1 Introduction

The ancient Greeks lived on many islands.

The islands were named after the leaders who led the colonists, or their wives or mothers.

Except for Crete, which has a theory that it was named for both sexes, the islands were overwhelmingly named after men.

The islands named after women include Aegina, Corcyra, Salamis, Syme, and Rhodes.

The islands named after men include Andrus, Ceos, Cephallenia, Chios, Lesbos, Lipara, Naxos, Paros, Samos, Sardinia, Scyros, Taphos, Tenedos, Thasus, Thera, and Zacynthus.

This chapter describes the following islands.

Aegina, Andrus, Ceos, Cephallenia, Chios, Corcyra, Cos, Cyprus, Cythera, Cythnos, Delos, Echinades, Icos, Imbros, Ithaca, Lesbos, Leucas, Melos, Naxos, Paros, Peparethos, Salamis, Samos, Samothrace, Sciathos, Scyros, Seriphus, Syme, Taphos, Tenedos, Thasus, Thera, Zacynthus.

Lipara, Sardinia and Sicily are described in "Emigration to Italy".

2 History of Aegina

Epidaurus was inhabited by the Carians before the Greeks. [1]

Therefore, it is assumed that Aegina, which was considered a region of Epidaurus, was also inhabited by the Carians. [2]

2.1 Migration from Attica

In 1465 BC, Xuthus, son of Hellen, founded Tetrapolis (Oenoe, Marathon, Probalinthus, Tricorynthus) in northeastern Attica. [3]

When Eumolpus invaded Attica in 1415 BC, the inhabitants of Oenoe migrated to Aegina. [4]

After their settlement, the name of the island became Oenoe. [5]

2.2 Migration from Thessaly

In 1287 BC, Aeacus, son of Actor, migrated to Oenoe from Dia in Thessaly. [6]

The people who had previously lived on Oenoe were migrated to Epidaurus led by the descendants of Ion, son of Xuthus. [7]

Aeacus changed the name of the island from Oenoe to Aegina, after his mother. [8]

2.3 Arbitration of the Dispute in Megara

In 1287 BC, Aeacus mediated a dispute over the succession of Megara between Pandion's son Nisus and Pandion's son-in-law Sciron. Sciron was the son of Pylas, the ruler of Megara before Pandion. [9]

Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus), the father of Aeacus' two wives, Psamathe and Endeis (or Endais), was the biological father of Pandion's adopted son Aegeus. [10]

In other words, Aeacus and Aegeus were stepbrothers, and Nisus and Sciron were stepbrothers through Aegeus. It is likely that Aegeus, who was king of Athens at the time, had Aeacus, who was known as a pious man among his stepbrothers, mediate the dispute between the stepbrothers. [11]

2.4 Migration from Crete

In 1264 BC, there was a battle between Minos of Crete and Athens, and Minos was victorious. [12]

Then, the Cretans settled in Aegina. [13]

The sons of Aeacus, who lived in Aegina, were gradually oppressed by the Cretans, and after the death of Aeacus, they migrated from Aegina to various places.

2.4.1 Migration to Phocis

In 1256 BC, Phocus, son of Aeacus, led a group of immigrants from Aegina to the area north of Phocis, near Naubolenses (later Drymaea). [14]

The town had been founded some time earlier by Naubolus, son of Ornytus, son of Lynceus, son of Deucalion, son of Abas, son of Lynceus. [15]

Phocus' son Crisus married Antiphateia, daughter of Naubolus. [16]

2.4.2 Migration to Salamis

In 1256 BC, Telamon, son of Aeacus, migrated from Aegina to Salamis. [17]

Telamon married Glauce, daughter of Cychreus, and succeeded Cychreus in reigning in Salamis. [18]

Glauce was the daughter of Cychreus, son of Scyrius, father of Endeis, mother of Telamon, and was Telamon's cousin. [19]

2.4.3 Migration to Phthia

In 1256 BC, Peleus, son of Aeacus, emigrated from Aegina to Eurytion, son of Actor, of Phthia in Thessaly. [20]

Eurytion was Peleus' uncle, and Phthia was the birthplace of Aeacus, Peleus' father. Peleus succeeded Eurytion by marrying Eurytion's daughter Antigone. [21]

2.5 Migration from Crete

In 1205 BC, Britomartis, daughter of Carme, daughter of Eubulus, son of Carmanor, migrated from Crete to Aegina. [22]

The 3rd century AD writer Antoninus Liberalis reports that Britomartis arrived in Aegina on the ship of the fisherman Andromedes, who is likely her husband. [23]

In Aegina, there is a sanctuary of Aphaea, which was the name of the deified Britomartis. [24]

The migration of Britomartis is likely due to wars in Crete.

3 History of Andrus

3.1 Migration from Delos

In 1180 BC, Andros (or Andreus), son of Anius (or Anion), son of Zarex, migrated from Delos to the southeastern island of Euboea. The island became known as Andrus after Andros. [25]

There was a statue of Andros in Delphi, dedicated by the inhabitants of Andrus. [26]

3.2 Migration to Troad

In 1160 BC, after a revolt in Andrus, Andros migrated to the southern foot of Mount Ida and founded Antandros. [27]

Herodotus reports that the offerings of the Hyperboreans were delivered from Carystus to Delos via Andros and Tenos, but Andros was omitted. [28]

The omission of Andros is probably due to a revolt on the island that led to Andros being expelled.

Andros' father Anius was a priest of Apollo in Delos. [29]

4 History of Ceos

Ceos was called Hydrousa. [30]

The first inhabitants of Ceos were Achaeans and Pelasgians, later cohabited by Messenians.

4.1 Settlement of Aristaeus

In 1390 BC, Aristaeus, son of Archander, son of Achaeus, and Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus, settled on Ceos. [31]

Among Aristaeus's immigrants were Parrhasians (Pelasgians), but most of the immigrants were Achaeans. [32]

In 1372 BC, Aristaeus left Ceos for Egypt, where his parents lived, and from there he led an immigrant group to Sardinia. [33]

When Aristaeus left Ceos, he left his descendants on the island. [34]

4.2 Attack of Minos

In 1264 BC, Minos attacked Ceos and captured Dexithea, whom he married. [35]

Dexithea bore him a son, Euxantius, who became ruler of Ceos. [36]

Dexithea was a descendant of the children of Aristaeus, the son of Cyrene, who had been left in Ceos. [37]

4.3 Nestor legend

Strabo reports that Nestor, the son of Neleus, built the sanctuary of Nedusian Athena at Ceos on his way back from Troy. [38]

Homer, however, reports that Nestor passed through Euboea from Troy and arrived near Argos on the fourth day. [39]

Later, people living near the Nedon River, which flows into the Gulf of Messenia, migrated to Ceos and made Nestor the builder of the sanctuary they built, in order to make it look more historical.

4.4 Descendants of Euxantius

The 5th century BC poet Xenomedes reports that Acontius, who lived in Ceos in the 6th century BC, was a descendant of Euxantius, the son of Dexithea. [40]

Ceos had Iulis, founded by Eupylus, son of Chryso; Carthaea, founded by Megacles; Poeessa, founded by Acaeus; and Coresus, founded by Aphrastus. [41]

Eupylus, son of Chryso, was probably also a descendant of Euxantius, since Acontius lived in Iulis. [42]

4.5 Migration from Naupactus

Ceos was named after Ceos, son of Melia, who migrated from Naupactus to the island. [43]

Naupactus was founded by Temenus, son of Aristomachus, towards the end of the 12th century BC. [44]

There were at least two major migrations of inhabitants from Naupactus:

1) Around 459 BC, the Ozolian Locrians were expelled from Naupactus by the Athenians. [45]

Ceos was close to Athens, and it is unlikely that the people expelled by the Athenians migrated to the vicinity of Athens.

