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Pigments for sale at a market stall in Goa, India.
Dan Brady - https://www.flickr.com/photos/11853009@N07/1382064216/Oil paint is ground up pigment in an oil such as linseed or safflower oil. The paint is made from a combination of
1. Pigment (the color)
2. Oil (the binder)
The oil is what gives oil paint its characteristic appearance and its qualities of easy handling. You can do many things with oil paint because of its pigment oil blend, including creating either transparent or opaque layers, wet into wet methods, and building layers on top one another. It can be applied in thinned transparent glazes or in thick, impasto strokes.
Characteristics of Oil paint?
Characteristics of Oil paint?
- Very versatile painting medium that can be easily manipulated. Butterly, creamy, sticky etc.
- The color doesn't change as it dries
- Once paint has dried, it can be over painted in many ways without changing the first layers.
- Can paint on any surface.
- Can paint with thick marks (impasto) or diluted thin layers (glazes). It can be applied either transparent or opaque.
- Naturally glossy ; Rich in color, vivid and vibrant
- It stays 'wet' for about 2 weeks - longer work time
- Easy to manipulate outdoors
Choosing A Brush
Choosing A Brush
Oil painting brushes are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and hair types. It's good to have a range of brushes. When you paint, you generally start with the bigger brushes and work your way tot he smaller brushes when you create details.
There are 4 main types of brushes used in oil painting: Rounds, Flats, Filberts, and Fans make up the most common shapes.
ROUNDS: Rounds are only round when viewed from the end, looking straight down the brush. They usually have long bristles and come to a relatively sharp point. They are generally used for detail work. Extra long, small diameter rounds are called Riggers or Liners or Scripts. They are used for making line strokes such as tree branches.
Flats: Squares come in two lengths, long and short. Short versions are usually called Brights. Flats are mostly used to lay in wide areas of color.
FILBERTS: Filbert brushes are a combination of a round and a flat. The brush is wide and flat, with a rounded tip. It makes basically the same stroke as a flat brush, but the rounded head leaves a much smoother edged finish.
FANS: Fan brushes are versatile brushes and are shaped like it sounds, in the shape of a fan. They are used as a specialty brush, mostly for blending broad areas of color. They are also useful for making grass, trees and brush leaves, and other unusual strokes.
How has the media evolved over time?
How has the media evolved over time?
15th Century
The development of oil paint as the most common medium for painting in Europe evolved slowly in the 15th century
Jan Van Eyck'The Arnolfini Marriage'1434 Oil on oak panel
17th & 18th Century
During this time, oil paint evolved to allow artists to layer translate glazes on top of one another. Artists did so by adding wax resin, drying oils and solvent.
Claude Lorraine 'Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba'1648Oil on Canvas
19th Century
Many artists rejected the constraints of academic practices and moved towards learning from nature itself. "Plein air" painting allowed artist to quickly paint outside.
Claude Monet'The Ducal Palace'1908Oil on Canvas
20th century style:
Richter considered the relationship between oil paint and the smooth, often blurred quality of photographs.
Gerhard Richter 'Betty'1988 Oil on Canvas
A review of fresco and tempera and the development of the use of oil paint by artists in Venice.
Khan Academy
Contemporary Portrait Artist
Quiz on Wednesday covers the details covered in this video. You can use notes on the quiz
Techniques
Techniques
Top 8 Oil Painting Techniques All Beginners and Professionals Should Know
Top 8 Oil Painting Techniques All Beginners and Professionals Should Know
MyMetModern.com, By Sara Barnes on February 4, 2019
Basic tools and materials usage
Basic tools and materials usage
Techniques
Techniques
Abstract Expressionist techniques
Abstract Expressionist techniques
Color field painting
Color field painting
Action painting
Action painting
Drip style painting
Drip style painting
Oil Painting Vocabulary
Oil Painting Vocabulary
TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES
Alla Prima - A painting technique, Italian for "at first" referring to an immediate application of paint. Used by Impressionists like Claude Monet and Vincent Van Gogh. This technique is also known as Wet into wet where the artist applies a layer of wet paint into a layer of wet paint.
Dry Brush – A painting technique in which a relatively dry paintbrush holds a small amount of oil paint without any medium. When you use a dry brush you need more of a scrubbing motion and it leaves a broken color effect. The dry brush has a scratchy characteristic that lacks blended smoothness. (Similar to scumbling).
Fat over lean – A painting rule that means that each succeeding layer of paint should have more ‘fat – oil’ than the preceding layer.
Glazing – A painting technique used to create Realism. A thin film of transparent oil color laid over another dried color or underpainting. The oil paint is usually mixed with an oil painting medium.
Impasto – A painting technique used to apply a thick layer of paint to create texture with heavy brush strokes or painting knife marks. Impasto makes the artwork more reflective.
Scumbling – A painting technique in which semi-opaque or opaque colors are loosely brushed over an underpainted area so that patches of the color beneath show through. (Similar to dry brush)
Sfumato – (Pronounced: sfoo-mah-toe) from the Italian word for “smoke.” Sfumato is a technique of painting in thin glazes to achieve a hazy, cloudy atmosphere, often to represent objects or landscape meant to be perceived as distant from the picture plane.
Underpainting – A painting technique used as the preliminary guide or first layer of an oil painting commonly created using a monochrome, complementary or dead color as a base for the composition.
Wet into dry - A painting technique used by applying a layer of wet paint into a layer of dry paint
TOOLS & MATERIALS
TOOLS & MATERIALS
Alkyde - A medium such as Liquin that speeds up drying time by 50% and makes the paint film more flexible.
Binder – the substance mixed with the dry pigment which holds together (binds) the pigment color and helps the paint to stick to the support. For oil paint, the binder is usually cold-pressed Linseed oil.
Brushwork – this describes the characteristic way that each artist paints. It is like your personal signature to your painting.
Gesso – traditional oil gesso is a mixture of glue (usually rabbit skin) water, and chalk (calcium carbonate) used to create a flexible, yet absorbent surface for the oil paint to be applied onto.
Solvent/Mineral spirits/Turpentine – a solvent used to thin and dilute traditional oil paint (TOXIC - to inhale)
Palette knives - a spatula-like knife used to mix paint on and clean paint off the palette and painting surface. Often used to create impasto technique.
Pigment – Pigment is the substance or powder that makes up the color of a paint. Pigments are either organic (carbon-based) or inorganic (mineral based).
Stretcher bars - the wood frame pieces of a stretched canvas
10 questions from class and video
10 questions from class and video
Workshops (click the link)
Workshops (click the link)
Resources:
"Top 8 Oil Painting Techniques All Beginners And Professionals Should Know". My Modern Met, 2019, https://mymodernmet.com/oil-painting-techniques/2/.Page updated
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