1 Introduction

In 1750 BC, people who were driven from their homes by a great flood fled from the upper to lower reaches of the Cephisus River at the northern foot of Mount Parnassus and settled in Boeotia. [1]

At this time, some people crossed the Boeotia and settled in Attica.

Before the appearance of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, Colaenus lived in Myrrinous, southeast of Attica, and Actaeus lived in Athmoneis, northeast of Athens. [2]

However, copper miners had been living in Laurion near Cape Sunium, at the southeastern end of Attica, long before that. [3]

Strabon reports that the Temmices migrated from Cape Sunium, at the southeastern end of Attica, to Boeotia. [4]

The Temmices were the first tribe to settle in Boeotia. [5]

This chapter describes Anaphlystus, Aphidna, Brauron, Eleusis, Eleutherae, Marathon, Megara, Melite, Oenoe, Sphettus, Tricorythus, and Thoricus.

2 History of Anaphlystus

In 1262 BC, Anaphlystus, son of Troezen, emigrated from Troezen to Attica and founded Anaphlystus. [6]

After the battle with Minos, Aegeus fled to Troezen. With the help of Troezen's two sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus, Aegeus succeeded in returning to Athens. [7]

Anaphlystus is not in the names of the 12 towns that Theseus combined into one. [8]

Strabo lists only 11 towns, but one more is probably Anaphlystus.

3 History of Aphidna

Aphidna was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united. [9]

In 1210 BC, Theseus took Helen, daughter of Tyndareus, from Idas, son of Aphareus, and hid her in Aphidna. [10]

Then the Dioscuri came to Aphidna and took their sister Helen back to Lacedaemon. [11]

Between the 11th and 6th centuries BC, the Gephyraeans from Eretria in Euboea migrated to Aphidna. [12]

Harmodius and Aristogeiton, who assassinated Hipparchus, brother of Hippias, tyrant of Athens, in 514 BC, were Gephyraeans from Aphidna. [13]

4 History of Brauron

Brauron was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united. [14]

4.1 Migration from Megara

In 1173 BC, Philaeus, son of Ajax, emigrated from Megara to Brauron. [15]

His wife, Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon, was a priestess of Artemis in Brauron. [16]

Philaeus was presumably banished from Megara by Agamemnon's son Hyperion. [17]

4.2 The legend of Iphigenia and Orestes

In Brauron, there was a statue of Artemis that Pausanias had seen. It was said that Iphigenia had brought the statue back from the Tauric lands. [18]

The legend is thought to have been created by the Megarians, who had advanced into the Black Sea region after the 7th century BC. The setting of the legend is thought to be Tauric Scythia, the mainland, rather than the Tauric Chersonese (present-day Crimea). [19]

The father of Thoas, ruler of the Tauric lands, is said to be the Borysthenes (present-day Dnieper) River. [20]

4.3 The plundering by the Pelasgians

In 1115 BC, the Pelasgians living in Lemnos plundered the maidens of Brauron. [21]

Earlier, the Pelasgians had built the walls of Athens and worked hard to cultivate the land, but had been expelled by the jealous Athenians. The plundering was a vendetta against them for what they had done to them. [22]

After this incident, the Athenians called the Pelasgians of Lemnos Sinties (or Sinti). [23]

According to Philochorus, a historian of Athens from the 3rd century BC, Sinties means "harmful people". [24]

5 History of Eleusis

5.1 Early inhabitants

The first Greeks to live near the mouth of the Cephisus River, which flows into the Saronic Gulf, were Ogygus or his son Eleusis. The great flood of 1750 BC during the time of Ogygus drove the people who lived along the Cephisus River, which flows north of Mount Parnassus, from their settlements and moved south. They settled near the river that flowed through Eleusis and Athens and into the sea, and called it the same name as the Cephisus River in their homeland. [25]

5.2 Migration from Argos

In 1720 BC, Car, son of Phoroneus, migrated from Argos to Megara, west of Eleusis. [26]