2) In 405 BC, the Messenians were expelled from Naupactus by the Spartans. [46]

The expelled Messenians lived in Naupactus with the favor of Athens. [47]

The Messenians, who were driven out of Naupactus, probably settled in Ceos, near Athens, their ally.

It is assumed that the people who settled in Ceos with Ceos, son of Melia, were Messenias who had been driven out of Messenia by the Spartans.

5 History of Cephallenia

5.1 Migration from Laconia

In 1390 BC, Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, emigrated from Therapne in Laconia to Acarnania. [48]

Lelex was a descendant of Io, daughter of Iasus, who emigrated from Argos to Egypt. 

Those led by Teleboas were called Leleges, after the name of Lelex, although they were Pelasginas. [49]

Teleboas had 22 sons, who became known as the Teleboans, and spread their settlements throughout Acarnania. [50]

Teleboans also settled in Cephallenia.

5.2 Migration from Attica

In 1277 BC, Cephalus, son of Deion, made an expedition to the land of the Teleboans, settling the largest island in the Ionian Sea and calling it Cephallenia. [51]

Cephalus, king of Thoricus in Attica, was driven out by Aegeus and emigrated to Thebes, from where he participated in the campaign of Amphitryon, father of Heracles. [52]

Cephalus fought against the Teleboans who lived on the island. He took captive Pterelas' daughter Euryodeia, and married her, by whom he had a son, Arcesius (or Arcisius). [53]

Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor, the three sons of Pterelas, son of Deioneus, who were driven out of Cephallenia by Cephalus, emigrated to Ithaca. [54]

5.3 Migration from Eleia

In 1244 BC, Phyleus, son of Augeas, settled in Dulichium from Elis in Eleia. [55]

Homer and Strabo report that Dulichium was an island in the Echinades. [56]

However, for the following reasons, it is assumed that Dulichium, where Phyleus migrated from Elis, was in Cephallenia.

Pausanias reports that Paleis in Cephallenia dedicated a statue of Timoptolis, son of Lampis in Elean, to Olympia. He also reports that the Paleans were formerly called Dulichians. [57]

Therefore, it is assumed that Dulichium in Cephallenia was the place where Phyleus, son of Augeas, migrated.

The relationship between Cephalus, the Cephallenia's former occupant, and Phyleus is unclear.

6 History of Chios

Chios was also called Aethalia, Chia, Macris, and Pityusa. [58]

6.1 Migration from Thessaly

In 1390 BC, the Pelasgians who lived in Thessaly were driven out by Aeolis and migrated to various places. [59]

Some of the Pelasgians migrated to Chios. [60]

6.2 Migration from Lesbos

In 1370 BC, the eldest son of Macareus, son of Aeolus, emigrated from Lesbos to Chios. [61]

The eldest son of Macareus married a native daughter and had a son, Chios. [62]

The island was named after Chios. [63]

6.3 Migration from Troad

In 1295 BC, Minos emigrated from Troad to Crete. [64]

At this time, Minos' brother Rhadamanthus settled in Chios. [65]

6.4 Migration from Naxos

In 1245 BC, Oenopion, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, emigrated from Naxos to Chios. [66]

Oenopion's sons, Talus, Euanthes, Melas, Salagus, and Athamas, accompanied their father. [67]

6.5 Migration to the mainland

In 1230 BC, Erythrus, son of Rhadamanthus, moved from Chios to the mainland and founded Erythrae. [68]

6.6 Migration to Thracia

In 1230 BC, Euanthes, son of Oenopion, moved from Chios to Ismarus in Thracia. [69]

6.7 Migration from Euboea

6.7.1 Migration of Amphiclus

In 1075 BC, Amphiclus of Histiaea in Euboea settled Chios. [70]

Histiaea was founded by people who fled Thebes after the siege of Thebes by the Epigoni. [71]

Afterwards, Histiaea was occupied by Ellops, who led a colony from Athens to Euboea after the Trojan War. [72]

6.7.2 Joining the Ionian League

In 1020 BC, Hector, the fourth descendant of Amphiclus, expelled the Abantes and Carians from Chios and joined the Ionian League. [73]

6.7.3 Origin of Amphiclus

The people who migrated to Chios with Amphiclus were probably Ionians who had migrated to Histiaea from Athens, not from Thebes. This is evidenced by the fact that Amphiculus' descendant Hector was admitted to the Ionian League.

Amphiclus appears to be a brother of Ellops, as he leads a delegation of immigrants from the town occupied by Ellops.

Ellops' brother Aeclus founded Eretria. [74]

Later, Gephyraeans emigrated from Eretria to Aphidna in Attica. [75]

Strabo also assumes that Aeclus and his brother Cothus were non-Greek. [76]

From the above, it is assumed that Amphiculus was a Gephyraean.

6.8 Founding of Chios

After Chios joined the Ionian League, Egertius led a large, multi-ethnic immigrant group and founded the city of Chios. [77]

Herodotus states that Pelasgians from Chios were included in Xerxes's army that invaded Greece in 480 BC. [77-1]

It is believed that Egertius' immigrant group included a large number of Pelasgians.

7 History of Corcyra

7.1 Migration from Corinth

In 1237 BC, Jason, son of Aeson, along with Heracles, son of Amphitryon, marched to Thesprotia and settled Scheria (later Corcyra). [78]

Jason left Corinth to Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, and took his daughter Corcyra as his wife and emigrated to the island. The island became known as Corcyra, after Jason's wife's name. [79]

7.2 Migration to Ephyra

Mermerus, the son of Jason and Medea, emigrated from Corcyra to Ephyra in Thesprotia. Shortly before the Trojan War, Odysseus, son of Laertes, visited Ilus, son of Mermerus, who lived in Ephyra. [80]

7.3 Descendants of Jason

Corcyra was succeeded by Phaeax, son of Jason and Corcyra, and the inhabitants of the island were called Phaeacians. [81]

Phaeax's son Alcinous, who succeeded him, had a group of minstrels in his house.

One of them, Demodocus, studied under Automedes and Perimedes of Argos and became a minstrel, winning a prize at the Pythian games. [82]

Alcinous' daughter Nausicaa married Telemachus, son of Odysseus. [83]

7.4 Migration from Eretria

Around the 8th century BC, the Eretrians of Euboea colonized Corcyra. [83-1]

7.5 Migration from Corinth

In 734 BC, a group of immigrants from Corinth colonized Corcyra and expelled the Eretrians.

The Eretrians tried to land in their homeland of Eretria in Euboea, but were prevented from doing so, and settled in Methone in Macedonia. [84]

7.6 Battle with the Corinthians

In 664 BC, there was a naval battle between the Corinthians and the Corcyreans.

Isaac Newton reports that this is the oldest known naval battle in history. [85]

8 History of Cos

The island of Cos was named by the Carians. [86]

8.1 Migration from Rhodes

In 1415 BC, Candalus, son of Erysichthon, emigrated from Rhodes to Cos. Candalus was one of the Heliadae, but left Rhodes due to internal conflict. [87]

8.2 Migration from Lesbos

In 1340 BC, Neandrus, son of Macareus, emigrated from Lesbos to Cos. [88]

8.3 Heracles' expedition

Heracles is said to have been cast away on his way back from Troy and stopped at Cos. [89]

If Heracles' visit to Cos is not a fabrication, it is assumed that it took place as follows.

