The Great Historical People, Events, Workers of Culture and Science

The Great Historical People, Events, Workers of Culture and Science

The figure of Ablai Khan, an outstandung ruler, commander and diplomat, take pride of place among the galaxy of historical persons of Kazakhstan of the 18 century. Many monuments within the territory of Pavlodar region are associated with his name.

Not far from Bayanaul on the shore of Lake Sabyndykol , there is a beautiful place, where in 1732, according to the traditions of ancestors, Ablai was lifted up on a white felt rug and proclaimed the Sultan of the Middle Zhuz. Since then, this area is called Ablaitas which is translated from Kazakh as Ablai's Rock.

In addition, there is a place Ablai Zhailauy in Maysky district of Pavlodar region. The following legend connected with a historical event has been preserved in people's memory: "Ablai and his batyrs fought the last battles with the army of Chinese-Jurchen people on the Irtysh River's bank from the direction of town of Aksu, from where they invaded Kazakh lands. One spring, Sultan Ablai arrived at the nomad encampment of Shabanbai having honorably met Ablai and his batyrs, immediately ordered to prepare food and shelter for them. In addition Shabanbai gave 500 bluish-black horses to Ablai's warriors ."

The Noiza tract, located in 15 km. south-east of Tokhta village within the territory of Irtysh district, is one of the key places of the Kazakh-Dzungarian confrontation in Priirtyshye. Ablai took direct particioation in the campaihns and the struggle of the Kazakh for the Priirtyshye steppes, and he stopped to rest in this natural boundary with his army. According to the legend, Murat, a famous bai in Priirtyshye, gave top quality war horses to Ablai Khan.

The Kalmakkyrgan Mountains are associated as a site of the last battle, where the fate of the entire Saryarka (the Kazakh Uplands) was determined.

The are located 6-7 km. to the south-west of Akshiman village of Maysky district of Pavlodar region, which represent the low mountain range of the Saryarka. The Kalmakkyrgan Mountains, as well as other famous places (the Cairn of Kazybek Bey, the Tumulary Stone of Edige Bey and Lake Zhalauly), is a heritage site of a unique historical memory of Kazakh people, an outstanding natural monument, saturated with historical legends.

Zhasybai Batyr Omiruly was a legendary Kazakh batyr, defender of the homelend, who fought against Dzungar people. In the genealogy, his name is associated with the famous Olzhabai batyr, who was his uncle.

In the late 30s of the 18 century, detachments of the Kazakhs, led by Zhasybai batyr, displaced the Dzungars the Bayanaul Mountains. Zhasybai batyr was killed by an arrow od Dzungarian warrior. The body of Zhasybai batyr was committed to the ground on the shore of Lake Shoiyndykol. By the will of the people this lake was named Zhasybai.

The memory of the bravery of Zhasybai batyr, his courage and his leadership talent are still alive. The people venerate him for such heroism. That is why the burial place of the batyr is considered to be sacred. Zhasybai batyr's mazar is a stone cairn. In 2005, his descendants installed a memorial stone at this place.

Among sacred sites there are places of burial of other brave men and beys, contemporaries of Zhasybai batyr: the Tugel batyr Monument and the grave of Zhazy batyr in Irtysh district, the grave of Kazangap bey on the territory of Aksu town, the mausoleum of Ukibai bey in Bayanaul district.

Sultanbet Sultan was a famous Kazakh statesman of the 18 century, one of the fellow-champions of Ablai Khan and his cousin. For many years, he was the ruler of one of the uluses of the Middle Zhuz, the major territory of which is currently located within the administrative borders of Pavlodar region. He played an important role in the strengthening of the Kazakh statehood in the eastern and north-eastern regions of the Kazakh Khanate.

The reconstruction of the country-seat of the outstanding politecal figure, Sultanbet Sultan, was initiated and implemented by the Rector of Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Altynbek Nukhuly. In 2017, by the university staff members and the descendants of the Sultan his residence was renewed in accordance with descriptions and drawings obtained during archival and surce study as well as historiographic analysis.

