashika Sutra) of Maharṣi Kātyāyana deals with the accentuation of the Shatapatha Brāhmaṇa:
Bhāṣika-Sūtra (Devanāgarī) (Shatapatha Brahmanam - 5, page 330, Vedamu)
1.1 atha brāhmaṇa-svara-saṁskāra-niyamaḥ
1.2 dvau
2 accents: anudātta (A) and udātta (U) are found in the Brāhmaṇa.
1.3 ukto mantra-svaraḥ
3 accents: anudātta (a), udātta (u) and svarita (s) in the mantras of ŚYV.
1.4 tenātra siddham
1.5 udāttānudāttau bhāṣikas tat-saṁdhiḥ
Definition of bhāṣika (bh) 1.5-12
(bh) = (u) + (a) (prashlishta sandhi)
Ex.: MŚB 13.5.1.18 aryamā́ + āyúr íti => aryamā̀yúr íti (ā̀ is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) arya̱māyuri̱ti
Ex.: MŚB 14.4.2.24 sá ná + evá => sá naìvá (aì is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) sa̱ naiva̱
1.6 anudāttāv antareṇodāttaḥ
1.7 ā-pra-pūrva ākhyāta-paro na
except: {ā́, prá} + initial (a) of a verb
Ex.: MŚB 1.7.1.4 savitā́ prá + arpayatu => savitā́ prā́rpayatu => (1.16) savitā prā̱rpayatu
1.8 samāsaś cānākhyāta-paro 'pi na
except: {ā́, prá} + initial (a) of the second member of a compound
Ex.: MŚB 3.4.3.21 ā́-iṣṭāḥ => (1.15) e̱ṣṭāḥ
1.9 a-pūrvaś ca samāso naiva
except: á + initial (a) of the second member of a compound
Ex.: MŚB 1.7.1.4 viśvá-āyuḥ => viśvā́yuḥ => (1.15) viśvā̱yuḥ
1.10 jātyābhinihita-kṣaipra-praśliṣṭāś ca
(bh) = {jātya, abhinihita, kṣaipra, praśliṣṭa} (independend svaritas)
Ex.: MŚB 1.2.1.18 dhānyàmasi (à is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) dhā̱nyamasi
Ex.: MŚB 1.2.9.23 vedá + asi => vedò si (ò is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) ve̱do si
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hí + eṣá rása => tyásya hyèṣá rása (è is called (bh)) => (1.13,18) tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
Ex.: MŚB 3.7.1.18 diví + iva =>divī̀va (ī̀ is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) di̱vīva
1.11 uto yo mo no so ca
(bh) = o of {uto, yo, mo, no, so}
Ex.: MŚB 9.1.1.24 bhermā́ roṅ mò (ò is called (bh)) => (1.13,17) bhermā̱ ro̱ṅmo
1.12 oñ caikeṣām
1.13 udāttam etat
(bh) => (U)
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
1.14 svaritānudāttau ca
(s) => (U); (a) => (U)
1.15 udāttam anudāttam anantyam
Non-final (u) => (A)
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
1.16 antyaṁ saṁhatānām
(u)(u) => (U)(A) etc.; only the last (u) becomes (A)
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
1.17 bhāṣike cobhayeṣām
1.18 ekasyāpi
(x)(bh) => (A)(U) (x) = {(a), (u), (s)}
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
1.19 svaritasya cābhinihitatvam
1.20 teṣāṁ ca prāg uttamād anantarāṇāṁ ca kampanam
Kampana (extra-low-pitch (LA)) takes place in an (A) which precedes another (A).
(x)(bh)...(bh) => (A)...(A)(U) => (LA)...(LA)(A)(U)
Ex.: MŚB 10.5.4.4 ādityó há tú + evá + eṣáḥ + agníścitáḥ => ādityó há tvèvaìṣò'gníścitáḥ => ādityo̱ ha̱ tve̱vai̱ṣo'gni̱ścitaḥ...
