tip of the tongue phenomenon: the experience of knowing a word, but being unable to access it and bring it to the surface in order to say it
-> This occurs when you're trying to remember a word or name, and while you feel close to retrieving it, it eludes you just out of reach.
Studies of this phenomenon have shown that speakers:
+ Generally have an accurate phonological outline of the word,
+ Can get the initial sound correct
+ Mostly know the number of syllables in the word.
malapropism: a speech error in which one word is used instead of another with a similar beginning, end and number of syllables.E
Ex: "She’s the apple of my pie." (instead of apple of my eye)
slip of the tongue: a speech error in which a sound or word is produced in the wrong place, as in black bloxes (instead of “black boxes”)
spoonerism ( chủ nghĩa thìa ): a slip of the tongue in which two parts of words or two words are switched, as in a dog of bag food
Ex: "Go and shake a tower." (instead of take a shower)
Slip of the brain:
Perseveration sound carried over to next word black bloxes, my favorite fong
Anticipation sound used before next word noman numeral, a tup of tea
Exchange initial sounds change places shu flots, beel fetter
final sounds change places stick neff, loop before you leak
Slip of the ear: a processing error in which one word or phrase is heard as another.
-> happens when someone mishears a phrase or song lyric in a way that changes its meaning.
Ex: Song lyric: “There’s a bad moon on the rise”
Misheard as: “There’s a bathroom on the right”