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How we are changing
How we are changing
People's lifestyle are changing more quickly than ever before. Have you noticed any of these trends in your community?
Discuss the good point and bad points of each trend. Which trends do you think are the most beneficial?
👧 Social programs are great because they encourage more people to get fit.
👦 I think many people get a better workout by themselves. They exercise more and socialize less!
VOCABULARY
workouts series of physical exercises.
strength-training exercises, such as weight lifting, that focus on making muscles stronger.
sustainably with little or no damage to the environment
pesticides chemicals used to kill unwanted insects.q
organic produce fruits and vegetables grown without the use of harmful chemicals.
resort to choose a way of doing something, when other ways have not worked.
Current trends
Current trends
Discuss with a peer. Think of a current trend in your country, community, or among people you know for as many of these areas as you can.
education / schools
nature / environment
shopping / stores
food / restaurants
health / fitness
travel / tourism
science / technology
appearance / fashion
Join another pair. Share your ideas and choose the three most significant trends. Then prepare a short presentation with a podcast for the group explaining the trends and why you think they are the most important.
👩 On trend we discussed is that a lot of people are into ecotourism lately. This is certainly an important and beneficial trend because . . .
Optional and required relative pronouns
Optional and required relative pronouns
In defining relative clauses, when the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause or it shows possession, the relative pronoun is required. When it is the object, it is usually optional.
🔘 Subjects of clause
(relative pronouns that, which, or who required)🔘 Subjects of clause
People who / that are concerned with the effects of pesticides on the environment are buying organic produce.
Social exercise programs that / which offer fun group workouts are on the rise.
🔘 Showing possession
(relative pronoun whose required) 🔘 Showing possession
More professionals whose managers allow it are opting to telecommute, or work from home.
🔘 Object of clause
(relative pronouns that, which, who or whom optional)🔘 Object of clause
Hybrid cars are an option (that / which) more people are choosing.
Some elementary schools now offer classes for children (who / whom / that) they once considered too young.
Choose the sentences in which the relative pronoun is optional. Which sentences are true for your community?
1. Young families who dream of owning a house are finding they can’t afford one.
2. The pressure that students feel to succeed in school is increasing.
3. People who used to go to theaters to watch movies now watch them at home.
4. People want exercise programs that are designed for their specific age group.
5. People are devoting more time to others who are less fortunate.
6. People are recycling many things which they would have thrown away in the past.
7. A lot of people who have grown tired of a city life are moving to the country.
8. More college students are choosing majors that they think will lead to high-paying jobs.
Antonyms with prefixes
Antonyms with prefixes
Learn how to make antonyms with prefixes and practice using them to talk about trends. (15 min)
The antonyms of these adjectives can be formed by adding the prefixes il-, im-, in-, or ir-. Write the correct prefix in front of each adjective.
___considerate
___consistent
___decisive
___logical
___mature
___proper
___responsible
___tolerant
Review
Complete each opinion with one of the antonyms you wrote.
1. “You can be 40 and still be __________ if you refuse to grow up and have the expected behavior for a person your age.”
2. “People today just don’t care about following correct rules or manners. They have such __________ behavior.”
3. “Today’s politicians are so __________. They just change their opinions and statements from one day to the next.”
4. “Selfish people are often __________ of others and don’t care about their feelings.”
5. “__________ people refuse to accept ideas and behavior different from their own.”
6. “Many accidents happen when people are __________ and don’t give careful thought to the results of their actions.”
7. “Because young people lack wisdom and reason, they often make __________ decisions”
8. “Many young people are __________ about their future and unable to choose a course of action.”
Do you agree with the opinions?
Personal changes
Personal changes
Discuss making lifestyle changes
Contemplating a change
Contemplating a change
Read about the changes these people are thinking about. Do you think they’d be happy if they made the changes? Why or why not?
Tell your group about a change you are thinking of making. Respond to each other’s ideas with advice about the changes and other suggestions.
👸 I'm thinking about changing careers and getting into fashion design.
👩 That's cool! Maybe taking online courses in fashion would be a good place to start.
public-relations (PR) job working to get people to have a good opinion of a company or organizationmaking ends meet having enough money to live onthe needy the very poor
As if, as though, as, the way, and like
As if, as though, as, the way, and like
As if as though often introduce clauses that describe impressions about feelings or behavior after verbs such as act, behave, feel, look, seem, and talk.
Still, I fell as if / as though something is missing.
As and the way introduce clauses that express a comparison.
I’m thinking of joining a volunteer program to help build houses for the needy as / the way a few of my friends have.
In informal English, the word like can be used instead of as if / as though and as / the way.
It seems as though the job was made for me!
It seems like the job was made for me!