1.21 udātta-pūrvasyānudāttasya ca
(u) + (a) + (bh) => (A)(A)(U) => (LA)(A)(U)
Ex.: MŚB 7.4.1.19 dyā́m utá + imā́m => dyā́mutèmā́m => dyā̱mu̱temām...
1.22 udātta-pūrvasya svaritasyāpi ca
(u) + (s) + (bh) => (A)(A)(U) => (LA)(A)(U)
Ex.: MŚB 14.5.3.5 tyásya hí +eṣá rása => tyásya hyèṣá rása => tya̱sya̱ hyeṣa ra̱sa
1.23 atrāntyasyodāttasyānudāttatām pratyeke vivadante
2.1 athākhyāta-pada-vikaraṇāḥ
2.2 arthādiḥ
2.3 pādādiḥ
2.4 hi
2.5 hanta
2.6 net
2.7 kuvit
2.8 aha
2.9 samuccaye
2.10 āmantrita-sasvaram
2.11 jijñāsitam
2.12 vicāritram
2.13 avadhāritam
2.14 yad-yogaḥ
2.15 viniyogaḥ
2.16 vākya-śeṣaḥ
2.17 anubandhaḥ
2.18 eta āṣoḍaśākṣarāt padaṁ vikurvanti
2.19 āpañca-viṁśād iti bhāradvājaḥ
2.20 ādvātriṁśād ity aupaśibiḥ
2.21 āmaryādāsthoḥ padayor bahūnāṁ ca pūrva-padaṁ vikriyate
2.22 sarvāṇīty aupaśibiḥ
3.1 viniyoge tu pūrva-padam
3.2 jijñāsitayoś ca
3.3 anantar-hitayoś ca
3.4 vicārita-samuccitayoś ca
3.5 nirvacane 'nūbandho vākya-śeṣo 'vadhyarthaś cāvadhāraṇo na vikuruta iti bhāradvājaḥ
3.6 bhūyo-vādī varīyo-vādī kanīyo-vādī cānavadhāraṇāḥ
3.7 parisamāpty-arthaś cānyatamo hy ādīnāṁ na vikaroti
3.8 yama-padayoḥ svarādyor alpa-svarataraṁ prakṛtyā
3.9 svarādy-asvarādyoś ca sama-mātrayoḥ pūrva-nneṣṭam iti bhāradvājaḥ
3.10 yathārthaṁ caturvidhaṁ padaṁ viparyastam
3.11 kaṇṭhya-svaro 'r ṛt-savarṇe
3.12 va-kārasya padāntasya svara-madhye lopaḥ
3.13 śeṣaṁ sāmānya-śāstrāt
3.14 akārekārokārarkāralkārā avarṇa-dhāraṇāḥ
3.15 śatapathavat tāṇḍi-bhāllavināṁ brāhmaṇa-svaraḥ
3.16 sapta sāmnām
3.17 ṣaḍja-ṛṣabha-gāndhāra-madhyama-pañcama-dhaivata-niṣādāḥ
3.18 teṣāṁ yonayaḥ
3.19 kaṇṭhāt ṣaḍjaḥ
3.20 śirasa ṛṣabhaḥ
3.21 nāsikāyā gāndhāraḥ
3.22 uraso madhyamaḥ
3.23 urasaḥ śirasaḥ kaṇṭhāc ca pañcamaḥ
3.24 dhaivato lalāṭāt
3.25 niṣādaḥ sarvata iti
3.26 mantra-svaravad brāhmaṇa-svaraś carakāṇām
3.27 teṣāṁ khāṇḍikheyaukheyānāṁ cātuḥsvaryam api kvacit
3.28 tāno 'nyeṣāṁ brāhmaṇa-svaraḥ
3.29 tāna evāṅgopāṅgānāṁ tāna evāṅgopāṅgānām iti
iti śrīman-maharṣi-kātyāyana-praṇītaṁ bhāṣika-pariśiṣṭa-sūtraṁ parisamāptam