In 1580 BC, Trochilus, a mystic priest and son of Callithyia, a priestess of the temple of Hera in Argos, migrated from Argos to Eleusis. He brought the rituals of the temple of Hera to Eleusis. [27]

In 1492 BC, Erechtheus (or Erichthonius), son of Atthis, daughter of Cranaus, migrated from Egypt to Athens. [28]

Erechtheus brought barley seeds from Egypt, which were planted in the Rharium plain of Eleusis. [29]

In Egypt, it was said that the goddess Isis introduced cereal cultivation to the people, and in Greece, a legend was born that the goddess Demeter introduced it. [30]

Pausanias reports that Car, son of Phoroneus, was the first to build a sanctuary for Demeter in Megara, and Demeter was worshipped since ancient times. [31]

The cult in Eleusis was performed by Celeus, son of Rharus, son of Cranaus.

Rharus had emigrated from Egypt with Erechtheus. Celeus and Erechtheus were cousins, grandsons of Cranaus. [32]

No ancient sources have been found that mention Cranaus' sons.

Isaac Newton, the great English scientist of the 18th century, only gives us the genealogy of Rharus, son of Cranaus. [33]

Rharus gave his name to the plain of Rharium in Eleusis. [34]

5.3 Invasion of Eumolpus

In 1415 BC, Eumolpus invaded Attica, and the Athenians fled to Boeotia near Tanagra. [35]

Xuthus' son Ion became a polemarchos at the recommendation of the Athenians, fought against Eumolpus, and brought about a truce. Since Eumolpus settled in Eleusis after that, it is assumed that Eumolpus was dominant. [36]

5.4 Background of Eumolpus

Eumolpus is assumed to have been a descendant of Larissa, daughter of Pelasgus, who emigrated from Argos to Thessaly in 1560 BC, for the following two reasons. [37]

1) In 1352 BC, when Immaradus, son of Eumolpus, fought against Erechtheus, Scirus came from Dodona to support Immaradus.

At that time, the descendants of Larissa, daughter of Pelasgus, who had migrated from Argos to Thessaly, lived in Dodona. Scirus is presumed to have been one of them. [38]

2) At that time, the descendants of Trochilus, who had migrated from Argos, lived in Eleusis and performed rituals. [39]

Larissa, Scirus, and Trochilus were Pelasgians who had migrated from Argos.

It is presumed that Eumolpus' residence before coming to Eleusis was Dodona or Scotussa in Thessaly. [40]

The Pelasgians and Dodona had the following relationship:

1) In 1480 BC, Thessalus, son of Haemon, son of Pelasgus, son of Larissa, moved the oracle from Scotussa to Dodona and built a temple there. [41]

2) In 1390 BC, most of the Pelasgians who were expelled from Thessaly settled in the area around Dodona. [42]

5.5 Motives for Eumolpus' Invasion

In Eleusis, the Pelasgians who had migrated from Argos were holding the rites of Hera. Rharus, who had migrated from Egypt with Erechtheus, brought new rites with him, and Celeus, the son of Rharus, ruled the Eleusinians.

A dispute arose between the Pelasgians and the Athenians who supported Celeus over the performance of the rites, and it is assumed that the Eleusinians asked the Pelasgians living in Thessaly for help.

The Eleusinians could not ask for help from Argos, since Trochilus had left due to a dispute with Agenor, the son of Triopas. It is assumed that the Pelasgians of Eleusis asked the descendants of Larissa, the daughter of Agenor's brother Pelasgus, for help. [43]

5.6 Migration to Argolis

Pausanias reports that Ion, son of Xuthus, expelled Dysaules, brother of Celeus. [44]

But Celeus and Dysaules had been culticating in Eleusis before Eumolpus arrived. It is likely that Dysaules left the town of his own accord.