Read these sentences to make them more formal using as if, as though, as or the way. Compare your answers with a peer. More than one answer is possible.
1. Lately, I’m trying to think more positively, like I did when I was younger.
👵Lately, I’m trying to think more positively, the way I did when I was younger.
2. My father is trying to exercise more like his doctor advised.
3. Sometimes I feel like the world is changing too fast.
4. To become a better listener, listen to people like everything they say is important.
5. My uncle needs to stop dressing like time has stood still for 20 years.
6. A friend of mine is teaching me to bake bread like they do in France.
Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. Add another sentence with your own information, and compare with a peer.
1. I feel as though I don’t have enough time to . . . cook healthy food.
2. I don’t feel the need to . . . as so many people do these days.
3. Young people today feel as though . . .
4. I wish I could still . . . the way I used to when I was younger.
5. People today would find it difficult to . . . as was necessary long ago.
6. __________________________________________________
EXPRESSIONS
Asking for more specific information
What makes you say that?
Why do you think that?
In what way(s)?
Join another pair and share your answers. Ask for more specific information and give your opinions.
👴 I really feel as if I don’t have enough time to cook healthy food.👵 What makes you say that?👴 Well, I’m so busy that there’s too little time to go food shopping and make proper meals. It’s easier just to grab fast food.When as introduces a clause expressing a comparison, subject-verb inversion can occur in affirmative sentences.
With do:
Marissa has a lot of trouble accepting change, as does Trina.
With auxiliary verbs:
Mitt has coped well with changes at work, as have his co-workers.
With modals:
Grandma would tell us stories of the old days, as would Grandpa.
With be:
Marcel is wary of technology, as is his whole family.
When both clauses have the same subject, as if and as though clauses with adjectives or past participles are frequently shortened by removing the subject and be.
Bill is talking about quitting his job, as though (he were) single and carefree.
Marvin sat motionless in front of his new media center, as if (he were) glued to the chair.
Notice that we use a past form of a verb after as if and as though when these phrases are followed by a hypothetical or unreal situation.
Bill is talking about quitting his job as though he were carefree. (He has responsibilities)
Some young people replace their gadgets every year as if they had all the money in the world.
PRACTICE 1
Combine these sentences using a clause expressing comparison with as.
1. The students at my new school welcomed me warmly. The teachers welcomed me, too.
The students at my new school welcomed me warmly, as did the teachers.
2. Moving to Spain will bring about many changes in my life. Getting a new job will, too.
3. Clarissa is enjoying retirement. Her husband is also enjoying it.
4. Claudia went to a traditional Chinese opera last night. Jim went, too.
5. The teachers’ union is supporting a four-day workweek. The transit workers’ union is supporting this as well.
6. I’ve given up my car and am taking public transportation now. Several of my co-workers are taking public transportation, too.
7. I can cope well with changes. My wife can cope well with changes, too.
8. Amber believes that it is often foolish to resist change. Josh also believes that it is often foolish to do so.
PRACTICE 2
Rewrite the sentences, shortening the longer clauses and lengthening the shorter clauses. Follow the model in the grammar BOX.
1. Guests in the theater felt a strange sensation, as if transported back in time.
Guests in the theater felt a strange sensation, as if they had been transported back in time.
2. That family lives without electricity, as though they were trapped in the 1800s.
3. The music sounded great on my new sound system, as if it were played by a live band.
4. That kid’s clothes looked too big for him, as though borrowed from an older brother.
5. My grandmother looks odd in that photo, as if she were annoyed.
Collocations with change
Collocations with change
Look at the expressions with change. Match each expression with its definition
15 minutes
1. anticipate _____
2. avoid _____
3. bring about _____
4. cope with _____
5. go through _____
6. resist _____
7. welcome _____
(a) change
a. experience a change
b. expect a change
c. successfully deal with a change
d. fight against a change
e. escape or stay away from a change
f. cause a change
g. invite and be happy about a change
Use the expressions to discuss with your peer changes you would (not) . . .
1. avoid. 2. be able to cope with. 3. resist. 4. Welcome. 5. bring about if you could.
👩 I’d try to avoid changes to my current lifestyle. I’m really happy with my life right now.
👨 That’s good to hear. But would you also avoid changes that could make your life even better?
How do you cope?
How do you cope?
Discuss dealing with change and practice using collocations with change. 20 minutes
Complete the survey. How true is each statement for you? Choose a number from 1 to 5. then discuss the survey with a peer.
Think of a big change in your life. Tell your peer about your feelings and reactions at the time and how your life today is different because of it.
👩 "Getting my driver's licence was a welcome change. I felt independent ans was thrilled to finally be able to go where I wanted when I wanted . . . ."
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