In 1244 BC, Merops, the ruler of Cos, was driven from the island by Eurypylus and asked Heracles for help. Eurypylus was born in Miletus and married Merops' daughter Clytia. Heracles tried to get Merops to return home, but Eurypylus prevented him, and a battle ensued. Chalcodon (or Chalcon), who wounded Heracles, was the son of Eurypylus. [90]

Merops is assumed to have been a descendant of Neandrus, the son of Macareus, who migrated from Lesbos to Cos. [91]

8.4 Trojan War

Heracles had a son, Thessalus (or Thettalus), by Chalciope, daughter of Eurypylus of Cos. Thessalus' two sons, Pheidippus (or Phidippus) and Antiphus, led the people of Cos in an expedition to Troy and were killed in battle. [92]

It is said that Sisyphus of Cos served in the Trojan expedition and wrote an account of it, which Homer based his Iliad on. [93]

8.5 Relationship with the descendants of Asclepius

Thessalus's sons's descendants continued to live in Cos. Hippocrates, the father of medicine in the early 4th century BC, was a descendant of Heracles in the 20th generation. [94]

After the defeat of the Achaeans at Troy in 1186 BC, Podalirus, the son of Asclepius (or Aesculapius), wandered through Asia Minor. At Bybastus in Caria, Podalirus married Syrna, daughter of Damaethus, who is presumed to be Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos.

Podalirus founded Syrnus, named after his wife. [95]

It is presumed that a descendant of Thessalus, son of Heracles, who lived in Cos, married a descendant of Podalirus, son of Asclepius, from Syrnus, which is very close to Cos. [96]

8.6 Migration from Argos

In 1070 BC, Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenus, led the Dorians and Pelasgians from Argos to settle in Rhodes. [97]

The reason for their migration was a famine in Peloponnesos. [98]

Part of Althaemenes's colony went from Rhodes to Cos. [99]

Cos became one of the Doric Hexapolis together with Lindus, Ialyssus, Cameirus, Cnidus, and Halicarnassus. [100]

9 History of Cyprus

Cyprus was covered with forests and had no land suitable for cultivation. Later, many people lived on the island, cutting down trees to smelt copper and silver. [101]

9.1 Migration from Crete

In 1430 BC, Celmis (or Kelmis, Scelmis) and Damnameneus (or Damnaneus) migrated from Crete to Cyprus and discovered iron. They were the first to discover iron in Crete and then conducted extensive mining activities. [102]

9.2 Migration from Phoenicia

In 1410 BC, Pygmalion founded Carpasia in the northeast of Cyprus. [103]

Carpasia was the first Greek town founded in Cyprus.

Pygmalion was probably a relative of Sandocus, son of Astynous, who lived in Tyre in Phoenicia.

Based on the marriage of Sandocus' son Cinyras to Pygmalion's daughter Metharme, Pygmalion and Sandocus probably left Tyre at the same time.

Sandocus founded Celenderis in Cilicia. [104]

Astynous was the son of Phaethon, the son of Tithonus, the son of Cephalus, the son of Herse, the daughter of Cecrops, the first king of Athens. [105]

9.3 Migration from Cilicia

In 1385 BC, Cinyras, the son of Sandocus and Pharnace, migrated from Celenderis to the southwest coast of Cyprus and founded Palaepaphos. [106]

Cinyras married Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, and had a daughter, Laogore (or Laodice). [107]

9.4 Marriage to Arcadia

In 1360 BC, Cinyras' daughter Laogore was married to Elatus, son of Arcas, who lived in Arcadia from Palaepaphos. [108]

The marriage between Elatus and Laogore is presumably related to Laogore's grandmother Pharnace, who was born in Arcadia.

Pharnace's father Megassares emigrated from Arcadia to Samothrace with Dardanus, and from there, joined Cadmus' migration to Boeotia. [109]

9.5 Migration from Dryopis

In 1230 BC, the Malians and Heracles expelled the Dryopians from Dryopis. [109-1]

At that time, some of the Dryopians migrated to Cyprus. [109-2]

9.6 Migration from Salamis

In 1225 BC, Teucer, son of Telamon, emigrated from Salamis to Cyprus. Teucer married Eune, daughter of Cinyras of Palaepaphos. [110]

The purpose of Teucer's migration was to obtain valuable minerals from Amathus. Cinyras' mother was Amathus' godmother. [111]

Cinyras became synonymous with wealth, rivalling King Midas, due to the precious minerals found in Amathus. [112]

9.7 Founding of Paphos

In 1188 BC, Agapenor, son of Ancaeus, led the Arcadians from Tegea in Arcadia to join the Achaeans' expedition to Troy. [113]

In 1186 BC, the Achaeans were defeated in a battle with Ilium. Agapenor fled from Troad to Cyprus and founded Paphos near Palaepaphos. [114]

Agapenor chose Cyprus as a settlement because of its copper mining. [115]

9.8 Founding of Salamis

In 1186 BC, Teucer rushed from Cyprus to Ilium to help his brother Ajax, who had been on an expedition to Troy with Achilles, but Teucer arrived after Ajax had died and the Achaeans had been defeated in battle. [116]

Teucer returned to Cyprus, taking with him the Trojans who wanted to emigrate, and founded Salamis. [117]

9.9 Migration to Cilicia

In 1160 BC, Ajax emigrated from Cyprus to Cilicia Tracheia and ruled the Olbe region. [118]

Ajax is presumed to be the son of Teucer, the son of Telamon of Salamis.

10 History of Cythera

10.1 Mycenae's possession of the island

From the following, it is presumed that Cythera was under Mycenae's control during the time of Agamemnon.

1) The sanctuary of Athena, founded by Agamemnon, was located on the Onugnathus peninsula near the Maleae promontory in Laconia, near Cythera. [119]

2) Thyestes, son of Pelops, and his son Aegisthus lived in Cythera. [120]

10.2 Migration from Midea

In 1251 BC, Heracles emigrated from Thebes to Tiryns, his father's former territory. Licymnius, who had lived in Thebes with Heracles, also returned to Midea, his father's former territory. [121]

Atreus, son of Pelops, who had lived in Midea up until that point, migrated north and founded Cleonae. [122]

Thyestes, son of Pelops, who had lived in Midea with Atreus, also emigrated to Cythera. [123]

10.3 The legend of Aeneas

There is a legend that Aeneas, the son of Anchises, stopped at Cythera on his way from Troy to Italy and built a temple to Aphrodite. [124]

The following facts suggest that this legend is a fabrication:

1) Aeneas was born in Sicily and is believed to have never lived in Troad.

2) Herodotus writes that Cythera was part of Argos until a short time before his time. [125]

Even if the legend that Aeneas participated in the Trojan War is correct, he could not have built a temple on an enemy island.

11 History of Cythnos

Herodotus writes that Cythnos was inhabited by Dryopians. [126]

In 1230 BC, Heracles expelled the Dryopians from Dryopis. [127]

At that time, the Dryopians migrated to various places, but it is believed that some of them migrated to Cythnos.

12 History of Delos

12.1 Construction of the Temple of Apollo

In 1525 BC, Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, built the Temple of Apollo in Delos. [128]

Cecrops sailed between Egypt and Attica, and it seems that Delos was a special island. [129]

12.2 Death of Erysichthon

In 1515 BC, Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, died on his way back to Athens after a festival in Delos. [130]

Erysichthon was buried in Prasiae. [131]

12.3 Stopping at Theseus

In 1241 BC, Theseus, son of Aegeus, stopped at Delos on his way back to Athens from Crete. [132]

The ruler of Delos at that time was Zarex, son of Petraeus, son of Carystus, son of Scyrius (or Chiron), father of Aegeus, father of Theseus. In other words, Theseus' cousin ruled Delos.

12.4 Aeneas legend

There is a legend that Anius, son of Zarex, welcomed Aeneas, son of Anchises, who stopped off in Delos on his way to Italy after the fall of Troy. [133]

The following facts suggest that this legend is a fabrication:

1) Aeneas was born in Sicily and is believed to have never lived in Troad.

