1 Achelous River

There were at least two rivers called Asopus in the ancient Greek world.

1) Achelous River in Acarnania

The Achelous River of Acarnania rises in the Pindus Mountains and empties into the Ionian Sea near the Echinades Islands. [1]

The Achelous River is the border between Acarnania and Aetolia. [2]

2) Achelous River in Thessaly

The Achelous River of Thessaly flows through a land called Paracheloitae near Lamia and joins the Spercheius River. [3]

1.1 Peirene, daughter of the Achelous River God

The outer port of Corinth is named after Leches and Cenchrias. They were the sons of Poseidon and Peirene, daughter of the Achelous River God. [4]

Peirene's father was Oebalus, and the Achelous River God was Oebalus. [5]

The Oebalus is also thought to be Oebalus of Sparta, but the Achelous River does not flow near Sparta.

Besides Oebalus of Sparta, there was Oebalus, the son of Telon, who migrated from Acarnaia to Capreae near Neapolis on the Italian peninsula, pursued by the Ephyra expedition led by Heracles. [6]

Jason of Corinth also accompanied the Ephyra expedition. [7]

Jason made Sisyphus inherit Corinth and took his daughter Corcyra as his wife. [8]

Jason is also thought to have brought Ornytion, son of Sisyphus, into the expedition. [9]

Ornytion, on one of his expeditions, took Peirene, the daughter of Oebalus, who grew up near the river Achelous, and made him his wife. [10]

1.2 Eurymedusa, daughter of the Achelous River God

Myrmidon's mother is said to have been Eurymedusa, daughter of the Achelous River God. [11]

According to another tradition, Myrmidon's mother Eurymedusa was the daughter of Cletor (or Clitor). [12]

Thus, Eurymedusa's father, the Achelous River God, was Cletor (or Clitor).

2 Alpheius River

The Alpheius River originates in Arcadia, receives the Ladon and Erymanthus rivers, flows near Pisa and Olympia in Eleia, and empties into the Ionian Sea. [13]

2.1 Ortilochus, son of the Alpheius River God

The father of Diocles, the father of Ortilochus, was the Alpheius River God. [14]

Ortilochus lived in Pharae of Messenia, founded by his grandfather Pharis. [15]

Ortilochus lived in Messenia, but there was no river Alpheius in that region.

2.1.1 Mother of Ortilochus

Ortilochus' mother was Telegone, daughter of Pharis. Pharis was the son of Phylodameia, daughter of Danaus, and founded Pharae in Messenia. [16]

Pharis' brother Phares founded Pharae in Achaia. [17]

Genealogy suggests that Phylodameia's husband was Eumelus, son of Aegyptus, who lived at Aroe (later Patrae) near Pharae. [18]

Ortilochus' mother, Telegone, was from Achaia, but there was no river Alpheius in that region.

2.1.2 Influential people near the Alpheius River

Ortilochus' father was called the Alpheius River God, probably because his father lived near the Alpheius River and was an influential person in that region around the time Ortilochus was born.

At the time of Ortilochus' birth there were Olympia, Pisa, and Harpina near the river Alpheius.

After Endymion of Elis drove out Clymenus, son of Cardys, no strongman lived in Olympia. [19]

In Pisa lived Pisus, the son of Perieres, and in Harpina lived Oenomaus, the son of Alxion. [20]

2.1.3 Estimation

From the above, it is estimated as follows.

2.1.3.1 Marriage of Telegone

Pisus, son of Perieres, brother of Aethlius, the founder of Elis, founded Pisa further south on the banks of the Alpheius River. [21]

It is assumed that Pisus took as his wife Telegon, daughter of Pharis, from Pharae of Messenia. [22]

Perieres, father of Pisus, had migrated from Arne of Thessaly to northwestern Peloponnesus and lived in Olenus. [23]

Pisus lived in Olenus of Achaia before founding Pisa.

Telegone, on the other hand, lived in Aroe of Achaia, before her father Phharis moved to Messenia.

