Kampa is the swinging of the voice in the transition from an independent svarita (abhinihita, kṣaipra, praśliṣṭa and jātya svarita) to a following udātta or independent svarita.
1. Kampas in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
1.1 Long Kampas
अ॒भी॒३॒॑ममघ्न्या॑ उ॒त श्री॒णन्ति॑ धे॒नव॒ः शिशु॑म् ।
a̱bhī̱3̱̍mam aghnyā̍ u̱ta śrī̱ṇanti̍ dhe̱nava̱ḥ śiśu̍m |
a̱bhi | i̱mam | aghnyā̍ḥ | u̱ta | śrī̱ṇanti̍ | dhe̱nava̍ḥ | śiśu̍m |
abhí + imám => abhī̀mám (praśliṣṭa svarita ī̀ placed before udātta á )
In Devanāgarī the long kampa is shown with the number ३॒॑ (3̱̍ )and the preceding long ī is marked with the anudātta.
पव॑मान धि॒या हि॒तो॒३॒॑ऽभि योनिं॒ कनि॑क्रदत् ।
pava̍māna dhi̱yā hi̱to̱3̱̍ 'bhi yoni̱ṁ kani̍kradat |
pava̍māna | dhi̱yā | hi̱taḥ | a̱bhi | yoni̍m | kani̍kradat |
hitáḥ + abhí => hitò 'bhi (abhinihita svarita ò placed before udātta í )
Ṛgveda-Saṁhitā 9.71.1
आ दक्षि॑णा सृज्यते शु॒ष्म्या॒३॒॑सदं॒ वेति॑ द्रु॒हो र॒क्षस॑ः पाति॒ जागृ॑विः ।
ā dakṣi̍ṇā sṛjyate śu̱ṣmy ā̱3̱̍sada̱ṁ veti̍ dru̱ho ra̱kṣasa̍ḥ pāti̱ jāgṛ̍viḥ |
ā | dakṣi̍ṇā | sṛ̱jya̱te̱ | śu̱ṣmī | ā̱-sada̍m | veti̍ | dru̱haḥ | ra̱kṣasa̍ḥ | pā̱ti̱ | jāgṛ̍viḥ |
śuṣmī́ + āsádam => śuṣmy ā̀sádam (kṣaipra svarita ā̀ placed before udātta á)
अ॒हं द॑धामि॒ द्रवि॑णं ह॒विष्म॑ते सुप्रा॒व्ये॒३॒॑ यज॑मानाय सुन्व॒ते ॥
a̱haṁ da̍dhāmi̱ dravi̍ṇaṁ ha̱viṣma̍te suprā̱vye̱3̱̍ yaja̍mānāya sunva̱te ||
a̱ham | da̱dhā̱mi̱ | dravi̍ṇam | ha̱viṣma̍te | su̱pra̱-a̱vye̍ | yaja̍mānāya | su̱nva̱te ||
suprāvyè + yájamānāya => suprāvyè yájamānāya (jātya svarita è placed before udātta á)
1.2 Short Kampas
स नो॑ अर्षा॒भि दू॒त्यं१॒॑ त्वमिन्द्रा॑य तोशसे ।
sa no̍ arṣā̱bhi dū̱tya1̱̍ṁ tvam indrā̍ya tośase |
saḥ | na̱ḥ | a̱rṣa̱ | a̱bhi | dū̱tya̍m | tvam | indrā̍ya | to̱śa̱se̱ |
dūtyàm + tvám => dūtyàṁ tvám (jātya svarita à placed before udātta á)
In Devanāgarī the short kampa is shown with the number १॒॑ (1̱̍ ).
अ॒हं सु॑वे पि॒तर॑मस्य मू॒र्धन्मम॒ योनि॑र॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तः स॑मु॒द्रे ।
a̱haṁ su̍ve pi̱tara̍m asya mū̱rdhan mama̱ yoni̍r a̱psv a1̱̍ntaḥ sa̍mu̱dre |
a̱ham | su̱ve̱ | pi̱tara̍m | a̱sya̱ | mū̱rdhan | mama̍ | yoni̍ḥ | a̱p-su | a̱ntariti̍ | sa̱mu̱dre |
apsú + antáḥ => apsvàntáḥ (kṣaipra svarita à placed before udātta á)
2. Kampas in the Ṛgveda-Ghanapāṭha
अ॒भी॒३॒॑ममि॒मम॒भ्य१॒॑भी॒३॒॑मम॒घ्न्या॑ अ॒घ्न्या॑ इ॒मम॒भ्य१॒॑भी॒३॒॑मम॒घ्न्या॑ः
a̱bhī̱3̱̍mami̱mama̱bhya1̱̍bhī̱3̱̍mama̱ghnyā̍ a̱ghnyā̍ i̱mama̱bhya1̱̍bhī̱3̱̍mama̱ghnyā̍ḥ
abhí + imám + imám + abhí + abhí + imám + aghnyā̀ḥ + aghnyā̀ḥ + imám + abhí + abhí + imám + aghnyā̀ḥ =>
abhī̀mám imám abhy àbhī̀mám aghnyā̀ aghnyā̀ imám abhy àbhī̀mám aghnyā̀
(praśliṣṭa svarita ī̀ placed before udātta á and kṣaipra svarita à placed before praśliṣṭa svarita ī̀ )
Final Notes
1. For a list of all kampas in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā see:
https://sites.google.com/site/detlef108/rv-statistics/rv-kampas-d (Devanāgarī)
https://sites.google.com/site/detlef108/rv-statistics/rv-kampas-t (Transliteration)
In the RV Saṁhitā 263 long and 401 short kampas are found.