2) Anius' father Zarex and Aeneas' enemy Achilles were second cousins, their common ancestor being Cecrops, the seventh king of Athens.

13 History of Echinades

13.1 Settlement from Argolis

In 1277 BC, Helius, son of Perseus, along with his brother Electryon and nephew Amphitryon, made an expedition to northwestern Greece. Helius settled on the Echinades islands. [134]

Earlier, Helius had founded the town of Helos in Argolis, but emigrated in search of new lands. [135]

13.2 Migration to Taphos

In 1237 BC, Taphius, son of Helius, migrated from the Echinades to an island near the Leucas peninsula and founded Taphos. [136]

13.3 Migration from Cephallenia

In 1225 BC, Meges, son of Phyleus, migrated from Dulichium in Cephallenia to the largest island in the Echinades and founded Dulichium. [137]

14 History of Icos

In 1245 BC, Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, colonized Icos from Naxos. [138]

Staphylus himself lived in Peparethos, near Icos. [139]

15 History of Imbros

15.1 Migration from Troad

In 1431 BC, the Idaean Dactyls and Cabeiri migrated from Troad to Imbros, Samothrace, and Lemnos. [140]

The Idaean Dactyls came to the island to explore, and Cabeiri to spread their faith.

15.2 Migration from Thessaly

In 1236 BC, the Minyans, who lived in Iolcus, were expelled from Thessaly during a civil war and migrated to Lemnos and Imbros. [141]

The Minyans sailed to Colchis, but Lemnos and Imbros were located on the shortest route from Thessaly to the Hellespontos.

15.3 Migration from Athens

In 1115 BC, the Pelasgians were expelled from Athens by the Athenians and migrated to Lemnos and Imbros. [142]

The Minyans, who were driven from Imbros by the Pelasgians, migrated to Laconia, together with the Minyans of Lemnos. [143]

During the Ionian revolt in the 5th century BC, Imbros was inhabited by the Pelasgians. [144]

16 History of Ithaca

16.1 Migration from Cephallenia

In 1277 BC, Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor, the three sons of Pterelas, son of Deioneus, migrated from Cephallenia to Ithaca, driven by Cephalus, son of Deion. [145]

They were Teleboans, the indigenous people of Cephallenia.

The sons of Pterelas founded Ithaca in Ithaca. [146]

16.2 Marriage to Cephallenia

In 1256 BC, Ithacus' daughter Chalcomedusa was married from Ithaca to Arcesius (or Arcisius), son of Cephalus who lived in Cephallenia. [147]

Arcesius' mother Euryodeia was Ithacus' sister, so Chalcomedusa and Arcesius were presumably cousins. [148]

16.3 Battle with the Cephallenians

In 1237 BC, an expedition led by Heracles went to Thesprotia. [149]

Arcesius (or Arcisius), son of Cephalus who lived in Cephallenia, also participated in the expedition and fought against the Teleboans. Arcesius emigrated to Ithaca, driving out the Teleboans who lived on island. [150]

16.4 Bride from near Parnassus

In 1236 BC, Laertes, son of Arcesius, married Anticlia, daughter of Autolycus, who lived near Mount Parnassus. [151]

It was blood ties that allowed Laertes to marry a girl who lived near Mount Parnassus, far from Ithaca.

The father of Cephalus, father of Arcesius, was Pandion, the eighth king of Athens.

Also, the father of Philonis (or Chione), the mother of Autolycus, the father of Anticlia, was Pandion.

In other words, Laertes was Anticlia's second cousin.

Laertes and Anticlia had a son, Odysseus. [152]

16.5 Conquest of Nericus

In 1220 BC, Laertes, the son of Arcesius, led the Cephallenians in conquest of Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula. [153]

During Heracles' campaign in 1237 BC, Oebalus, the son of Telon, led the Teleboans in migration from Acarnania to Capreae (near Neapolis) on the west coast of the Italian Peninsula. [154]

It is believed that some Teleboans did not migrate at that time and remained in Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula.

16.6 Trojan War

Odysseus, son of Laertes, appears in the story of the Trojan War, leading the inhabitants of Ithaca and the surrounding islands. [155]

17 History of Lesbos

17.1 Migration from Argos

In 1560 BC, Xanthus, son of Triopas, settled Lesbos from Argos. At the time, the island was uninhabited and called Issa. After Xanthus settled there, the island became known as Pelasgia. [156]

17.2 Migration from Rhodes

In 1415 BC, Macar, son of Erysichthon, settled Lesbos from Rhodes. [157]

Macar's migration was due to a sibling feud between the sons of Erysichthon, called the Heliadae. [158]

17.3 Migration from Peloponnesus

In 1390 BC, Lesbos was devastated by a tsunami. [159]

In 1389 BC, Macareus, son of Aeolus, who lived in Olenus in Achaia, led a group of immigrants to Pelasgia, including Ionians and Pelasgians. [160]

The Pelasgians had been driven out of Thessaly by the sons of Deucalion. [161]

17.4 Migration to the islands

The sons of Macareus expanded their influence by migrating to the neighboring islands, and Pelasgia became known as the house of Macareus. [162]

In 1370 BC, Macareus' eldest son settled Chios. [163]

In 1365 BC, Macareus' son Cydrolaus settled Samos. [164]

In 1340 BC, Macareus' son Leucippus settled Rhodes. [165]

In 1340 BC, Macareus' son Neandrus settled Cos. [166]

The islands ruled by Macareus and his sons were called Macaron. [167]

17.5 Marriage to Ozolian Locris

In 1356 BC, Amphissa, daughter of Macareus, was married to Oineus, son of Phytius, who lived in Amphissa, Ozolian Locris. [168]

Macareus was the son of Protogenia, sister of Orestheus, father of Phytius, father of Oineus. [169]

Thus, Oineus was Amphissa's second cousin.

17.6 Migration from Thessaly

In 1340 BC, Lesbos, son of Lapithus, led a group of immigrants from Thessaly to Lesbos. Lesbos married Methyma, daughter of Macareus. [170]

Methyma was the daughter of Macareus, brother of Lapithus, father of Lesbos.

Thus, Methyma was Lesbos' cousin.

17.7 Struggle for the throne

After the death of Ilus, son of Tros, a succession war broke out in Wilusa (Troy).

In 1295 BC, Phaenodamas expelled Ilus's son, Laomedon, from Ilium.

Laomedon attacked Ilium with a Hittite army, killed Phaenodamas, and reclaimed the throne. [170-1]

Phaenodamas's ally, Piyama-Radu, fled to Lesbos (Lazpa). [170-2]

At the time, Lesbos was under the control of the Seha River Land, a Hittite vassal state. [170-3]

17.8 Trojan War Period

17.8.1 Migration of Hypsipylus

After the death of Laomedon's son, Priam, a succession war broke out in Troy.

In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor expelled the sons of Priam from Ilium and seized the city. [170-4]

Antenor's son Hypsipylus emigrated to Lesbos. [170-5]

17.8.2 Achaean Attack

In 1188 BC, Phorbas, who lived in Lesbos, was attacked by Achilles, and his daughter Diomedea was taken prisoner. [171]

Ilioneus, son of Phorbas, was killed in battle at Ilium. [172]

Achilles also fought Hypsipylus, son of Antenor, who lived in Lesbos. [173]

17.9 Colonization by the Achaeans

In 1126 BC, Penthilus, son of Orestes, sailed from the port of Aulis in Boeotia, occupied and colonized Lesbos. [174]

In 1055 BC, Gras, son of Archelaus, recaptured Lesbos and took possession of Aeolis, between Mysia and Ionia. [175]

18 History of Leucas

Leucas was a peninsula, not an island, until the Corinthians separated it from the mainland in 657 BC. [176]

18.1 Settlement from Laconia

In 1390 BC, Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, emigrated from Therapne in Laconia to Acarnania. [177]

Teleboas had 22 sons, some of whom lived in Leucas. [178]

The Teleboans first settled in Leucas in 1365 BC.