Olenus is about 13 km from Aroe, and it is assumed that Pisus and Telegon had a relationship even before Pisus founded Pisa.

2.1.3.2 Emigration to Messenia

Pisus and Telegon, who lived in Pisa, had a son, Ortilochus. [24]

Afterwards, Oenomaus of Harpina, a short distance up the Alpheius River from Pisa, attacked Pisa. Pisus died, and Telegon took Ortilochus and moved to Pharae in Messenia, where her father Pharis lived. [25]

From the above, it is assumed that Ortilochus' father, the Alpheius River God, was Pisus, the son of Perieres.

3 Asopus River

There were at least five rivers called Asopus in the ancient Greek world.

1) Asopus River in Sicyon

It originates in the Carneates mountains of Phlius and flows from south to north on the east side of Aegialea (later Sicyon), emptying into the Gulf of Corinth. [26]

2) Asopus River in Boeotia

The Asopus river in Boeotia flows near Thebes and Plataaeae and empties into the sea near Tanagra. [27]

3) Asopus River in Locris

The Asopus River of Locris flows south of Trachis and empties into the sea outside Pylae. [28]

4) Asopus River in Aegina

In Aegina there are the waters of the Asopus. [29]

5) Asopus River in Paros

The Asopus River is located on the island of Paros. [30]

3.1 Asopus River God of Sicyon

3.1.1 Ismene, daughter of the Asopus River God

Ismene, daughter of the Asopus River God, and Argus bore a son, Iasus. [31]

Genealogically, Ismene, wife of Argus, son of Phorbas of Argos, was born around 1615 BC.

At that time, Thurimachus, the son of Aegydrus (or Aegyrus), ruled Aegialea (later Sicyon), where the river Asopus flowed, and was worthy of Ismene's father. Thurimachus was the oldest Asopus River God of Sicyon in folklore. [32]

3.1.2 Harpine, daughter of the Asopus River God

Harpine, daughter of the Asopus River God, was the mother of Oenomaus. [33]

Oenomaus' daughter Hippodameia was Pelops' wife, so Harpine's father was a contemporary of Pelops' grandfather. [34]

Oenomaus' father, Alxion, lived in Heraea, a city founded in western Arcadia. Heraea was founded by Heraeus, the father of Oenomaus, the father of Alxion. Heraeus was the son of Lycaon, son of Pelasgus. [35]

The Asopus river closest to Heraea, where Harpine's husband Oenomaus lives, is the Asopus river that flows through Sicyon. At that time, Epopeus ruled Sicyon.

Therefore, it is presumed that Harpine's father, the Asopus River God, was Epopeus.

The father of Epopeus' wife Metope may have been Ladon, who gave the name to the river that flows just east of Thebes. [36]

The Ladon River, which flows near Heraea, where Harpine married, is presumed to have been named after the father of Harpine's mother, Metope. [37]

3.1.3 Sinope, daughter of Asopus River God

3.1.3.1 Traditions

There are the following legends about the daughter of the Asopus River God.

1) The descendants of Syrus, the son of Apollo, and Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God, were the inhabitants of Sinope on the southern coast of the Black Sea. [38]

2) Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God of Sicyon, was kidnapped by Apollo and brought to Sinope, where her son Syrus was born. [39]

3) Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God, was sent away unwillingly from her homeland to live in the town that bore her name. [40]

3.1.3.2 Founding of Sinope

Some say that Sinope was named after one of the Amazons. [41]

However, it seems more plausible that Sinope was named after Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God, near the Thermodon River where Amazons lived. [42]

The founder of Sinope is said to be Autolycus, son of Deimachus of Tricca in Thessaly. [43]

The inhabitants of the city before Autolycus were said to have been descendants of Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God. Sinope, the daughter of the Asopus River God, therefore predates Autolycus. [44]

3.1.3.3 Asopus River related to Sinope

Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, settled from Corinth to Colchis on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. [45]

Epopeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, lived in Sicyon and ruled over Corinth as well. [46]

The river Asopus flows near Sicyon, and Sinope was on the way from Corinth to Colchis.