In 1415 BC, Dysaules, the brother of Celeus, emigrated to Argolis, settled near Phlius, instituted the Mysteries, and named the town Celeae. Celeus was the name of Dysaules' dead brother. [45]

5.7 Triptolemus' Journey

5.7.1 Journey to Achaia

Triptolemus, son of Celeus, traveled farther than Celeae, where Dysaules had settled.

Triptolemus taught Eumelus, who lived southwest of Cape Rion in Achaia, how to cultivate grain and build towns. Eumelus founded Aroe (later Patrae). [46]

Furthermore, Triptolemus and Eumelus founded Antheia together. [47]

In Aroe was the tomb of Aegyptus, son of Belus. Also, Pharae, located south of Aroe in the middle reaches of the Peirus River, was founded by Phares, son of Phylodameia, daughter of Danaus, brother of Aegyptus. Since there is no chronological inconsistency between Eumelus and Triptolemus, it is assumed that Eumelus was the son of Aegyptus and the husband of Phylodameia. [48]

Eumelus was the son of Thebe, the daughter of Iodama, the daughter of Tithonus, the son of Cranaus' daughter. [49]

Triptolemus was the son of Celeus, the son of Rharus, the son of Cranaus. [50]

Eumelus and Triptolemus were of the same race, sharing a common ancestor with Cranaus, the second king of Athens.

5.7.2 Journey to Arcadia

Triptolemus also taught Arcas, the son of Callisto of Arcadia, how to cultivate grain. [51]

Later, Arcas married Meganira, the daughter of Triptolemus' son Crocon. [52]

Crocon was the first Eleusinian to live east of the Rheiti River, which bordered Athens.[53]

5.8 Migration to Thracia

In 1390 BC, a tsunami in the Aegean Sea caused by volcanic activity on Thera (now Santorini), about 110 km north of Crete, also affected Eleusis.

It was then that the people of Megara took refuge in Mount Gerania. [54]

Ceryx, son of Eumolpus, joined the colony of Boreas, son of Butes, who was leaving Athens to seek a new land, and settled in Thracia. [55]

Ceryx married Boreas' daughter Chione, and had a son, Eumolpus. [56]

5.9 Battle of Immaradus

In 1352 BC, Immaradus, son of Eumolpus of Eleusis, was killed in battle against Erechtheus, son of Pandion of Athens. [57]

The battle was fought between the Eleusinians and the Athenians over the cult of Eleusis. The battle ended with the Eleusians in the lead, and the Eleusis was to perform the Mysteries on their own. [58]

Reinforcements rushed to Eleusis from two directions in this battle.

One was the Pelasgians led by Scirus of Dodona. [59]

In 1390 BC, the Pelasgians, who lived in Thessaly, had been driven out by the sons of Deucalion and had largely migrated to the area around Dodona. [60]

Scirus founded the sanctuary of Athena Sciras in Phalerum, the outer harbor of Athens. There, when he was killed in battle, he was buried on the banks of the river that came to be called the Scirus River in his honor. [61]

Another group of reinforcements were the Thracians, led by Eumolpus, son of Chione. [62]

After the death of Immaradus, son of Eumolpus, the cult of Eleusis was succeeded by the daughters of Eumolpus and Celeus, both of whom were old. They were succeeded by Immaradus' brother Ceryx, recalled from Thracia, who was succeeded by his son Eumolpus. [63]

5.10 Migration from Thracia

In 1350 BC, Immaradus' father Eumolpus died, and Immaradus' brother Ceryx migrated from Thracia to Eleusis and took over the cult. [64]

5.11 Migration from Thracia

In 1315 BC, Eumolpus, son of Chione, migrated from Thracia to Eleusis to take over the cult. [65]

In Eleusis was the tomb of Eumolpus, son of Chione. [66]

6 History of Eleutherae

6.1 Founding of Eleutherae

In 1370 BC, Eleuther, son of Aethusa, daughter of Megassares, founded Eleutherae about 6 km south-southeast of Hysiae, across Mount Cithaeron. [67]

6.2 Bride from Hyria

In 1366 BC, Antiope, daughter of Nycteus, was married to Eleuther of Eleutherae, across Mount Cithaeron, from Hyria. They had two sons, Amphion and Zethus.

