In this lesson we’ll learn how to evaluate double and triple integrals when we change from rectangular coordinates to polar or spherical coordinates.
In Module 1 we’ll review polar and spherical coordinates and also discuss what the area elements "dx dy" and "dx dy dz" look like in those coordinate systems. This will lead us to the notions of a "polar rectangle" and a "spherical wedge" that we’ll later make use of to help us evaluate double and triple integrals in polar and spherical coordinates.
In Module 2 we’ll learn how to evaluate double integrals in polar coordinates.
Finally, in Module 3 we’ll learn how to evaluate triple integrals in spherical coordinates.
Work through the lesson notes below, consulting the videos below it when you get to the "See Class Notes" boxes. For your records, the annotated lesson notes are below the videos. Some tips for you as you work through these resources:
I recommend using Cornell Notes (or a modification of it; see this video starting at the 1:05 mark) to take notes on the lesson and the videos. This note-taking method balances detail with big-picture thinking to help you summarize and retain what you are learning. See this other video for additional note-taking techniques you might want to experiment with.
If you are currently enrolled in this course with me, submit the written reflections Google Form I have emailed you after working through the lesson notes and videos. Some tips:
Submit substantive, but concise, answers to each question; you will be doing the future you a big favor by taking time now to accurately and succinctly summarize what you have learned from the lesson.
Send yourself a copy of your reflections; they will come in handy later when you start preparing for quizzes and other assessments.
If you are not currently enrolled in this course with me, those written reflections ask three reflective questions designed to help you retain what you've learned and pinpoint any remaining areas of confusion. Those questions are:
Please summarize the main mathematical takeaways from the lesson notes.
What was the most interesting part of what you learned, and why?
What, if anything, do you still find confusing?
Work through the practice problems suggested below to see how much of this lesson you've understood.