3.1.3.4 Sinope's husband

Chalciope (or Iophossa, Euenia), daughter of Aeetes, married Phrixus, son of Athamas, and they had a son, Cytissorus (or Cylindrus, Cytisorus, Cytorus). [47]

Cytissorus' brother Presbon migrated from Colchis to Boeotia and succeeded his grandfather Athamas. Clymenus, son of Presbon, became king Orchomenus. [48]

There is a tradition that Cytissorus himself returned to Boeotia. [48-1] 

Cytissorus founded Cytorus midway from Colchis to the southern coast of the Black Sea. [49]

Cytorus had a close relationship with Sinope. [50]

Cytissorus is closely related to both Corinth and Sinope, and he may have been Sinope's husband.

3.1.3.5 Sinope's father Asopus River God

Cytissorus was the great-grandson of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth, and the ruler of Sicyon, contemporary with the father of his wife Sinope, was Epopeus.

In other words, Sinope's father, the Asopus River God, was Epopeus, and Sinope and Cytissorus were second cousins with Sisyphus as their common great-grandfather.

3.1.4 Aegina, daughter of the Asopus River God

Zeus brought Aegina, the daughter of the Asopus River God, from Phlius to an uninhabited island called Oenone, and the island came to be called Aegina after his daughter. [51]

Aegina's husband was Actor, son of Myrmidon, and to her was born a son, Aeacus. [52]

Peleus and Telamon, two sons of Aeacus, son of Aegina, appear in the story of the Argonauts. [53]

Talaus, the husband of Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus of Sicyon, into which the Asopus river flows from Phlius, also appears in the story of the Argonauts. [54]

In other words, Polybus' mother, Chthonophyle, would be the same generation as Aegina. [55]

Therefore, the Asopus River God, father of Aegina, is presumed to be Sicyon, the father of Chthonophyle.

3.1.5 Salamis, daughter of the Asopus River God

Salamis was one of the twelve daughters of the Asopus River God. [56]

Cychreus first named the island after his mother Salamis, daughter of the Asopus River God, and it was later settled by the Aeginetans who accompanied Telamon. [57]

Cychreus, the son of Salamis, the daughter of the Asopus River God, gave the island of Salamis to Telamon, the husband of his daughter Glauce. [58]

When Telamon's wife Glauce died, he married Eriboea, daughter of Alcathous, son of Pelops. [59]

Thus, Salamis, the mother of Cychreus, the father of Glauce, was a contemporary of Pelops, the father of Alcathous, the father of Eriboea.

Pelops was a contemporary of Laius, the father of Oedipus of Thebes. [60]

Oedipus was the adopted son of Polybus, so Polybus was a contemporary of Laius and Pelops. [61]

Therefore, Salamis' father was a contemporary of Polybus' mother Chthonophyle. At the time of Salamis' marriage, Sicyon, the father of Chthonophyle, was the ruler of Sicyon, through which the river Asopus flows, and it is assumed that Sicyon, the son of Marathon, was the Asopus River God. [62]

3.1.6 Corcyra, daughter of the Asopus River God

Corcyra, daughter of the Asopus River God, was carried away by Poseidon to the island of Corcyra, which was later named after her, and gave birth to Phaeax. [63]

Corcyra, the daughter of the Asopus River God, changed the name of the island called Scheria to the island of Corcyra. [64]

Jason moved to Corcyra Island. [65]

Based on the above, it is assumed that Corcyra's husband and Phaeax's father is Jason. Corcyra's father was Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, to whom Jason entrusted Corinth, and it is assumed that Corcyra's father, the Asopus River God, was Sisyphus. Although the Asopus does not flow through Corinth, it is the only river that appears in Pausanias' description of Corinth, and it was the most famous river in the region. [66]

3.1.7 Nemea, daughter of the Asopus River God

Nemea, daughter of the Asopus River God, gave her name to a town between Phlius and Mycenae. [67]

Lycurgus is the first ruler of Nemea to appear in historical sources. [68]

However, it is assumed that his father Pronax migrated there from Argos and founded Nemea. [69]

Pronax's migration coincided with the exile of his brother Adrastus to Sicyon, and is presumed to have been caused by internal conflict within Argos. [70]

And the wife of Pronax and the mother of Amphithea, the wife of his brother Adrastus, may have been Nemea, who gave the name to the town that Pronax founded. [71]

According to the genealogy, the chronologically most suitable father of Nemea was Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, of Corinth as well as Corcyra.