Tradition has it that Antiope gave birth to her sons at Eleutherae while she was being brought back to Thebes from Epopeus of Sicyon.

The only version of this story that seems to be true is that Amphion and Zethus were born at Eleutherae. At the time, Eleutherae had just been founded, and its founder, Eleuther, lived there. Antiope and Eleuther, the founder of Eleutherae, are chronologically appropriate as a couple, and Eleuther is presumed to be the father of the twins. [68]

Antiope would have married a cousin of her father, Nycteus. [69]

6.3 Founding of Eutresis

In 1345 BC, Amphion and Zethus migrated from Eleutherae north over Mount Cithaeron to a location about 14 km west-southwest of Thebes and founded Eutresis. [70]

6.4 Founding of Plataea

In 1295 BC, Damasistratus migrated from Eleutherae north over Mount Cithaeron to a location about 13 km south-southwest of Thebes and founded Plataea. [71]

Damasistratus is presumed to be the younger brother of Chaeresilaus, father of Poemander, founder of Tanagra.

6.5 Founding of Tanagra

In 1270 BC, Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius, son of Eleuther, son of Aethusa, migrated from Eleutherae to eastern Boeotia and founded Tanagra. [72]

6.6 Adrastus' Attack on Thebes

In 1215 BC, the Argives, led by Adrastus, attacked Thebes. The bodies of the Argives who died in battle were brought from Thebes to Eleutherae and buried there. [73]

Already at this time, Eleutherae was more favorably disposed towards Athens than Thebes. [74]

6.7 Joining Attica

Eleutherae had been closely related to Boeotia since its founding, but when its relationship with Thebes deteriorated, it joined Attica. [75]

The border between Attica and Boeotia was now Mount Cithaeron, instead of between Eleutherae and Oenoe.

7 History of Marathon

7.1 Founding of Marathon

In 1465 BC, Xuthus, son of Hellen, founded Marathon as part of Tetrapolis in northeastern Attica. [76]

Tetrapolis was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united into one. [77]

7.2 Migration from Sicyon

In 1352 BC, Marathon, son of Epopeus, migrated from Sicyon to Marathon. [78]

Marathon married the daughter of Erechtheus, the sixth king of Athens. [79]

Marathon was the son of Epopeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion. [80]

Before Marathon, the following marriages occurred between the Athenian royal family and the descendants of Deucalion:

1) The daughter of Cranaus, the second king of Athens, married Amphictyon, son of Deucalion.

2) The daughter of Erichthonius, the fourth king of Athens, married Xuthus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion. [81]

The marriage between Marathon and the daughter of Erechtheus is believed to have been a result of Marathon's participation in the war between Athens and Eleusis.

7.3 Migration to Sicyon and Corinth

In 1321 BC, Epopeus, son of Aloeus, died and was succeeded by Marathon, son of Epopeus. Marathon gave Asopia and Ephyraea to his two sons, Sicyon and Corinthus, respectively. Asopia and Ephyraea became known as Sicyon and Corinth, respectively. [82]

8 History of Megara

8.1 Migration from Argos

In 1725 BC, Car, son of Phoroneus, migrated from Argos to Megara. [83]

During the time of Pausanias, Car's tomb was located on the road from Megara to Corinth. [84]

8.2 Migration from Argos

In 1560 BC, Crotopus, son of Agenor, son of Triopas, migrated to the foot of Mount Geraneia in Megara and founded the Tripodiskion. [85]

8.3 Migration from Egypt

In 1430 BC, Lelex, son of Libia, settled in Megara after having settled his sons in Laconia. [86]

Lelex was the son of Libia, daughter of Epaphus, son of Io, cousin of Crotopus.