18.2 Settlement from Laconia

In 1220 BC, Laertes, son of Arcesius, led the Cephallenians in the capture of Nericus on the Leucas peninsula. [179]

Nericus was presumably inhabited by the Teleboans. [180]

19 History of Melos

19.1 Settlement from Athens

In 1186 BC, Menestheus, the 11th king of Athens, was expelled from Athens by Demophon, son of Theseus, and settling in Melos. [181]

Menestheus died in Melos in 1181 BC. [182]

19.2 Settlement from Amyclae

In 1070 BC, a group of settlers led by Apodasmos settled in Melos. [183]

Apodasmos is thought to be the son of Philonomus, who acquired Amyclae through a secret deal with the Heracleidae. [184]

Herodotus and Thucydides write that the Melians were colonists from Lacedaemon. [185]

20 History of Naxos

Naxos was called Strongyle, Dia, and Dionysus. [186]

Naxos was also called Little Sicily because it was a rich island. [187]

The first inhabitants of Naxos were the Thracians, who were expelled by the Aeolians. Later, the Leleges lived with the Aeolians, and then the Cretans. In the 11th century BC, the Ionians settled on the island.

20.1 Settlement of Butes

In 1340 BC, Butes, son of Boreas, emigrated to Strongyle (later Naxos) after fighting with his brother Lycurgus. [188]

Boreas was the twin brother of Erechtheus, the sixth king of Athens, and is presumed to be the son of Butes, who became a priest of Athens. [189]

Boreas lived in Thracia, north of Samothrace. [190]

Butes' mother was probably Thracian, not Erechtheus' daughter Orithyia (or Oreithyia).

20.2 Abduction from Boeotia

In 1330 BC, Agassamenus, who succeeded Butes, abducted Aloeus' wife Iphimedeia and her daughter Pancratis and took them to the island. [191]

Iphimedeia's husband was Aloeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, who migrated from Sicyon to Anthedon. [192]

20.3 Migration from Boeotia

In 1330 BC, Iphimedeia's two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, captured Strongyle, and renamed it Dia. [193]

Dia was the name of a god worshipped in Sicyon, and was another name for Hebe, daughter of the goddess Hera. [194]

Otus and Ephialtes brought the Dionysian rites and viticulture from Boeotia to the island.

Dia became an island rich in grapes, and was also called Dionysus. [195]

It was the Aeolians who migrated to Dia with Otus.

20.4 Migration from Caria

In 1318 BC, Naxos, son of Polemon, migrated to Dia from Latmia near Miletus in Caria and changed the name of the island to Naxos. [196]

Polemon is presumed to be the grandson of Ancaeus, son of Astypalaea.

The Hittite king Mursili II attacked and captured Millawanda (Miletus). [197]

Naxos lived in Latmia near Miletus, but after being defeated by the Hittite army, he migrated to Dia. [198]

The Leleges, led by Naxos, lived with the Aeolians.

20.5 Bride from Crete

In 1278 BC, Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was married to Oenarus, priest of Dionysus in Naxos. [199]

Oenarus is presumed to be the son of Otus or Ephialtes for the following reasons:

1) Oenarus was a priest of Dionysus.

The Dionysian rites were brought from Boeotia by Otus and Ephialtes.

2) Phliasus (or Phlias), the son of Oenarus and Ariadne, succeeded Phlius, which had no successors. [200]

The founder of Phlius was a descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Sicyon.

Otus and Ephialtes were the sons of Aloeus, the son of Aloeus, the son of Sisyphus. [201]

20.6 Migration to Lemnos

In 1256 BC, Thoas, the son of Ariadne, emigrated from Naxos to Lemnos. [202]

20.7 Expedition to Peloponnesus

In 1250 BC, Oenarus and Ariadne made an expedition to Peloponnesus to spread the cult of Dionysus. [203]

The expedition included the daughters of Oenarus and the daughters of Leucippus, son of Naxos. [204]

It was Melampus, son of Amythaon of Argos, who invited them. [205]

Ariadne died in Argos. [206]

The tomb of Chorea, who was also in the expedition, was also in Argos. Chorea is presumed to be the daughter of Leucippus. [207]

20.8 Migration to various places

In 1245 BC, Ariadne's sons migrated from Naxos to various places.

Around this time, Ariadne's father, Minos, died. It is thought that Minos' death and the migration of his grandsons were related.

The ruler of Naxos at that time was Smerdius, son of Leucippus, son of Naxos. [208]

20.8.1 Migration to Chios

In 1245 BC, Oenopion, son of Ariadne, migrated from Naxos to Chios. [209]

Oenopion's sons, Talus, Euanthes, Melas, Salagus, and Athamas, also migrated to Chios with their father. [210]

20.8.2 Migration to Peparethos

In 1245 BC, Staphylus, son of Ariadne, migrated from Naxos to Peparethos, north of Euboea. [211]

In 1230 BC, Staphylus emigrated from Peparethos to Bybastus in Caria. [211-1]

Staphylus presumably emigrated to Caria at the request of his brother Enyeus.

20.8.3 Migration to Caria

In 1245 BC, Enyeus, son of Ariadne, migrated from Naxos to Cyrnus in Caria. [212]

During the Trojan War, Enyeus sided with Troy, and Cyrnus was attacked by Achilles. Enyeus was killed in battle and his daughter Iphis was taken prisoner. [213]

20.9 Migration from Colophon

In 1060 BC, Promethus, son of Codrus, who lived in Colophon, killed his brother Damasichthon and emigrated to Naxos. [214]

After Promethus' death, the inhabitants of Colophon welcomed his body, which was brought from Naxos, into their town. [215]

Herodotus writes that during the Persian War, Ionians from Athens lived in Naxos. [216]

The Ionians' colonization activities in the 11th century BC extended not only to Asia Minor but also to the Aegean Sea.

In the 6th century BC, Cydippe, daughter of Ceyx, a descendant of Promethus, lived in Naxos. [217]

21 History of Paros

21.1 Migration from Arcadia

In 1430 BC, Parus, son of Parrhasius, son of Lycaon, emigrated from Parrhasia in Arcadia in search of a new land.

The reason for Parus' migration was the same as that of Dardanus, the devastation of the land caused by a great flood in Arcadia. [218]

Parus settled on an island south of Delos, which came to be called Paros. [219]

21.2 Migration from Crete

In 1265 BC, the sons of Minos, Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses, and Philolaus, emigrated from Crete to Paros. [220]

Paros was also called Minoia. [221]

21.3 Migration from Crete

In 1250 BC, Alcaeus and Sthenelus, the two sons of Androgeus, son of Minos, migrated from Crete to Paros. [222]

21.4 Migration to Thasus

In 1244 BC, Alcaeus and Sthenelus migrated from Paros to Thasus. [223]

22 History of Peparethos

The 2nd century BC historian Heraclides reports that Peparethos is rich in wine and trees that produce grain. [224]

22.1 Migration from Naxos

In 1245 BC, Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, migrated from Naxos to Peparethos. [225]

22.2 Migration to Caria

In 1230 BC, Staphylus left the island to his brother Peparethus and himself emigrated to Bybastus in Caria. [226]

Staphylus' brother Enyeus lived in Cyrnus in Caria. [226-1]

Staphylus presumably emigrated to Caria at the request of his brother Enyeus.