Therefore, Asopus River God, father of Nemea, is presumed to be Sisyphus.

3.1.8 Others

Other daughters of the Asopus River God of Sicyon include Cleone, Peirene, Asopis, Ornia, and Chalcis, but their lineage is unknown. [72]

3.2 Asopus River God of Boeotia

3.2.1 Antiope, daughter of the Asopus River God

Antiope, daughter of the Asopus River God, had two sons, Amphion and Zethus. [73]

However, Amphion and Zethus are said to have been the sons of Nycteus' daughter Antiope. [74]

The Asopus River God, father of Antiope, was therefore Nycteus, son of Hyrieus (or Chthonius). [75]

3.2.2 Tanagra, daughter of the Asopus River God

Tanagra was the daughter of the Asopus River God. [76]

Tanagra's husband was Poemander, and Tanagra's father was Aeolus. [77]

Poemander was the son of Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius, son of Eleuther, son of Aethusa. [78]

Aethusa was the brother of Hyrieus, the father of Nycteus, the father of Antiope, the mother of Amphion. [79]

Thus Poemander's wife Tanagra was a contemporary of Amphion's daughter Chloris.

Aeolus, the father of Tanagra, was therefore a contemporary of Pelops, the brother of Niobe, the mother of Chloris.

Aeolus was also the father of Sisyphus, the successor of Jason who left Corinth. [80]

Sisyphus' father, Aeolus, seems to be the same person as Tanagra's father, Aeolus, judging from the chronology.

So who is the father of this Aeolus?

Aeolus appears to be a descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth, as his son Sisyphus is now ruler of Corinth.

Tanagra's husband Poemander lived in Eleutherae. [81]

Eleutherae is located south of the Asopus River in Boeotia, beyond Mount Cithaeron.

The following clues can be used to estimate Tanagra's father Aeolus.

1) Aeolus is a common name for Aeolis of Thessaly.

2) Aeolus lived in Boeotia at the same time as Pelops.

3) Aeolus is a descendant of Sisyphus of Corinth.

Considering the above, it is assumed that Aeolus, the father of Tanagra, was the son of Oeoclus, son of Ascra, who founded Ascra with his brothers Otus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus. [82]

After the founding of Ascra, Oeoclus, son of Ascra, lived in the town, and the river Asopus flowed eastward from near the town. [83]

From the above, it is assumed that Tanagra's father, the Asopus River God, was Aeolus, the son of Oeoclus.

3.2.3 Plataea, daughter of the Asopus River God

Plataea was the daughter of the Asopus River God. [84]

Plataea's sister Tanagra's husband Poemander's father Chaeresilaus' father Iasius' father Eleuther is presumed to be Antiope's husband. [85]

Laius, son of Labdacus, son of Antiope's sister Nycteis, was a contemporary of Damasistratus of Plataea. [86]

Damasistratus appears as the first inhabitant of Plataea, and it is likely that he was the founder of Plataea.

Damasistratus was related to Laius, whose father Labdacus was a cousin of Amphion and Zethus, who lived in Eutresis, near Plataea.

Damasistratus appears to have been the son of Iasius, son of Eleuther. [87]

Damasistratus' brothers Amphion and Zethus founded Eutresis, about 14 km west-southwest of Thebes, north of Eleutherae and across Mt. Cithaeron. [88]

Damasistratus seems to have migrated halfway from Eleutherae to Eutresis and founded a town named after his wife Plataea. [89]

Therefore, the Asopus River God, the father of Plataea, is presumed to be Aeolus, the son of Oeoclus, the same as Tanagra.

