1. Identify all the parts of speech used in this sentence:
_The woman kept a large snake in a cage, but it escaped recently._
- **The**: definite article
- **woman**: noun
- **kept**: verb
- **a**: indefinite article
- **large**: adjective
- **snake**: noun
- **in**: preposition
- **a**: indefinite article
- **cage**: noun
- **but**: conjunction
- **it**: pronoun
- **escaped**: verb
- **recently**: adverb
2. How many adverbs are there in the following sentence?
_Really large objects move very slowly._
- There are **two adverbs**:
- "Really" modifies "large"
- "Very" modifies "slowly"
- "Slowly" is also an adverb, but it is not counted in this case since the question asks about words that are adverbs.
3. What is the tense and voice of the verb in the following sentence?
_My parents were married in Rome._
- **Tense**: Past
- **Voice**: Passive
4. What is the difference between grammatical gender and natural gender?
- **Grammatical gender** refers to a system in some languages where nouns are categorized into classes (e.g., masculine, feminine, neuter) that often have no direct connection to the natural characteristics of the objects they refer to. For example, in French, "table" (la table) is feminine, even though it does not represent a female object.
- **Natural gender** refers to the actual biological or social gender (male or female) of the object being referred to, such as "woman" (female) or "man" (male).
5. What prescriptive rules for the “proper” use of English are not obeyed in the following sentences and how would they be “corrected”?
(a) _The old theory consistently failed to fully explain all the data._
- Rule not obeyed: Avoid splitting infinitives (in this case, "to fully explain").
- Correction: _The old theory consistently failed to explain fully all the data._
(b) _I can’t remember the name of the person I gave the book to._
- Rule not obeyed: Avoid ending a sentence with a preposition.
- Correction: _I can’t remember the name of the person to whom I gave the book._
6. How many noun phrases are there in the following sentence?
_Robert brought a small puppy to the party and we all wanted to keep it._
- There are **four noun phrases**:
1. Robert
2. a small puppy
3. the party
4. it
7. What was wrong with the older Latin-influenced definition of English pronouns?
- The older Latin-influenced definition of English pronouns insisted that English pronouns should follow strict Latin grammar rules, such as the idea that a sentence must never end with a preposition. However, English syntax does not always follow these rules, leading to prescriptive rules that do not match natural English usage.
8. What is the grammatical function of the proper noun in the following sentence?
_The professor and her students visited Berlin during the summer._
- **Berlin** is functioning as the **object** of the verb "visited."
9. Is Malagasy a VSO language or something else?
- **Malagasy** is an **SVO** (Subject-Verb-Object) language, not VSO (Verb-Subject-Object).
10. Given these other Gaelic words, translate the following sentences into English:
- **beag**: “small”
- **bhuail**: “hit”
- **dubh**: “black”
- **duine**: “man”
- **gille**: “boy”
(a) _Bhuail an gille beag an cu dubh_
- Translation: _The small boy hit the black dog._
(b) _Chunnaic an cu an duine mor_
- Translation: _The dog saw the big man._