Today, the reconstructed Sultanbet Sultan's country-seat, located in the historic part of Pavlodar, is a place frequented by residents and visitors of the city who are interested in and not indifferent to the history of Pavlodar Priirtyshye.

The history of the Kazakhs is rich in outstanding people. Among them there is Musa Shormanov (1819-1884), a colonel, the head of Bayanaul external district, a state and public figure, etnographer, folklorist and educator. He left a noticeable mark in history by describing culture and life of the Kazakhs of the Middle Zhuz. In addition to his personal services to the people, he was an uncle and spiritually close person of the first Kazakh scientist Shoqan Walikhanov.

The first Kazakh schools were opened due to his educational activities. This event gave Kazakh people a galaxy of eminent scientists and famous people of art andculture society. As far back as that time, educated Peresburg and members of the Russian Geographical Society knew the name of Musa Shormanov. In 1881, at the All-Russian Industrial Fair neld in Moscow, the exhibits of the Kazakh national applied arts and crafts were presented to the organizers of the exhibition by Musa Shormanov.

In 2018, white shell rock mausoleum was ereted on Musa Shormanov's grave which is on the bank of the Ashchisu River in the ancestral cemetery of Tendik village of Bayanaul disrict in Pavlodar region. The height of the complex is 500 square meters. This site was added to the list of sacred monuments and became a spiritual and historical complex of Pavlodar Priirtyshye.

In 2018, there was also ereted the Temirgali Nurekenov mausoleum made of a white shell rock in Yesilbai village of Shcherbakty district. He was a public and religious figure, a member of the State Duma of the Russian Empire, one of the authors of the Karkaraly Petition.

Zhayau Musa Baizhanov (1835-1929) was a famous Kazakh folk composer, akyn and singer. From an early age he was familiar with the art of singers and kyuishi who visited his native village, as well as with representatives of various schools of tolk music. He played such folk instruments as dombyra, kobyz, syrnai, masterly sang songs of folk singers.

The songs of Zhayau Musa are filled with critical observations, satire, and fables that are intertwined organically with the acute problems of society - the heavy burden of women, love of freedom, unresolved social issues ("Aksisa", "How-lau", "Tolgau", "Crying calf", "Lament of a prisoner", "Soyundyk"). In his works there is a place for both love lyrics and lyrics having social content, they are multifaceted and ideological. They are full of versatile musical palette.

The rich spiritual, musical heritage of Zhayau Musa, his influence on the formation of modern Kazakh culture was the reason for highlighting his grave as a sacred site in Pavlodar region. The grave of Zhayau Musa is located in 10 km. from Muryntal village of Bayanaul district in Pavlodar region. In 1972, over the grave of the composer there was built a tombstone in the form of a miniature yurt of 3 meter high and which is a cylindrical tombstone with a dome.

Another famous Kazakh singer-songwriter, who left an idelible mark in history of Kazakh musical art, is Zharylgapberdy Zhumabaiuly (1851-1914). He was a successor to the creative tradition of Birzhan-sala. Traveling to Kokshetau, Petropavlovsk, Omsk, he learnt the songs from the best singers and dombyra players and performed them in Bayanaul and on the Irtysh. He was famous as an excellent hunter, paluan, was a colleague and friend of Saduakas Shormanov. At an advanced age, Zharylgapberdy Zhumabaiuly made a hajj, and after that, people began to call him "Zharylgapbedy hajji".

He left a rich musical heritage benind him, for example, the compoxition "Zharylgapberdy Saryny" was recorded in 4 forms in the songbook of A. Zatayevich. This proves the high level of Kazakh musical art of the 20 century. The composer was buried 11 km. north-east of Kurkeli village of Bayanaul district. In 2012, his grave was restored, and the descendants of the singer installed a tombstone.

Mashkhue Zhusup Kopeyev (1858-1931) was a scholar, folklorist, historian, etnographer, philosopher and poet. The name that his parents gave him was Adam Zhusip. Later, when he was 8 years old, the sultan of Bayanaul district, Musa Shormanov, nicknamed him Mashkhue (which means "well-know") for his magnificent perfomance of legends, dastans, and poems. This name was subsequently fixed to him forever among the people.

Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeyev devoted his whole life to the enlightenment of his people-he taught children and youth literacy. Deep knowledge of the Arabic and Persian languages, natural gift and talent, excellent knowledge of history, customs and rites of Kazakh people inspired him to create original works that at various times were included in literary readers, textbooks and complilations of Kazakh history. M. Kopeyev was not only a poet and a writer, but also a folklorist. He left a rich heritage - due to his works it became possible to create genealogies of Kazakh families and tribes.

In 2006, a mausoleum was erected over the grave of Mashkhur Zhusup in Eskeldy tract of Zhanazhol village in Bayanaul district. Currently, the mausoleum is a place of pilgrimage for a hude number of people from differint countries, which determines the important sacrel significance of the spiritual site.

Today, the central mosque in Pavlodar bears the name of Mashkhur Zhusup. In Ekibastuz, there is a monument in his honor.

Yestai Berkimbayev (1868-1946) was a prominent composer, Honored Art Worker of the Kazakh SSR, singer, akyn and impoviser, one of the first members of the Union of Composers of Kazakhstan. When he was 20, Yestai met the geniuses of Kazakh songwriting Birzhan-sala and Akhan Sere. The great storytellers'school of arts mastery had a tremendous impact on the young singer and composer.

Yestai continued and developed advanced traditions of Kazakh folk musical art. His songs "Zhai Konyr", "Sandugash", "Duniye-ai" are distinguished by great artistic perfection, richness of intonation colors. The song "Korlan", which is based on the true story of Yestai's tragic love, brought him wide popularity.

The heritage of the akyn and composer enriched the spiritual culture and musical traditions of Kazakh people. Many of his works are of great popularity, love and glory among people. The recongnition and respect of people for the legacy of Yestai is expressed in preserving and honoring his memory.

The grave of the akyn is located in 4 km. south of Mutkenov village of Aktogai district in Pavlodar region. To date, a portal-dome mausoleum has been erected over the grave of Yestai Berkimbayev. The streets in the city of Pavlodar and in the center of Aktogay district are named after him. In 2010, the name of Yestai was given to the main City Hall of Pavlodar.

Sultanmakhmut Toraighyrov (1893-1920) was an outstanding representative of the Kazakh literature of the 20 century, a poet and democrat. His childhood was hard, learning was difficult for him, but despite all of this, in his poem of 1907 he spoke of a firm decision to become a poet. From 1913 he worked as a secretary in the editorial office of the first Kazakh journal "Aikap", where his first essays were published. In 1914, Sultanmakhmut wrote the novel "Kamar Sulu", one of the pre-revolutionary period. The writer actively developed educational and humanistic ideas and expanded the philosophical direction in Kazakh poetry.

On the 100 th anniversary of the poet's birth, a domed mausoleum was built over the grave. The poet's mausoleum is one of the frequently visited sacred sites of Bayanaul, where his descendants, pilgrims and connoisseurs of the poet's literary heritage come to pay tribute to the memory of the outstanding personality of the poet.

Today, Pavlodar Regional Scientific Library, Pavlodar State University, and streets in Pavlodar, Almaty, Nur-Sultan and other cities of Kazakhstan are named after him.

Kosym Pshenbayev (1844-1939) was one of the firs Kazakh geologists who discovered several deposits (mines of Zhamantuz, Maikoben, Kandykkarasu, Karasor, Shoptykol, Zhtltau, Maikain). The most important discovery was deposits of coal in the natural boundary of Ekibastuz. Kosym Pshenbayev found ore deposits in the footsteps of ancient miners, ore outcrops, as well as by vegetation types in a particular area.

Kosym Pshenbayev's mazar is located in 25 km. northwards from Zh. Shanin village of Kurkelinsky rural district in Bayanaul district. In 2018, a white shell rock mausoleum was ereted at his grave within the framework of the Program Rukhani Zhanghyru.