3.2.4 Thespia (or Thespeia), daughter of the Asopus River God

Thespia, daughter of the Asopus River God, gave her name to Thespiae of Boeotia.

It is also said that the town was named after Thespius, a descendant of Erechtheus who immigrated from Athens. [90]

Erechtheus was another name for Pandion, king of Athens, and Thespius was the son of Pandion's son Teuthras. [91]

By previous estimates, Damasistratus, the husband of Thespia's sister Plataea, was a contemporary of Laius of Thebes.

Oedipus, son of Laius, was a contemporary of Thespius, a contemporary of Heracles.

Thus, Teuthras, the father of Thespius, was a contemporary of Thespia, who was contemporary with Laius.

Teuthras is therefore presumed to be the husband of Thespia.

From the above, it is assumed that the Asopus River God, the father of Thespia, was Aeolus, the son of Oeoclus, the same as Tanagra.

3.2.5 Others

Oeroe is also said to be the daughter of the Asopus River God of Boeotia, but her lineage is unknown. [92]

3.3 Asopus River God of Locris

3.3.1 Thebe, daughter of the Asopus River God

Thebe, wife of Amphion's brother Zethus of Thebes, was the daughter of the Asopus River God. [93]

No historical sources have been found that give the name of the human father of Thebe, wife of Zethus.

However, from the following facts, it is assumed that he was Physcius, the son of Aetolus, the son of Amphictyon, who lived in Antheia near Thermopylae.

1) Locrus, son of Physcius, cooperated with Amphion and Zethus.

Locrus is said to have founded Thebes with Antiope's two sons, Amphion and Zethus. [94]

Since Locrus was the brother of Thebe, it is likely that Locrus cooperated with Amphion and Zethus.

2) The Asopus river was flowing near Thermopylae.

Thebe is mentioned along with the daughters of the Asopus River God of Sicyon, but she seems to be the daughter of the Asopus River God of Locris. [95]

3) The Proetidian gate of Thebes was named after Proetus.

The father of Maera, the wife of Physcius, was Proetus, the son of Thersandorus, the son of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth. [96]

Thus, Proetus was the grandfather of Zethus' wife Thebe.

From the above, it is assumed that Thebe's father, Asopus River God, was Physcius.

4 Axius River

The Axius river originates in Paeonia, flows between Chalastra and Therma, and empties into the Thermaic Gulf. [97]

On the banks of the Axius River was Amydon (later Abydon), which was destroyed by the Macedonians. [98]

4.1 Pelegon, son of the Axius River God

Asteropaeus' father, Pelegon, was the son of the Axius River God and Periboea, the eldest daughter of Acessamenus. [99]

Asteropaeus, son of Pelegon (or Pelegonus), led the Paeonians on an expedition to Troy. [100]

Pyraechmes, who led the Paeonians on an expedition to Troy, is said to have been the son of Axius, and the human name of the Axius River God, the father of Pelegon, is thought to have been Axius. [101]

Pyraechmes ruled Amydon near the Axius River. [102]

Asteropaeus was the nephew of Pyraechmes.

5 Cephisus River

In the ancient Greek world, there were at least eight rivers named Cephisus.

The first river, Cephisus, flows from Phocis, the birthplace of the Greeks, to Boeotia.

The Cephisus river, named by the people who migrated from there, was located in Eleusis, Athens, Sicyon, and Argos. In addition, the Cephisus river, named by the settlers from Athens, was located on the islands of Scyros and Salamis. Also in Apollonia, Illyria was the Cephisus river, named by the settlers from Corinth and Corcyra. [103]

5.1 Eteocles, son of the Cephisus River God

Eteocles, son of Andreus and Euippe, daughter of Leucon, son of Athamas, was the son of Cephisus River God. [104]

Thus, Eteocles' father, the Cephisus River God, was Andreus, the founder of Orchomenus.