So it was not by chance that Lelex migrated to Megara.

8.3.1 Megara legend

Pausanias records that in the Megara legend, Lelex was twelve generations after Car, the son of Phoroneus. [87]

But Lelex was the son of Libia, the daughter of Epaphus, the son of Io, the daughter of Iasus, the son of Triopas, the son of Criasus, the son of Argus, the son of Niobe, the sister of Car. In other words, Lelex was nine generations after Car.

8.3.2 Leleges

After Lelex's settlement, the people of Megara were called Leleges. [88]

Leleges was the same name given to the first inhabitants of Laconia. [89]

The Leleges who lived in western Acarnania with the Teleboans were also people who migrated from Laconia. [90]

8.3.3 Descendants of Lelex

Pausanias reports that Lelex's son was Cleson, Cleson's son was Pylas, Pylas's son was Sciron, who married the daughter of Pandion, the eighth king of Athens. [91]

The genealogy shows that the birth years of Lelex and Pylas differed by 125 years, making one generation 62 years, which is not reasonable. It is likely that Cleson's father was not Lelex, and that there were three generations missing between Lelex and Cleson.

Thus, the Megara legend was correct, but Pausanias mistakenly identified Cleson as the son of Lelex.

8.4 Migration from Thracia

In 1420 BC, Tereus emigrated from Thracia to the area near Daulis in Phocis. [92]

In 1418 BC, Tereus emigrated to Pagae in Megara. [93]

Tereus married Procne, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens. [94]

Tereus' tomb was in Megara. [95]

8.5 Migration from Athens

8.5.1 Migration of Pandion

In 1318 BC, Pandion, son of Cecrops, emigrated to Pylas, son of Cleson, of Megara, and married his daughter Pylia. [96]

Earlier, Pandion had been exiled from Athens with his father and brothers. [97]

8.5.2 Migration of Pylas

Pausanias reports that Pylas, son of Cleson, led Leleges in migration from Megara to Messenia and founded Pylus. [98]

Apollodros also reports that Pylas gave the kingdom to his son-in-law Pandion and emigrated. [99]

However, Pylas had a son named Sciron. [100]

This legend is likely a fiction, born from the fact that the name of Pylas is similar to that of Pylus in Eleia and Messenia. [101]

8.6 Migration to Athens

In 1312 BC, Pandion, son of Cecrops, returned to Athens from Megara. [102]

8.7 Migration from Athens

In 1295 BC, Pandion, son of Cecrops, migrated from Athens to Megara, pursued by the sons of Metion. [103]

8.8 Dispute over the succession of Megara

In 1287 BC, Pandion, son of Cecrops, died. A dispute arose between Pandion's son Nisus and Pylas' son Sciron over the succession of Megara, and Aeacus of Aegina mediated the matter. [104]

Aeacus' wife's father, Scyrius, was the biological father of Aegeus, king of Athens. [105]

In other words, Aeacus and Aegeus were stepbrothers, and Nisus and Sciron were stepbrothers through Aegeus. Aegeus had Aeacus mediate the dispute between the stepbrothers. Aeacus was known as a pious man among Aegeus' stepbrothers. [106]

With Aeacus's mediation, Nisus, son of Pandion, succeeded to Megara. [107]

8.9 Migration to Athens

In 1285 BC, Aegeus returned to Athens from Megara and expelled the sons of Metion. [108]

8.10 Migration from Pisa

In 1287 BC, Alcathous, son of Pelops, fled Pisa where civil wars had broken out and emigrated to Megara. [109]

Alcathous married Pyrgo, daughter of Sciron, son of Pylas. [110]

8.11 Battle with Minos

In 1264 BC, Aegeus was banished from Athens by the sons of Pallas and fled to Nisus in Megara. [111]

Minos of Crete, who was on friendly terms with the sons of Pallas, attacked Megara. [112]

Nisus, king of Megara, was killed in battle, and Minos was victorious. Aegeus fled to Pittheus, son of Pelops, in Troezen. [113]

8.12 Migration from Argos

In 1247 BC, after civil war broke out in Argos, Melampus, son of Amythaon, emigrated to Megara with his grandson Coeranus. [114]

At this time, Idmon's son Thestor also migrated with them to Megara. [115]

Melampus was Thestor's great-grandfather, and Coeranus was his paternal uncle.