23 History of Salamis

23.1 Migration from Athens

In 1320 BC, civil war broke out in Athens, and the seventh king of Athens, Cecrops, emigrated to Euboea. [227]

At this time, Cecrops' son Cychreus emigrated from Athens to Salamis. [228]

Cychreus was a person who was revered in Athens on an equal footing with the gods. [229]

23.2 Marriage to Scyros

In 1305 BC, Chariclo, the daughter of Cychreus, was married off from Salamis to Cecrops' son Scyrius, who lived in Scyros. [230]

Scyrius was Cychreus' brother. [231]

23.3 Migration from Scyros

In 1295 BC, Cychreus died without an heir. Cyrius' brother Scyrius left Scyros to his son and moved to Salamis. [232]

23.4 Bride from Sicyon

In 1291 BC, Scyrius married Salamis, daughter of Sicyon. Scyrius and Salamis had a son, Cychreus. [233]

Sicyon's mother was the daughter of Erechtheus, the sixth king of Athens. [234]

Scyrius was the son of Cecrops, son of Erechtheus, the father of the mother of Sicyon, father of Salamis.

In other words, Salamis was the daughter of Scyrius' cousin.

Cychreus, who succeeded Scyrius, renamed the island, which had been called Scyros and Cychreia, to Salamis, after his mother's name. [235]

23.5 Founding of Carystus

In 1260 BC, Carystus, son of Scyrius (or Chiron), migrated from Salamis to southeastern Euboea and founded Carystus. [236]

Carystus was the grandson of Cecrops, the seventh king of Athens, and Carystus became one of the towns on the route of the Hyperboreans to Delos to bring offerings. [237]

The Hyperboreans, Athenians, and Delians had friendly relations. [238]

23.6 Migration from Aegina

In 1256 BC, Telamon, son of Aeacus, migrated from Aegina to Salamis and married Glauce, daughter of Cychreus. [239]

After Cychreus' death, Telamon succeeded Salamis. [240]

The father of Chariclo, the mother of Endeis, the mother of Telamon, was Cychreus, the first king of Salamis. [241]

23.7 Migration to Cyprus

In 1225 BC, Teucer emigrated from Salamis to Cyprus and married Eune, daughter of Cinyras. [242]

The reason for Teucer's migration was to trade in the precious minerals produced at Amathus in Cyprus. Cinyras' mother was Amathus' godmother. [243]

23.8 Trojan War Era

23.8.1 Ajax, son of Telamon

Homer reports that Ajax, son of Telamon, led the Salaminians in an expedition to Troy. [244]

But Ajax succeeded Alcathous, son of Pelops, as king of Megara and lived in Megara. [245]

Ajax was the son of Periboea (or Eriboea), daughter of Alcathous. [246]

In 1188 BC, Ajax led the Megarians from Megara in an expedition to Troy.

23.8.2 Migration to Attica

In 1186 BC, the sons of Ajax, son of Telamon, who had been born to captive women, returned from Troy and lived in Attica, not Salamis. [247]

The legend that they gave Salamis to Athens is a fiction, and it is assumed that Salamis was in other hands. It is likely that Telamon died and Salamis was taken by the Cretans from Aegina sometime before the Trojan War. [248]

23.8.3 Legend of Teucer

Many of the legends about Teucer, son of Telamon, seem to be fiction.

There is a legend that Teucer, son of Telamon, returning from Troy, tried to land at Salamis, but was stopped by Telamon. [249]

In the time of Themistocles in the 5th century BC, Peiraeus became a port, and a tribunal was established there where exiles could plead their case from the ship to the people on land. [250]

Probably, the legend of Teucer was created after this.

The 6th century AD chronicler John Malalas tells us that Teucer came from Cyprus to Troy to help his brother Ajax. When Teucer arrived in Troy, Achilles and Ajax had already died, and Neoptolemus was there. [251]

24 History of Samos

24.1 Name of the island

Aristotle reports that Samos was originally called Parthenia, then Dryussa, and then Anthemussa. Samos was also called Melamphllus, Cyparissia, Parthenoarussa, and Stephane. [252]

Strabo reports that Samos was originally called Parthenia, then Anthemus, Melamphyllus, and then Samos. [253]

Strabo reports that the name Samos was the name of a local hero. [254]

The hero is presumably Samus, son of Ancaeus, son of Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix. [255]

Ancaeus was king of Leleges in Caria. [256]

24.2 Migration from Lesbos

In 1365 BC, Cydrolaus, son of Macareus, migrated from Lesbos to Samos. [257]

24.3 Battle with the Hittites

Samos is located off the coast of the Mycale Peninsula between Ephesus and Miletus.

Ephesus is called Apasa, and Miletus is called Millawanda, and was a base of resistance against the Hittites.

In 1318 BC, Tantalus (Uhha-Ziti) and Pelops (Tapalazunauli) fled to an island when the Hittite army led by Mursili II attacked Apasa. [258]

The island is assumed to be Samos based on the following:

1) Ancaeus (Attarisiya), the brother of Tantalus' grandmother, was the king of Leleges. [259]

Samos was an island of Leleges. [260]

2) Samos was near Apasa (Ephesus), where Tantalus had his base.

3) Samos had a large population, enough to have 1,000 slaves. [261]

4) After the death of Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, his daughter Admete fled to Samos.

It is said that these slaves were the first to build Ephesus. [262]

Admete was the daughter of Eurystheus, son of Nicippe, daughter of Pelops, son of Tantalus. [263]

24.4 Ancaeus, son of Astypalaea

In the story of the Argonauts' expedition, Ancaeus, son of Astypalaea of Samos, appears. [264]

Ancaeus is thought to have been the ruler of Samos in 1248 BC.

24.5 Migration from Argolis

In 1213 BC, Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, led a group of immigrants from Argolis to Rhodes. [265]

The group included the Mycenaean Lebes and Admete, daughter of Eurystheus. [266]

They did not go to Rhodes, but settled in Crete. [267]

In 1200 BC, Rhacius, son of Lebes, crossed from Crete to Asia Minor and founded Colophon. [268]

At this time, Admete also migrated from Crete to Samos. [269]

Admete was a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos. [270]

24.6 Migration from Epidaurus

In 1102 BC, Pityreus, a descendant of Ion, son of Xuthus, was driven out of Epidaurus by the Heracleidae and migrated to Athens. [271]

In 1095 BC, Procles, son of Pityreus, led the original inhabitants of Epidaurus from Athens to Samos, where he founded the town. [272]

Earlier, Samos had been founded by Tembryon. [273]

24.7 Migration from Phlius

In 1087 BC, Hippasus, leader of Phlius in Argolis, who had been driven out by the Heracleidae, migrated to Samos. Hippasus was the ancestor of the famous Pythagoras. [274]

24.8 Battle with the Ephesians

In 1065 BC, the Ephesians, led by Androclus, son of Codrus, invaded Samos on the grounds that Leogorus, son of Procles, was plotting against the Ionians in league with the Carians. [275]

Some of the Samians migrated to Samothrace, while the rest settled with Leogorus on the Mycale peninsula. [276]

Some of the Samians who had migrated to Samothrace founded Perintus on the northern shore of the Propontis Sea. [277]

24.9 Return to Samos

In 1055 BC, the people who had been expelled from Samos drove the Ephesians out of the island and recaptured it. [278]

Afterwards, Androclus was killed in a battle with the Carians, and Samos joined the Ionian League. [279]

Herodotus writes that of the four dialects of Ionia, only the Samians spoke a distinctive dialect. [280]

It is likely that the majority of the Samians, who had good relations with the Carians, were Leleges, a mixed race of Greeks and Carians.