5.2 Lilaea, daughter of the Cephisus River God

It was Lilaea, daughter of the Cephisus River God, who gave the name to the town near the source of the Cephisus River in western Phocis. [105]

Lilaea is the sibling of Eteocles, son of the Cephisus River God, and is presumed to be the daughter of Andreus.

5.3 Daulis, daughter of the Cephisus River God

It was Daulis, daughter of the Cephisus River God, who gave the name to the eastern town of Phocis. [106]

Daulis was the sibling of Eteocles, son of the Cephisus River God, and is presumed to be the daughter of Andreus.

6 Enipeus River

There were at least two rivers in the ancient Greek world called Enipeus.

1) Enipeus River in Thessaly

The Enipeus River in Thessaly rises from Mount Othrys and flows past Pharsalus before turning and joining the Apidanus River. The Apidanus River joins the Peneius River. [107]

2) Enipeus River in Eleia

The Enipeus River in Eleia originates from a spring in Salmone and joins the river Alpheius, which flows near Olympia. [108]

6.1 Tyro, wife of Enipeus River God

Salmoneus' daughter Tyro fell in love with the Enipeus River God. [109]

Tyro's first husband was Hippocoon, who lived in Pyllus of Thessaly. [110]

Salmoneus probably lived on the opposite bank of the Enipeus River from Pylus, and after Tyro married Hippocoon, he moved to Eleia and founded Salmone. [111]

Thus, Tyro's husband, the Enipeus River God, was Hippocoon of Pyllus.

The Enipeus River of Eleia was probably named after the river in their homeland by the people who migrated with Salmoneus. [112]

7 Ladon River

There were at least three rivers called Ladon in the ancient Greek world.

1) Ladon River in Arcadia

The Ladon River originates in Clitor in the north of Arcadia, and flows into the Alpheius River together with the Erymanthus River, and flows through Pisa and Olympia before flowing into the sea. [112-1]

2) Ladon River in Eleia

The Ladon River flows through Pylus, which was destroyed by Heracles, and flows into the Peneius River. [112-2]

3) Ladon River in Boeotia

The Ladon River, which flows near Thebes, came to be called the Ismenus River. [112-3]

7.1 Evander, son of the daughter of the river god Ladon

Evander led a group of immigrants from Pallantium in Arcadia to the area near the Tiber River in the central part of the Italian peninsula. [112-4]

Evander's mother was Carmenta. [112-5]

The Alpheius River, which flows from near Pallantium where Carmenta lived, joins the Ladon River, which flows from the north, near the border between Eleia and Arcadia.

At the time of Carmenta's marriage, the area around Onceium near the Ladon River was ruled by Oncus. [112-6]

Oncus was the man who provided a stallion to Heracles, who was planning to attack Elis. [112-7]

Carmenta was of the same generation as Heracles, and Oncus is presumed to be Carmenta's father, that is, the river god Ladon.

7.2 Thelpusa, daughter of Ladon

Thelpusa in western Arcadia was named after Thelpusa, daughter of Ladon. [112-8]

Thelpusa was located very close to Onceium, where Oncus lived. [112-9]

Thelpusa was also the daughter of Oncus and presumably the sister of Carmenta.

8 Peneius (Peneus) River

There were at least two rivers called Peneius in the ancient Greek world.

1) Peneius River in Thessaly

The Peneius River originates in the Pindus Mountains and flows eastward through the Tempe Valley into the Agean Sea. [113]

It is said that Peneius, who gave the name to the river Peneius, begat Hypseus and Stilbe by Creusa, and Stilbe begat Lapithes and Centaurus with Apollo. [114]

2) Peneius River in Eleia

The Peneius River flows through Elis and empties into the sea near Cape Chelonatas. [115]

The first to establish a town near this river was Aethlius, son of Aeolus of Arne of Thessaly. [116]

It is likely that the people who immigrated with Aethlius named the river of their new land after the river of their homeland.

