1. **More common name for the posterior speech cortex**: Wernicke's area.
2. **Difficulty Wernicke identified among his patients**: Difficulty in understanding language and producing coherent speech; patients often produced fluent but nonsensical or jumbled speech.
3. **Fire distinguisher instead of fire extinguisher**: This is a *malapropism* because it involves using a similar-sounding word with an incorrect meaning.
4. **Slip type illustrated by "I like pop porn" (for popcorn)**: This is a *slip of the tongue* or *spoonerism*, where sounds in words are accidentally swapped or replaced.
5. **Aphasia**: Aphasia is a language disorder caused by brain damage that impairs the ability to understand or produce language.
6. **Damage resulting in conduction aphasia**: Damage to the arcuate fasciculus, a bundle of nerves connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, typically results in conduction aphasia.
7. **Type of aphasia with speech like "speech … two times … read … wr … ripe, er, rike, er, write …"**: This speech pattern is characteristic of Broca's aphasia, where there are hesitations and difficulty in finding the right words.
8. **What happens in a dichotic listening test**: In a dichotic listening test, participants hear different sounds in each ear simultaneously and typically show a preference or dominance for processing language sounds in one ear, often the right ear due to left-brain language processing.
9. **The critical period**: The critical period is a sensitive developmental window in early childhood during which language acquisition occurs most naturally and effectively.
10. **Discovery from Genie’s dichotic listening tests**: Researchers found that Genie, who missed her critical period for language acquisition, showed unusual language processing patterns, such as using her right hemisphere more than typically expected for language tasks.