Proportion is about the relationship of the size of one element when compared to another element. Proportion is very important when drawing or painting realistically. If the proportions are incorrect, then the resulting image will look less realistic or abstracted.

Foreshortening refers to the technique of depicting an object or human body in a picture so as to produce an illusion of projection or extension in space

One of the most crucial aspects in drawing, is understanding how forms behave in different light conditions. For an artwork to look realistic, it requires the direction of the light to be consistent across all the elements in the artwork. 

The proportions used in figure drawing are:

An average person is generally 7-and-a-half heads tall (including the head).

A heroic figure, used in the heroic for the depiction of gods and superheroes, is eight-and-a-half heads tall. Most of the additional length comes from a bigger chest and longer legs.

While much of the subject matter in art has been consistent across time and geography, it is composition and style that define the differences in each art movement. Composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or 'ingredients' in a work of art. It can also be thought of as the organization of the elements of art according to the principles of design. 

Rule of thirds/golden mean video

Principles of Design video (jump to 5:38)

Composition strategies HANDOUT

FORMATIVE CLASS TASK

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