25 History of Samothrace

25.1 Migration from Troad

In 1435 BC, a group of immigrants led by Teucrus (or Teucer), son of Idaea (or Ida, Idothea), migrated from Crete to Troad and founded Teucrus (later Dardanus) near the Hellespont. [281]

Teucrus' group included the Idaean Dactyls, who were engaged in mining activities,  and Cabeiri. [282]

In 1431 BC, Cybele, one of the Cabeiri, crossed from Troad to Samothrace together with the Idaean Dactyls. [283]

25.2 Emigration from Arcadia

In 1430 BC, a long flood occurred in central Arcadia, and Dardanus, the son of Electra, the daughter of Orchomenus, the son of Lycaon, was also affected. Dardanus lived in Methydrium, founded by his grandfather Orchomenus. Methydrium was located on a hill between the rivers Maloetas and Mylaon, which flowed at an altitude of about 1,000 meters. [284]

Dardanus traveled north along the Aegean Sea and emigrated to Samothrace, just before the Hellespontos. [285]

Dardanus' mother's sister Alcyone joined Dardanus' migration with her husband Megassares, her two sons Hyperenor and Hyrieus, and her daughter Pharnace. [286]

Dardanus' brother Iasion (or Iasus) married Cybele. [287]

25.3 Cadmus' Visit

In 1425 BC, Cadmus, son of Agenor, led a colony to Samothrace, where he married Dardanus' sister Harmonia. [288]

Megassares joined Cadmus' colony and emigrated to Boeotia, where he founded Hyria. [289]

Megassares' two sons, Hyrieus and Hyperenor, became the Sparti, second in power to Cadmus. [290]

25.4 Migration to Troad

In 1420 BC, a tsunami hit Samothrace, killing Dardanus' wife Chryse and his brother Iasion. [291]

Dardanus, along with Cybele and her son Corybas, moved from the island to Troad near Mount Ida. [292]

When Dardanus crossed Troad, Teucrus, king of the Teucrians (or Gergis), who had migrated from Crete some time earlier, was there. Dardanus remarried Teucrus' daughter Bateia and became Teucrus' successor, and the founder of the kingdom of Troy. [293]

It was Cybele who led Dardanus from Samothrace to Troad. The people who had migrated with Cybele from Crete lived there. Cybele and Corybas lived on Mount Ida, where Cybele was worshipped as a goddess, and Corybas introduced the dance to those who celebrated the rites of the Mother, calling them Corybantes. [294]

25.5 Migration from Samos

In 1065 BC, the Ephesians, led by Androclus, son of Codrus, invaded Samos, on the grounds that the Samians were plotting against the Ionians. Some of the Samians migrated to Samothrace. [295]

25.6 Migration to Thracia

In 1060 BC, some of the Samians who lived in Samothrace migrated to the north shore of the Propontis Sea and founded Perinthus. [296]

Then, by the time of Darius I, Perinthus was occupied by the Paeonians who lived in the Strymon basin. [297]

25.7 Migration to Samos

In 1055 BC, the Samians, who lived in Samothrace, drove the Ephesians out of Samos and recaptured the island. [298]

26 History of Sciathos

It is said that the Pelasgians, who lived in Thracia, moved to Scyros and Sciathos and settled there. [299]

In 495 BC, the Pelasgians of Lemnos, driven by Miltiades, son of Cimon, moved to the Chalcidice peninsula. [300]

Soon after, the Pelasgians are thought to have moved from the Chalcidice peninsula to Sciathos. [301]

27 History of Scyros

The Cephisus River, which flows from Phocis to Boeotia, was the birthplace of the ancient Greeks. As the Greek settlement spread, the rivers in various places were given the same name, Cephisus. One of at least eight Cephisus rivers in the ancient Greek world was in Scyros. [302]

27.1 Migration from Athens

In 1320 BC, civil war broke out in Athens, and the seventh king of Athens, Cecrops, emigrated to Euboea. [303]

At this time, Cecrops' son Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus) emigrated to Scyros. [304]

Scyrius was the husband of Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus, and their daughter Endeis (or Endais) was the wife of Aeacus. [305]

The Athenians who emigrated with Scyrius gave their name to the Cephisus river in Scyros.

27.2 Marriage from Salamis

In 1305 BC, Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus, was married off from Salamis to Scyrius, son of Cecrops, who lived in Scyros. [306]

Scyrius was the brother of Cychreus, father of Chariclo. [307]

27.3 Migration to Salamis

In 1295 BC, when Cychreus of Salamis died without an heir, Scyrus left Scyros to his son and emigrated to Salamis. [308]

Cychreus was the father of Scyros' wife, Chariclo. [309]

27.4 Marriage to Thessaly

In 1213 BC, Deidamia, daughter of Lycomedes, was married off to Achilles of Phthia in Thessaly. [310]

Lycomedes was the son of Scyrius's son, to whom Scyrius had entrusted Scyros. [311]

Achilles' mother Thetis was the daughter of Scyrius, and Deidamia was the daughter of Achilles' cousin. [312]

27.5 Emigration from Athens

In 1209 BC, Theseus, son of Aegeus, fled to Scyros to be with Lycomedes, pursued by Menestheus, son of Peteus (or Peteos). [313]

In Scyros was the domain of Aegeus, father of Theseus. [314]

Aegeus was the adopted son of Pandion, but his biological father was Scyrius. [315]

Probably Aegeus was the older brother of Lycomedes' father, and Lycomedes killed Theseus because he thought Theseus had usurped his position. [316]

Lycomedes was a cousin of Theseus. [317]

27.6 Death of Lycomedes

In 1186 BC, the two sons of Theseus, Demophon and Acamas, returned to Athens from Chalcis in Euboea. [318]

After finding out where their father had gone, they sent Athenians to Scyros to kill Lycomedes and bring back the remains of Theseus. [319]

27.7 Migration from Thessaly

In 1186 BC, the Thesprotians invaded Thessaly and occupied the area. [320]

Some of the Dolopians, who were under the control of Phthia, emigrated to Scyros. [321]

27.8 Migration from Thracia

In 495 BC, the Pelasgians, who lived in Lemnos, emigrated to the Chalcidice peninsula, driven by Miltiades, son of Cimon. [322]

Soon afterwards, some of the Pelasgians migrated from the Chalcidice peninsula to Scyros. [323]

27.9 Conquest by Athens

In 470 BC, Cimon, son of Miltiades of Athens, captured Scyros. [324]

At that time, Scyros was inhabited by Pelasgians and Dolopians, but the Dolopians were enslaved and their lands were distributed to the Athenians. [325]

28 History of Seriphus

28.1 First settlers

Apollodros tells us that two sons of Magnes, son of Aeolus, Dictys and Polydectes, lived in Seriphus. [326]

Magnes lived near Mount Olympus in Macedonia. [327]

However, the 5th century BC historian Pherecydes tells us that Dictys and Polydectes were sons of Peristhenes, son of Damastor, son of Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus. [328]

Nauplius was the founder of Nauplia in Argolis. [329]

The following suggests that Peristhenes was the father of Dictys and Polydectes:

1) Seriphus was far from Macedonia, but very close to Nauplia.

2) Nauplius' father migrated from Egypt to Argolis with Danaus. [330]

It is assumed that the descendants of Nauplius and Danaus were on friendly terms.

Perseus was the son of Danae, daughter of Acrisius, son of Abas, son of Hypermnestra, daughter of Danaus.

Dictys and Polydectes settled in Seriphus in 1340 BC.