8.13 Marriage to Salamis

In 1240 BC, Periboea (or Eriboea), daughter of Alcathous, was married to Telamon, son of Aeacus of Salamis. [116]

The marriage was likely made possible because Periboea's mother's side and Telamon's mother's side were both connected to the royal house of Athens.

8.14 Migration from Salamis

In 1215 BC, Ajax, son of Telamon, migrated from Salamis to Megara and succeeded Alcathous. [117]

Ajax was the son of Alcathous' daughter Periboea (or Eriboea) and thus the grandson of Alcathous. [118]

Ajax married Lysidice, a descendant of Caeneus, son of Elatus, and had a son, Philaeus. [119]

Caeneus was a Lapiths of Thessaly, but Ajax's grandfather Aeacus was also from Phthia in Thessaly. [120]

8.15 Death of Alcmena

In 1214 BC, Alcmena, daughter of Electryon, died in Megara on the way from Peloponnesus to Tricorythus with Heracleidae. [121]

8.16 Death of Hyllus

In 1211 BC, Hyllus, son of Heracles, was killed in battle at Isthmus against the forces of Peloponnesus. [122]

Hyllus' tomb was in Megara. [123]

8.17 Death of Adrastus

In 1205 BC, Adrastus, son of Talaus, died at Megara on the way back from accompanying the Epigoni in their siege of Thebes. [124]

8.18 Bride from Mycenae

In 1190 BC, Philaeus, son of Ajax, married Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon, from Mycenae.

The following accounts suggest that Philaeus' wife was Iphigenia:

1) Pausanias reports that there was a heroic tomb for Iphigenia in Megara, and that Iphigenia died there. [125]

2) Philaeus lived in Brauron, and Iphigenia was a priestess of Artemis in Brauron. [126]

3) Iphigenia's brother Hyperion became king of Megara. [127]

8.19 Trojan War

In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor expelled the sons of Priam and occupied Ilium. The sons of Priam requested reinforcements from the Achaeans, who were on friendly terms with them through their use of the Hellespont.

The Achaeans organized an expedition against Troy, with Achilles, son of Peleus, as its commander.

The following participants were from Megara:

8.19.1 Ajax, son of Telamon

Ajax, son of Telamon, was Achilles' cousin and probably participated in Achilles' expedition.

In 1186 BC, Hector, son of Priam, who was the commander in chief of the attack on Ilium, was killed in battle, along with Achilles and Ajax, and the Achaeans gave up on recapturing Ilium.

Ajax was buried in Rhoeteium, near Ilium. [128]

8.19.2 Calchas, son of Thestor

Calchas, son of Thestor, participated in the Troy campaign with Ajax, son of Telamon. [129]

Calchas fled from Ilium to Pamphylia and founded Selge. [130]

8.20 Migration from Mycenae

In 1173 BC, the Dorians under Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, invaded Peloponnesus and destroyed Mycenae. Hyperion, son of Agamemnon, emigrated from Mycenae to Megara. [131]

8.21 Migration to Attica

In 1173 BC, Ajax's sons Philaeus and Eurysaces emigrated from Megara to Brauron and Melite in Attica. [132]

Since Eurysaces' sanctuary was in Melite, it is believed that Eurysaces settled in Melite and Philaeus in Brauron. [133]

Philaeus and Eurysaces were presumably banished from Megara by Agamemnon's son Hyperion. [134]

