Phones: phonetic units and appear in square brackets.
Allophones: one of a closely related set os speech sounds or phones ~ vesions of 1 phoneme.
PHONEMES vs. PHONES
• Phonemes are the underlying mental representations of the phonological units in a language
→phonemic (broad) transcription /top/, /rais/
• Phones are phonetic units or actual (physical) sounds in speech
→ phonetic (narrow) transcription [top], [rais]
Phonemes: replace one -> different pronunciation and meaning
Allophone: replace one -> different in pronunciation
1. Minimal pair: a pair of 2 words which are identical in form except for a constrast in 1 phoneme occuring in the same position.
fan – van bath – math
bat –beat math – myth
sit –sing myth –Mick
2. Minimal set: a group of word which can be differentiated by changing 1 phoneme in the same position in the word.
big – pig – rig – fig – dig – wig
]fat – fit – feet –fete – foot – fought
cat –can – cap – cab – cash – cadge
tool-tomb-