28.2 Migration from Argos

In 1343 BC, Perseus, son of Danae, killed his grandfather's brother Proetus and fled to Seriphus, where he was protected by Dictys and his wife Clymene. [331]

In 1332 BC, Perseus returned to Peloponnesus and seized Tiryns. [332]

Perseus was worshipped as a hero in many places, but he was most highly venerated in Seriphus.[333]

29 History of Syme

29.1 First settlers

In 1380 BC, Chthonius, son of Syme, daughter of Ialysus, with the support of Triopas, son of Erysichthon, settled on Metapontis and the island became known as Syme. [334]

It is presumed that Chthonius was a cousin of Triopas, and migrated with Triopas from Rhodes to Cherronesus in Caria, from where he settled in Syme. [335]

29.2 Trojan War Era

Nireus, son of Charops, descendant of Chthonius, and Aglaia, appears with three ships in the story of Trojan War. The number of ships that left Syme was the smallest in Homer's Catalogue of Ships. [336]

Nireus was killed in battle at Troy. [337]

29.3 After the Trojan War

After the Trojan War, Syme was occupied by the Carians. Then, Syme suffered a drought, and the Carians left the island. [338]

Syme was uninhabited until the Lacedaemonians and the Argives settled there. [339]

30 History of Taphos

The Leucas Peninsula and nearby islands were inhabited by the Teleboans. [340]

In 1237 BC, Heracles and Jason made an expedition to northwestern Greece, and Jason settled in Corcyra. [341]

At this time, Taphius, son of Helius, also joined Heracles' campaign and moved from the Echinades to an island near the Leucas Peninsula. Taphius founded the town of Taphos on the island, which came to be called Taphos. [342]

Taphius' father, Helius, was the brother of Alcaeus, father of Amphitryon, father of Heracles.

In 1277 BC, Helius marched with Amphitryon and colonized the Echinades. [343]

Taphos was succeeded by Mentes, son of Anchialus, son of Taphius. [344]

31 History of Tenedos

The 4th century BC historian Nymphodorus, in his Voyages around Asia, describes Tenedos as an island of beautiful women. [345]

31.1 Migration from Colonae

In 1200 BC, Tenes (or Tennes), son of Cycnus (or Cygnus), emigrated to Leucophrys, off the coast of Troad, and changed the name of the island to Tenedos. Cycnus was the son of Calyce, daughter of Hecato, and lived in Colonae, south of Ilium. [346]

31.2 Migration to Argolis

In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor drove out Hector, son of Priam, and occupied Ilium. The Achaeans, allied with Hector, made an expedition to Troy.

Tenes also sided with Hector and fought against the sons of Antenor.

In 1186 BC, Hector and Tenes were killed in battle, and the Achaeans migrated from Troad to various places.

The inhabitants of Tenedos migrated from the island to Tenea (or Genea) in Argolis. [347]

In 750 BC, Archias, a member of the Heracleidae of Corinth, led a group of immigrants to Sicily and founded Syracuse. Most of the immigrants were from Tenea. [348]

In other words, the inhabitants of Syracuse at the time of its founding were Trojans.

31.3 Migration from Peloponnesus

In 1170 BC, the sons of Hector drove out the sons of Antenor and recaptured Ilium. [349]

The sons of Hector were supported by the Achaeans, who had emigrated to the land of the Molossians under the leadership of Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. [350]

Orestes, son of Agamemnon, probably participated in this battle.

Orestes campaigned against Troad and settled Peisander of Amyclae in Tenedos. [351]

Peisander's maternal grandfather was Melanippus, commander in the siege of Thebes. [352]

Probably, the inhabitants of Tenea also participated in Orestes' campaign.

32 History of Thasus

32.1 Migration from Cilicia

In 1400 BC, Thasus, son of Cilix, son of Agenor, emigrated from Thebe in Cilicia near Mount Ida to Thasus. [353]

The reason for Thasus' migration was probably due to a war with the Hittites, who were gaining influence in the western part of Anatolia at that time. [354]

Thasus was accompanied by the Idaean Dactyls (Telchines), who discovered gold deposits in Thasus. [355]

32.2 Migration to Thracia

In 1375 BC, Galepsus, son of Thasus, emigrated from Thasus to Thracia and founded Galepsus. [356]

Galepsus's purpose was to mine gold in Scape-Hyle. [357]

The 5th century BC historian Thucydides held gold mining rights in Scape-Hyle, where he was assassinated. [358]

32.3 Migration from Paros

In 1244 BC, the sons of Androgeus, son of Minos, Alcaeus and Sthenelus, emigrated from Paros to Thasus. [359]

33 History of Thera

33.1 Emigration from Phoenicia

In 1425 BC, a colony led by Cadmus, son of Agenor, stopped at Calliste (later Thera) and settled people on the island under the leadership of Membliarus, son of Poeciles. [360]

Membliarus was a Phoenician. [361]

33.2 Great Eruption

In 1420 BC and 1390 BC, a great eruption occurred between Thera and Therasia, just to the northwest. The eruption lasted for four days, and the lava that erupted formed an island about 2 km in circumference. [362]

After the eruption subsided, people from Rhodes rushed to Thera. [363]

They were the Phoenicians who had been part of Cadmus' colony and had settled in Rhodes. [364]

33.3 Emigration from Sparta

In 1099 BC, Theras, son of Autesion, led a colony from Sparta to Calliste. [365]

At the time, the island was inhabited by the descendants of those who had separated from the Cadmus colony and settled there. [366]

Theras was accepted by them as their leader, and the island was called Thera. [367]

The colony of Theras consisted of Lacedaemonians and Minyans who had fled from Lemnos to Laconia after being pursued by the Pelasgians. [368]

The two Spartan kings, Eurysthenes and Procles, were at odds with each other, but they cooperated and supported the colonization of Theras. [369]

Theras was their uncle and guardian. [370]

33.3 Migration to Libya

33.3.1 Founding of Cyrene

In 630 BC, Battus, son of Polymnestus, led a group of immigrants from Thera to Libya and founded Cyrene. [371]

Chionis the Lacedaemonian, victorious in the Olympiad, helped to build Cyrene. [372]

The children of Pancis, who lived in Lindus in Rhodes, also participated in the colonization of Cyrene. [373]

33.3.2 Deciding on a place to migrate

Battus was reportedly instructed by an oracle to migrate to Libya. [374]

The following anecdote suggests that the story of Battus's decision to migrate to Libya by an oracle is a fabrication.

Battus' mother Phronima's father Etearchus was the ruler of Oaxos (or Axus) in Crete. [375]

The founder of Oaxos was Oaxos, son of Acacallis, daughter of Minos. [376]

Oaxos' brother Amphithemis emigrated from Crete to Libya. [377]

Therefore, Oaxos of Crete and Libya had been in contact since ancient times.

It is presumed that some of those, who migrated from Oaxos to Thera to accompany Battus' mother Phronima on her marriage, encouraged Battus to settle in Libya.

34 History of Zacynthus

34.1 Migration from Arcadia

Zacynthus, son of Dardanus, emigrated from Psophis in Arcadia to an island near Cephallenia. [378]

The island was named Zacynthus after Zacynthus, son of Dardanus. [379]

The island's acropolis was also named Psophis, after the place where Zacynthus was born. [380]

34.2 Origin of Zacynthus

Dionysius of Halicarnassus tells us that Zacynthus was the son of Dardanus, son of Electra, and Bateia, and ancestor of Aeneas. [381]

Dionysius seems to mistakenly believe that Dardanus, the founder of the Trojan kingdom, was Zacynthus' father.

Bateia was the daughter of Teuclus, whom Dardanus married in Troad, and her son was not from Arcadia.

The origin of Zacynthus, the son of Dardanus, is therefore unclear.

34.3 Date of settlement of Zacynthus

Thucydides writes that the inhabitants of Zacynthus in the 5th century BC were Achaeans who had settled there from Peloponnesus. [382]

If these Achaeans came from Psophis in Arcadia together with Zacynthus, son of Dardanus, then Zacynthus's settlement would have been after 1173 BC.

In 1173 BC, Orestes, son of Agamemnon, emigrated from Mycenae to Arcadia. [383]

Orestes claimed most of Arcadia for himself. [384]

At this time, many Achaeans came to live in Arcadia.

End