8.22 Abolition of the monarchy

In 1160 BC, Hyperion was killed by Sandion for his tyrannical behavior, and the monarchy of Megara was abolished. [135]

8.23 Founding of Megara by the Dorians

In 1074 BC, the Dorians from Corinth expelled the Ionians from Megara, which had been part of Athens, and founded the Dorian city of Megara. [135-1]

8.24 Migration to Crete

In 1070 BC, a group of Dorians from Megara joined the migration led by Althaemenes, son of Ceisus, son of Temenos of Argos, and migrated to Crete. [135-2]

The cause of Althaemenes' migration was famine. [135-3]

9 History of Melite

In 1173 BC, Eurysaces, son of Ajax, emigrated from Megara to Melite. [136]

Eurysaces' sanctuary was in Melite. [137]

Eurysaces was presumably expelled from Megara by Hyperion, son of Agamemnon. [138]

10 History of Oenoe

In 1465 BC, Xuthus, son of Hellen, founded Oenoe as part of Tetrapolis in northeastern Attica. [139]

Tetrapolis was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united into one. [140]

When Eumolpus invaded Attica in 1415 BC, the inhabitants of Oenoe emigrated to an island in the Saronic Gulf (later known as Aegina). [141]

After their settlement, the name of the island became Oenoe. [142]

11 History of Sphettus

In 1262 BC, Sphettus, son of Troezen, emigrated from Troezen to Attica and founded Sphettus. [143]

After the battle with Minos, Aegeus went into exile in Troezen. Later, Aegeus returned to Athens with the help of Troezen's two sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus. [144]

Sphettus was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united into one. [145]

12 History of Tricorythus

12.1 Founding of Tricorythus (or Tricorynthus)

In 1465 BC, Xuthus, son of Hellen, founded Tricorythus as part of Tetrapolis in northeastern Attica. [146]

Tetrapolis was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united into one. [147]

12.2 Migration from Trachis

In 1218 BC, the Heracleidae migrated from Trachis to Tricorythus. [148]

Iope, sister of Iolaus, protector of the Heracleidae, was the wife of Theseus, king of Athens, and Theseus, brother-in-law of Iolaus, accepted the Heracleidae. [149]

12.3 Battle with Eurystheus

In 1217 BC, King Eurystheus of Mycenae attacked the Heracleidae who lived in Tricorythus, but was killed by Iolaus. Eurystheus' body was buried in Gargettus, and his head was buried near the spring of Macaria in Tricorythus. [150]

In other words, Eurystheus and the Heracleidae fought at Gargettus, and the Heracleidae brought only the head of Eurystheus back to Tricorythus.

12.4 Migration to Doris

In 1211 BC, the Heracleidae, led by Hyllus, son of Heracles, failed in their invasion of Peloponnesus and emigrated from Tricorythus to Doris. [151]

At that time, Antiochus and Macaria did not go to Doris.

12.4.1 Antiochus, son of Heracles

Antiochus, son of Heracles and Meda, daughter of Phylas of Dryopes, became one of the eponyms of Athens. [152]

12.4.2 Macaria, daughter of Heracles

Macaria, daughter of Heracles and Deianeira, married Demophon, son of Theseus, and had a son, Oxyntes. [153]

13 History of Thoricus

Pandion, son of Cecrops, lived in Thoricus before becoming the eighth king of Athens. [154]

In 1279 BC, Cephalus, son of Deioneus, was pursued by Aegeus and fled from Thoricus to Thebes. [155]

In 1277 BC, Cephalus, together with Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus, made an expedition to the land of the Teleboans in northwestern Greece. Cephalus settled on the largest island in the Ionian Sea, west of Acarnania.[156]

The island came to be called Cephallenia.[157]

Cephalus' father Deioneus (or Deion) was another name for Pandion, the eighth king of Athens.[158]

Thoricus was one of the twelve towns that Theseus united into one.[159]

End