8.1 Menippe, daughter of the Peneus River God

Phrastor was the son of Pelasgus, son of Larissa, and Menippe, daughter of the Peneus River God, who migrated from Argos to Thessaly. This is the genealogy reported by the 5th century BC historian Hellanicus of Lesbos in his Phoronis. [117]

The lineage predates the ancestor of the Peneius River, as reported by Diodorus, and the lineage of Menippe is unknown.

8.2 Andreus, son of the Peneius River God

Andreus, son of the Peneius River God, founded Andreis (later Orchomenus). [118]

The 3rd century BC epic poet Apollonius of Rhodes, in his Argonautica, says that the builder of Orchomenus was Minyas, son of Aeolus. [119]

Andreus' wife was Euippe, daughter of Leucon, son of Athamas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.

Therefore, Aeolus, the father of Andreus, is presumed to be the son of Hippotes, the son of Mimas, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hellen. [120]

Thus, the Peneius River God, the father of Andreus, was Aeolus, the son of Hippotes.

8.3 Dryops, son of the Peneius River God

Dryops was the son of the Peneius River God and Polydore, daughter of Danaus, and their descendants, called Dryops, lived near the river Spercheius. [121]

Aristotle tells us that the Dryopians lived near the Spercheius River. [122]

When Danaus' daughter Polydora came of age, the Dorians, whose founder was Dorus, son of Hellen, lived near the river Peneius in Thessaly.

The majority of the Dorians, under pressure from the movement of large groups led by Cadmus, migrated to the region between Mount Parnassus and Mount Oeta, led by Dorus.

However, there were also those who remained near the Peneius River. Among them was the family of Iphthime, the daughter of Dorus. The identity of Iphthime's husband is unknown, but it is likely that he was a Pelasgian, given that his descendants were protected by Argos and that his descendant married a daughter of Danaus.

Iphthime had three sons, Pherespondos, Lycos, and Pronomos, one of whom became the husband of Danaus' daughter Polydore, who had a son, Dryops. [123]

It is assumed that it was the marriage of Polydore's sisters Scaea and Automate with the sons of Achaeus, who emigrated from Thessaly to Argos, that made the long-distance marriage between the son of Iphthime, who lived in the north of Thessaly, and Polydore, who lived in Argos, possible. [124]

In 1435 BC, Achaeus, son of Xuthus, returned from Aegialus to Melitaea in Phthiotis of Thessaly. [125]

In 1420 BC, under pressure from the migration of large groups led by Cadmus, two sons of Achaeus, Archander and Architeles, migrated to Aegialus and married the daughters of Danaus. [126]

Their marriage appears to have united Polydore and the son of Iphthime.

Thus, Dryops' father, the Peneius River God, is presumed to be one of Iphthime's three sons, Pherespondos, Lycos, or Pronomos.

9 Spercheius River

The Spercheius River originates in the Typhrestus mountains of Dryopia and empties into the Maliac Gulf near Thermopylae. [127]

9.1 Menesthius, son of the Spercheius River God

Menesthius is said to be the son of the Spercheius River God. [128]

Menesthius' mother was Polydora, daughter of Peleus. [129]

Polydora's husband was Borus, son of Perieres. [130]

Menesthius was the son of Borus, son of Perieres. [131]

Thus, the Spercheius River God, the father of Menesthius, was Borus, the son of Perieres.

10 Strymon River

The Strymon River originates in Paeonia, passes between the settlements of Odomanti and Bisaltae, and empties into Strymon Gulf. [132]

10.1 Rhesus, son of the Strymon River God

Rhesus, who went on an expedition to Troy, was the son of the Strymon River God and Euterpe. [133]

Rhesus ruled over the Odomanti, Edoni, and Bisaltae, who lived downstream of the Strymon River. [134]

The human name of Rhesus's father, the Strymon River God, was Eion (or Eioneus). [135]

Eion is presumed to be the son of Bisaltes, son of Mygdon. [136]

Mygdon migrated from Mysia of Olympene on the Anatolian peninsula near the Strymon River during the time of Laomedon of Troy. [137]

Mygdonia, where Mygdon settled, was later inhabited by Edoni, but was driven out of his habitation by the Macedonians. [138]

End